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Author: Mika Hämäläinen
Publisher: Mika Hämäläinen
ISBN: 9515167078
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This thesis presents approaches to computationally creative natural language generation focusing on theoretical foundations, practical solutions and evaluation. I defend that a theoretical definition is crucial for computational creativity and that the practical solution must closely follow the theoretical definition. Finally, evaluation must be based on the underlying theory and what was actually modelled in the practical solution. A theoretical void in the existing theoretical work on computational creativity is identified. The existing theories do not explicitly take into account the communicative nature of natural language. Therefore, a new theoretical framework is elaborated that identifies how computational creativity can take place in a setting that has a clear communicative goal. This introduces a communicative-creative trade off that sets limits to creativity in such a communicative context. My framework divides creativity in three categories: message creativity, contextual creativity and communicative creativity. Any computationally creative NLG approach not taking communicativity into account is called mere surface generation. I propose a novel master-apprentice approach for creative language generation. The approach consists of a genetic algorithm, the fitness functions of which correspond to different parameters defined as important for the creative task in question from a theoretical perspective. The output of the genetic algorithm together with possible human authored data are used to train the apprentice, which is a sequence-to-sequence neural network model. The role of the apprentice in the system is to approximate creative autonomy. Evaluation is approached from three different perspectives in this work: ad-hoc and abstract, theory-based and abstract, and theory-based and concrete. The first perspective is the most common one in the current literature and its shortcomings are demonstrated and discussed. This starts a gradual shift towards more meaningful evaluation by first using proper theories to define the task being modelled and finally reducing the room for subjective interpretation by suggesting the use of concrete evaluation questions.
Author: Mika Hämäläinen
Publisher: Mika Hämäläinen
ISBN: 9515167078
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This thesis presents approaches to computationally creative natural language generation focusing on theoretical foundations, practical solutions and evaluation. I defend that a theoretical definition is crucial for computational creativity and that the practical solution must closely follow the theoretical definition. Finally, evaluation must be based on the underlying theory and what was actually modelled in the practical solution. A theoretical void in the existing theoretical work on computational creativity is identified. The existing theories do not explicitly take into account the communicative nature of natural language. Therefore, a new theoretical framework is elaborated that identifies how computational creativity can take place in a setting that has a clear communicative goal. This introduces a communicative-creative trade off that sets limits to creativity in such a communicative context. My framework divides creativity in three categories: message creativity, contextual creativity and communicative creativity. Any computationally creative NLG approach not taking communicativity into account is called mere surface generation. I propose a novel master-apprentice approach for creative language generation. The approach consists of a genetic algorithm, the fitness functions of which correspond to different parameters defined as important for the creative task in question from a theoretical perspective. The output of the genetic algorithm together with possible human authored data are used to train the apprentice, which is a sequence-to-sequence neural network model. The role of the apprentice in the system is to approximate creative autonomy. Evaluation is approached from three different perspectives in this work: ad-hoc and abstract, theory-based and abstract, and theory-based and concrete. The first perspective is the most common one in the current literature and its shortcomings are demonstrated and discussed. This starts a gradual shift towards more meaningful evaluation by first using proper theories to define the task being modelled and finally reducing the room for subjective interpretation by suggesting the use of concrete evaluation questions.
Author: Rodney H. Jones
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317550471
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Current, comprehensive, and authoritative, this text gives language teachers and researchers, both a set of conceptual tools with which to think and talk about creativity in language teaching and a wealth of practical advice about principles and practices that can be applied to making their lessons more creative. Providing an overview of the nature of creativity and its role in second language education, it brings together twenty prominent language teachers and researchers with expertise in different aspects of creativity and teaching contexts to present a range of theories on both creative processes and how these processes lead to creative practices in language teaching. Unique in the field, the book takes a broader and more critical look at the notion of creativity in language learning, exploring its linguistic, cognitive, sociocultural and pedagogic dimensions. Structured in four sections— theoretical perspectives, creativity in the classroom, creativity in the curriculum, and creativity in teacher development—each chapter is supplemented by Questions for Discussion and Suggestions for Further Research. Its accessible style makes the book relevant as both a course text and a resource for practicing teachers.
Author: Josep Diaz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540509400
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
TAPSOFT '89 is the Third International Joint Conference on Theory and Practice of Software Development held in Barcelona, Spain, March 13-17, 1989. The conference consissted of three parts: - Advanced Seminar on Foundations of Innovative Software Development - Colloquium on Trees in Algebra and Programming (CAAP '89) - Colloquium on Current Issues in Programming Languages (CCIPL) The TAPSOFT '89 Conference Proceedings are published in two volumes. The first volume includes the papers from CAAP plus the more theoretical ones of the invited papers. The second volume comprises the papers from CCIPL and the invited papers more relevant to current issues in programming languages.
Author: O. Garcia
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137385766
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Winner of the British Association of Applied Linguistics Book Prize 2014 This book addresses how the new linguistic concept of 'Translanguaging' has contributed to our understandings of language, bilingualism and education, with potential to transform not only semiotic systems and speaker subjectivities, but also social structures.
Author: Sahbi Hidri
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319628844
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 493
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Book Description
This book presents an overview of revisiting the assessment of language abilities. It also showcases how the measurement of such constructs can result in negative or positive washback and how outcomes might be conducive to repercussions that decide on the future of many stakeholders. The 23 chapters were selected among tens of chapters received from different contexts that addressed the issue of revisiting the assessment of language abilities, such as Tunisia, Ukraine, Algeria, Russia, KSA, Sudan, Egypt, Canada, Kurdistan, UK, USA, Iran, Turkey, etc. These contexts have highlighted the necessity to revisit the different constructs which should be assessed with a clear and straightforward foundation on students’ learning objectives and their actual language ability. To do so, most of the chapters present hands-on use of relevant statistical tests that might serve in revisiting the construct definition both theoretically and operationally. Perhaps the sole and intricate question that the authors of these contributions ask is what it means to revisit the assessment of the construct of individualized language ability and how. In addition, the book accentuates the momentousness and significance of reflecting on test fairness and validation as the mainspring and backbone for democratization of assessment. This book appeals to a broad readership, such as English Language Teaching (ELT) practitioners, language teachers, students, testing organizations, policy-makers, test designers, writers of test specifications, testing experts, researchers, program evaluators, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) as well as other international contexts.
Author: Pamela G. Reed, PhD, RN, FAAN
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826149928
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
First Edition Earned a 5-Star rating from Doody's This esteemed text for graduate-level nursing students focuses on the science and philosophy of nursing knowledge development, with a special emphasis on theory as a tool in developing practice-relevant knowledge. It is distinguished by its focus on practical applications of theory for scholarly, evidence-based approaches. The second edition features important updates and a reorganization of information to better highlight the roles of theory and the major philosophical perspectives in knowledge development. It also introduces two completely new chapters: The DNP Project: Translating Research into Knowledge for Practice, and Generating Knowledge in the Practice Setting. Summary Points at the end of each chapter, in addition to Discussion and Reflection questions help to reinforce knowledge. The text offers a comprehensive overview of the philosophy and history of science, the structures of nursing knowledge, and a path for knowledge development. It is unique in its reach beyond the traditional views about theory in nursing. It advocates equipping practitioners as well as other nurses with the tools to make theory more relevant to their own practice and inspire confidence to be active participants in building knowledge for nursing. The text will help students to become aware of their own philosophical and theoretical ideas and knowledge embedded in their practice and to learn strategies for developing theory-based knowledge—strategies that are practice-relevant and practice-based. New to the Second Edition: Presents important updates to the first edition. New chapter: The DNP Project: Translating Research into Knowledge for Practice. New chapter: Generating New Knowledge in the Practice Setting. Reorganizes material to better highlight the roles of theory and the major philosophical perspectives in knowledge development. Includes summary points at the end of each chapter. Key Features: Balances theoretical and philosophical ideas with the practical. Includes concrete strategies for knowledge development. Explicates the shared and distinct roles of DNP and PhD nurses in knowledge development. Introduces "Intermodernism" to support practice-based theory and knowledge development. Introduces "Interludes" whereby readers can examine specific strategies of knowledge development.
Author: Janie B. Butts
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Publishers
ISBN: 1284041360
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 675
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Book Description
Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice, Second Edition was developed as an essential resource for advance practice students in master’s and doctoral programs. This text is appropriate for students needing an introductory understanding of philosophy and how a theory is constructed as well as students and nurses who understand theory at an advanced level. The Second Edition discusses the AACN DNP essentials which is critical for DNP students as well as PhD students who need a better understanding of the DNP-educated nurse’s role. Philosophies and Theories for Advanced Nursing Practice, Second Edition covers a wide variety of theories in addition to nursing theories. Coverage of non-nursing related theory is beneficial to nurses because of the growing national emphasis on collaborative, interdisciplinary patient care. The text includes diagrams, tables, and discussion questions to help students understand and reinforce core content.
Author: , Schaefer
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198893507
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 225
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Author: Carol A. Mullen
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030481654
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
Revealing Creativity: Exploration in Transnational Education Cultures explores the recovery and fostering of creativity under educational constraint. This longitudinal global study of diverse education populations in China, Canada, and Australia offers application of the 4-C Creativity Model through experiential activities and exploratory interviews within classrooms and other learning spaces. Transnational in scope, this book describes an original innovative method, process, and tool for addressing obstacles to creativity in educational environments and within the self that constitute a significant challenge to practice. Through an immersive encounter with a validated creativity model, diverse cultural groups were guided to interpret the 4-C classification system and uncover their latent potential as creators. For their own purposes, readers can adapt the dynamic model-as-method process for releasing and revealing creativity within accountability-bound competitive cultures.
