Author: David A. Stephenson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315362686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 947
Book Description
A Complete Reference Covering the Latest Technology in Metal Cutting Tools, Processes, and Equipment Metal Cutting Theory and Practice, Third Edition shapes the future of material removal in new and lasting ways. Centered on metallic work materials and traditional chip-forming cutting methods, the book provides a physical understanding of conventional and high-speed machining processes applied to metallic work pieces, and serves as a basis for effective process design and troubleshooting. This latest edition of a well-known reference highlights recent developments, covers the latest research results, and reflects current areas of emphasis in industrial practice. Based on the authors’ extensive automotive production experience, it covers several structural changes, and includes an extensive review of computer aided engineering (CAE) methods for process analysis and design. Providing updated material throughout, it offers insight and understanding to engineers looking to design, operate, troubleshoot, and improve high quality, cost effective metal cutting operations. The book contains extensive up-to-date references to both scientific and trade literature, and provides a description of error mapping and compensation strategies for CNC machines based on recently issued international standards, and includes chapters on cutting fluids and gear machining. The authors also offer updated information on tooling grades and practices for machining compacted graphite iron, nickel alloys, and other hard-to-machine materials, as well as a full description of minimum quantity lubrication systems, tooling, and processing practices. In addition, updated topics include machine tool types and structures, cutting tool materials and coatings, cutting mechanics and temperatures, process simulation and analysis, and tool wear from both chemical and mechanical viewpoints. Comprised of 17 chapters, this detailed study: Describes the common machining operations used to produce specific shapes or surface characteristics Contains conventional and advanced cutting tool technologies Explains the properties and characteristics of tools which influence tool design or selection Clarifies the physical mechanisms which lead to tool failure and identifies general strategies for reducing failure rates and increasing tool life Includes common machinability criteria, tests, and indices Breaks down the economics of machining operations Offers an overview of the engineering aspects of MQL machining Summarizes gear machining and finishing methods for common gear types, and more Metal Cutting Theory and Practice, Third Edition emphasizes the physical understanding and analysis for robust process design, troubleshooting, and improvement, and aids manufacturing engineering professionals, and engineering students in manufacturing engineering and machining processes programs.
Metal Cutting Theory and Practice
Author: David A. Stephenson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315362686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 947
Book Description
A Complete Reference Covering the Latest Technology in Metal Cutting Tools, Processes, and Equipment Metal Cutting Theory and Practice, Third Edition shapes the future of material removal in new and lasting ways. Centered on metallic work materials and traditional chip-forming cutting methods, the book provides a physical understanding of conventional and high-speed machining processes applied to metallic work pieces, and serves as a basis for effective process design and troubleshooting. This latest edition of a well-known reference highlights recent developments, covers the latest research results, and reflects current areas of emphasis in industrial practice. Based on the authors’ extensive automotive production experience, it covers several structural changes, and includes an extensive review of computer aided engineering (CAE) methods for process analysis and design. Providing updated material throughout, it offers insight and understanding to engineers looking to design, operate, troubleshoot, and improve high quality, cost effective metal cutting operations. The book contains extensive up-to-date references to both scientific and trade literature, and provides a description of error mapping and compensation strategies for CNC machines based on recently issued international standards, and includes chapters on cutting fluids and gear machining. The authors also offer updated information on tooling grades and practices for machining compacted graphite iron, nickel alloys, and other hard-to-machine materials, as well as a full description of minimum quantity lubrication systems, tooling, and processing practices. In addition, updated topics include machine tool types and structures, cutting tool materials and coatings, cutting mechanics and temperatures, process simulation and analysis, and tool wear from both chemical and mechanical viewpoints. Comprised of 17 chapters, this detailed study: Describes the common machining operations used to produce specific shapes or surface characteristics Contains conventional and advanced cutting tool technologies Explains the properties and characteristics of tools which influence tool design or selection Clarifies the physical mechanisms which lead to tool failure and identifies general strategies for reducing failure rates and increasing tool life Includes common machinability criteria, tests, and indices Breaks down the economics of machining operations Offers an overview of the engineering aspects of MQL machining Summarizes gear machining and finishing methods for common gear types, and more Metal Cutting Theory and Practice, Third Edition emphasizes the physical understanding and analysis for robust process design, troubleshooting, and improvement, and aids manufacturing engineering professionals, and engineering students in manufacturing engineering and machining processes programs.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315362686
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 947
Book Description
A Complete Reference Covering the Latest Technology in Metal Cutting Tools, Processes, and Equipment Metal Cutting Theory and Practice, Third Edition shapes the future of material removal in new and lasting ways. Centered on metallic work materials and traditional chip-forming cutting methods, the book provides a physical understanding of conventional and high-speed machining processes applied to metallic work pieces, and serves as a basis for effective process design and troubleshooting. This latest edition of a well-known reference highlights recent developments, covers the latest research results, and reflects current areas of emphasis in industrial practice. Based on the authors’ extensive automotive production experience, it covers several structural changes, and includes an extensive review of computer aided engineering (CAE) methods for process analysis and design. Providing updated material throughout, it offers insight and understanding to engineers looking to design, operate, troubleshoot, and improve high quality, cost effective metal cutting operations. The book contains extensive up-to-date references to both scientific and trade literature, and provides a description of error mapping and compensation strategies for CNC machines based on recently issued international standards, and includes chapters on cutting fluids and gear machining. The authors also offer updated information on tooling grades and practices for machining compacted graphite iron, nickel alloys, and other hard-to-machine materials, as well as a full description of minimum quantity lubrication systems, tooling, and processing practices. In addition, updated topics include machine tool types and structures, cutting tool materials and coatings, cutting mechanics and temperatures, process simulation and analysis, and tool wear from both chemical and mechanical viewpoints. Comprised of 17 chapters, this detailed study: Describes the common machining operations used to produce specific shapes or surface characteristics Contains conventional and advanced cutting tool technologies Explains the properties and characteristics of tools which influence tool design or selection Clarifies the physical mechanisms which lead to tool failure and identifies general strategies for reducing failure rates and increasing tool life Includes common machinability criteria, tests, and indices Breaks down the economics of machining operations Offers an overview of the engineering aspects of MQL machining Summarizes gear machining and finishing methods for common gear types, and more Metal Cutting Theory and Practice, Third Edition emphasizes the physical understanding and analysis for robust process design, troubleshooting, and improvement, and aids manufacturing engineering professionals, and engineering students in manufacturing engineering and machining processes programs.
Theory of Gearing
Author: Stephen P. Radzevich
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 100073563X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1193
Book Description
1) Demonstrates the rigorous scientific theory behind optimal gear design, manufacture, and performance 2) Details cutting edge research on gear design since the previous edition, enabling engineers to cost effectively make efficient and sustainable gears 3) Discusses approximate gearing, along with algorithms for gear design and performance 4) Aids the reader in designing noiseless gears which feature the highest possible power density at the lowest possible manufacturing costs
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 100073563X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1193
Book Description
1) Demonstrates the rigorous scientific theory behind optimal gear design, manufacture, and performance 2) Details cutting edge research on gear design since the previous edition, enabling engineers to cost effectively make efficient and sustainable gears 3) Discusses approximate gearing, along with algorithms for gear design and performance 4) Aids the reader in designing noiseless gears which feature the highest possible power density at the lowest possible manufacturing costs
Advances in Gear Theory and Gear Cutting Tool Design
Author: Stephen P. Radzevich
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030922626
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 644
Book Description
This book was written by a team of leading gear experts from across the globe, including contributions from USA, Germany, Poland, China, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. It provides readers with the latest accomplishments in the gear theory and gear cutting tool design. Specialists can apply competencies gained from this book to quality control in gear manufacture, as well as to the conditions of their production. The book begins with a detailed discussion of the kinematics and geometry of geometrically-accurate gears and gear systems. This is followed by an analysis of state-of-the-art gear manufacturing methods with focus on gear finishing operations. Novel designs of gear transmission systems as well as gear theory and gear cutting tool design are also covered.
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030922626
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 644
Book Description
This book was written by a team of leading gear experts from across the globe, including contributions from USA, Germany, Poland, China, Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. It provides readers with the latest accomplishments in the gear theory and gear cutting tool design. Specialists can apply competencies gained from this book to quality control in gear manufacture, as well as to the conditions of their production. The book begins with a detailed discussion of the kinematics and geometry of geometrically-accurate gears and gear systems. This is followed by an analysis of state-of-the-art gear manufacturing methods with focus on gear finishing operations. Novel designs of gear transmission systems as well as gear theory and gear cutting tool design are also covered.
Gear Cutting Tools
Author: Stephen P. Radzevich
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351712217
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1183
Book Description
Gear Cutting Tools: Fundamentals of Design and Computation, Second Edition, presents the DG/K-based method of surface generation, a practical mathematical method for designing gear cutting tools with optimal parameters. The text addresss gear cutting tool evolution, and proceeds to scientific classification for all types of gear machining meshes before discussing optimal cutting tool designs. Designs currently used and those being planned are covered, and the approach allows for development of scientific predictions and optimal designs. Solutions appear in analytical form and/or graphical form, with a wealth of new figures added, and new appendices offer additional data for readers.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351712217
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1183
Book Description
Gear Cutting Tools: Fundamentals of Design and Computation, Second Edition, presents the DG/K-based method of surface generation, a practical mathematical method for designing gear cutting tools with optimal parameters. The text addresss gear cutting tool evolution, and proceeds to scientific classification for all types of gear machining meshes before discussing optimal cutting tool designs. Designs currently used and those being planned are covered, and the approach allows for development of scientific predictions and optimal designs. Solutions appear in analytical form and/or graphical form, with a wealth of new figures added, and new appendices offer additional data for readers.
A Gear Chronology
Author: William P. Crosher
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1499071140
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
A Gear Chronology A Review In his foreword to A Gear Chronology book, author William P. Crosher dedicates his work to "those engineers and organizations that give freely of their time and experience to develop standards and technical conferences that are so crucial to the progress of the gear industry." In my experience, Crosher demonstrates this same desire to know all he can about his profession, and to contribute to its continued growth and evolution in an ongoing and proactive manner. As complicated and technical as some of the topics he discusses can be, Crosher writes in a manner that is straightforward, accessible, and informative. In other words, he harnesses the same approach utilized by any good teacher in finding a way to engage his audience while at the same time conveying valuable information. He achieves this by providing historical and peripheral material that brings the subject under discussion to life. In chapters devoted to the fundamentals of gearing, definitions of gear elements, materials, and processes such as heat treating, the author builds a solid foundation for later chapters on subjects including spur, helical, and worm gear design, gear manufacturing and inspection, lubrication properties, and failure modes, along with an analysis of those examined. Topics are explored fully and explained clearly, with a wealth of helpful illustrations in support of the text. References and resources are listed at the end of the book, including contact information for associations that can assist in the reader's continued professional growth. The former director of the National Conference on Power Transmission, as well as former chairman of the American Gear Manufacturers Association's Marketing Council and Enclosed Drive Committee, Crosher was resident engineer-North America for Thyssen Gear Works, and later at Flender Graffenstaden. He is author of the book Design and Application of the Worm Gear and longtime writer of the "Tooth Tips" column that appears each month in the pages of Gear Solutions magazine, which is published by Media Solutions, Inc. As editor I can attest to the fact that his work generates a high degree of reader response, and that he is both known and respected in the gear-manufacturing industry around the world. It is an honor to be in a position to share his knowledge and expertise with our readers, and to have the opportunity to comment on his latest professional endeavor. Russ Willcutt, Editor Gear Solutions Magazine [email protected] www.gearsolutions.com (800) 366-2185 ext. 205
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
ISBN: 1499071140
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
A Gear Chronology A Review In his foreword to A Gear Chronology book, author William P. Crosher dedicates his work to "those engineers and organizations that give freely of their time and experience to develop standards and technical conferences that are so crucial to the progress of the gear industry." In my experience, Crosher demonstrates this same desire to know all he can about his profession, and to contribute to its continued growth and evolution in an ongoing and proactive manner. As complicated and technical as some of the topics he discusses can be, Crosher writes in a manner that is straightforward, accessible, and informative. In other words, he harnesses the same approach utilized by any good teacher in finding a way to engage his audience while at the same time conveying valuable information. He achieves this by providing historical and peripheral material that brings the subject under discussion to life. In chapters devoted to the fundamentals of gearing, definitions of gear elements, materials, and processes such as heat treating, the author builds a solid foundation for later chapters on subjects including spur, helical, and worm gear design, gear manufacturing and inspection, lubrication properties, and failure modes, along with an analysis of those examined. Topics are explored fully and explained clearly, with a wealth of helpful illustrations in support of the text. References and resources are listed at the end of the book, including contact information for associations that can assist in the reader's continued professional growth. The former director of the National Conference on Power Transmission, as well as former chairman of the American Gear Manufacturers Association's Marketing Council and Enclosed Drive Committee, Crosher was resident engineer-North America for Thyssen Gear Works, and later at Flender Graffenstaden. He is author of the book Design and Application of the Worm Gear and longtime writer of the "Tooth Tips" column that appears each month in the pages of Gear Solutions magazine, which is published by Media Solutions, Inc. As editor I can attest to the fact that his work generates a high degree of reader response, and that he is both known and respected in the gear-manufacturing industry around the world. It is an honor to be in a position to share his knowledge and expertise with our readers, and to have the opportunity to comment on his latest professional endeavor. Russ Willcutt, Editor Gear Solutions Magazine [email protected] www.gearsolutions.com (800) 366-2185 ext. 205
Direct Gear Design
Author: Alexander L. Kapelevich
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439876185
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 319
Book Description
Over the last several decades, gearing development has focused on improvements in materials, manufacturing technology and tooling, thermal treatment, and coatings and lubricants. In contrast, gear design methods have remained frozen in time, as the vast majority of gears are designed with standard tooth proportions. This over-standardization significantly limits the potential performance of custom gear drives, especially in demanding aerospace or automotive applications. Direct Gear Design introduces an alternate gear design approach to maximize gear drive performance in custom gear applications. Developed by the author, the Direct Gear Design® method has been successfully implemented in a wide variety of custom gear transmissions over the past 30 years. The results are maximized gear drive performance, increased transmission load capacity and efficiency, and reduced size and weight. This book explains the method clearly, making it easy to apply to actual gear design. Describes the origin and theoretical foundations of the Direct Gear Design approach as well as some of its applications—and its limits Details the optimization techniques and the specifics of Direct Gear Design Discusses how this approach can be used with asymmetric gears to further improve performance Describes tolerance selection, manufacturing technologies, and measurement methods of custom gears Compares Direct Gear Design with traditional gear design from both an analytical and an experimental perspective Illustrates the applicability and benefits of this gear design approach with implementation examples Written by an engineer for engineers, this book presents a unique alternative to traditional gear design. It inspires readers to explore ways of improving gear transmission performance in custom gear applications, from higher transmission load capacity, efficiency, and reliability to lower size, weight, and cost.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439876185
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 319
Book Description
Over the last several decades, gearing development has focused on improvements in materials, manufacturing technology and tooling, thermal treatment, and coatings and lubricants. In contrast, gear design methods have remained frozen in time, as the vast majority of gears are designed with standard tooth proportions. This over-standardization significantly limits the potential performance of custom gear drives, especially in demanding aerospace or automotive applications. Direct Gear Design introduces an alternate gear design approach to maximize gear drive performance in custom gear applications. Developed by the author, the Direct Gear Design® method has been successfully implemented in a wide variety of custom gear transmissions over the past 30 years. The results are maximized gear drive performance, increased transmission load capacity and efficiency, and reduced size and weight. This book explains the method clearly, making it easy to apply to actual gear design. Describes the origin and theoretical foundations of the Direct Gear Design approach as well as some of its applications—and its limits Details the optimization techniques and the specifics of Direct Gear Design Discusses how this approach can be used with asymmetric gears to further improve performance Describes tolerance selection, manufacturing technologies, and measurement methods of custom gears Compares Direct Gear Design with traditional gear design from both an analytical and an experimental perspective Illustrates the applicability and benefits of this gear design approach with implementation examples Written by an engineer for engineers, this book presents a unique alternative to traditional gear design. It inspires readers to explore ways of improving gear transmission performance in custom gear applications, from higher transmission load capacity, efficiency, and reliability to lower size, weight, and cost.
Advances in Gear Design and Manufacture
Author: Stephen P. Radzevich
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351049828
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 571
Book Description
Advances in Gear Design and Manufacture deals with gears, gear transmissions, and advanced methods of gear production.The book is focused on discussion of the latest discoveries and accomplishments in gear design and production, with chapters written by international experts in the field. Topics are aligned to meet the requirements of the modern scientific theory of gearing, providing readers precise knowledge and recommendations on how perfect gears and gear transmissions can be designed and produced, and how they work. It explains how gears and gear transmissions can be designed to reach high a “power-to-weight” ratio, and how to design and produce compact, high-capacity gearboxes.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351049828
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 571
Book Description
Advances in Gear Design and Manufacture deals with gears, gear transmissions, and advanced methods of gear production.The book is focused on discussion of the latest discoveries and accomplishments in gear design and production, with chapters written by international experts in the field. Topics are aligned to meet the requirements of the modern scientific theory of gearing, providing readers precise knowledge and recommendations on how perfect gears and gear transmissions can be designed and produced, and how they work. It explains how gears and gear transmissions can be designed to reach high a “power-to-weight” ratio, and how to design and produce compact, high-capacity gearboxes.
Gears
Author: Vincenzo Vullo
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030386325
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 691
Book Description
This book explores the geometric and kinematic design of the various types of gears most commonly used in practical applications, also considering the problems concerning their cutting processes. The cylindrical spur and helical gears are first considered, determining their main geometric quantities in the light of interference and undercut problems, as well as the related kinematic parameters. Particular attention is paid to the profile shift of these types of gears either generated by rack-type cutter or by pinion-rack cutter. Among other things, profile-shifted toothing allows to obtain teeth shapes capable of greater strength and more balanced specific sliding, as well as to reduce the number of teeth below the minimum one to avoid the operating interference or undercut. These very important aspects of geometric-kinematic design of cylindrical spur and helical gears are then generalized and extended to the other examined types of gears most commonly used in practical applications, such as straight bevel gears; crossed helical gears; worm gears; spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Finally, ordinary gear trains, planetary gear trains and face gear drives are discussed. This is the most advanced reference guide to the state of the art in gear engineering. Topics are addressed from a theoretical standpoint, but in such a way as not to lose sight of the physical phenomena that characterize the various types of gears which are examined. The analytical and numerical solutions are formulated so as to be of interest not only to academics, but also to designers who deal with actual engineering problems concerning the gears
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030386325
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 691
Book Description
This book explores the geometric and kinematic design of the various types of gears most commonly used in practical applications, also considering the problems concerning their cutting processes. The cylindrical spur and helical gears are first considered, determining their main geometric quantities in the light of interference and undercut problems, as well as the related kinematic parameters. Particular attention is paid to the profile shift of these types of gears either generated by rack-type cutter or by pinion-rack cutter. Among other things, profile-shifted toothing allows to obtain teeth shapes capable of greater strength and more balanced specific sliding, as well as to reduce the number of teeth below the minimum one to avoid the operating interference or undercut. These very important aspects of geometric-kinematic design of cylindrical spur and helical gears are then generalized and extended to the other examined types of gears most commonly used in practical applications, such as straight bevel gears; crossed helical gears; worm gears; spiral bevel and hypoid gears. Finally, ordinary gear trains, planetary gear trains and face gear drives are discussed. This is the most advanced reference guide to the state of the art in gear engineering. Topics are addressed from a theoretical standpoint, but in such a way as not to lose sight of the physical phenomena that characterize the various types of gears which are examined. The analytical and numerical solutions are formulated so as to be of interest not only to academics, but also to designers who deal with actual engineering problems concerning the gears
Advanced Gear Manufacturing and Finishing
Author: Kapil Gupta
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012804506X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 242
Book Description
Advanced Gear Manufacturing and Finishing offers detailed coverage of advanced manufacturing technologies used in the production of gears, including new methods such as spark erosion machining, abrasive water jet machining, additive layer manufacturing, laser shaping, and sustainable manufacturing of gears. The industry in this area is constantly producing new settings where gears must endure ever increasing stresses, strains, and temperatures. Advanced methods in manufacturing, finishing, and surface property enhancement have emerged in recent years to meet these challenges. This unique book takes a critical look at the state-of-the-art research into these new methods, and the latest improvements to classic technologies in both gear manufacturing and finishing. This book is essential reading for researchers and engineers working in the fields of powertrain manufacturing, gear technology, and advanced manufacturing technologies. - Describes the machining systems, main components, and working procedures with the help of diagrams and photos. - Demonstrates the mechanisms and capabilities of new methods. - Shows improvements to a range of gear manufacturing and finishing technologies. - Provides a critical review of recent research in a range of fields relevant to gear manufacturing technologies.
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012804506X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 242
Book Description
Advanced Gear Manufacturing and Finishing offers detailed coverage of advanced manufacturing technologies used in the production of gears, including new methods such as spark erosion machining, abrasive water jet machining, additive layer manufacturing, laser shaping, and sustainable manufacturing of gears. The industry in this area is constantly producing new settings where gears must endure ever increasing stresses, strains, and temperatures. Advanced methods in manufacturing, finishing, and surface property enhancement have emerged in recent years to meet these challenges. This unique book takes a critical look at the state-of-the-art research into these new methods, and the latest improvements to classic technologies in both gear manufacturing and finishing. This book is essential reading for researchers and engineers working in the fields of powertrain manufacturing, gear technology, and advanced manufacturing technologies. - Describes the machining systems, main components, and working procedures with the help of diagrams and photos. - Demonstrates the mechanisms and capabilities of new methods. - Shows improvements to a range of gear manufacturing and finishing technologies. - Provides a critical review of recent research in a range of fields relevant to gear manufacturing technologies.
Transmission, Distribution, and Renewable Energy Generation Power Equipment
Author: Bella H. Chudnovsky
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498754775
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 678
Book Description
The revised edition presents, extends, and updates a thorough analysis of the factors that cause and accelerate the aging of conductive and insulating materials of which transmission and distribution electrical apparatus is made. New sections in the second edition summarize the issues of the aging, reliability, and safety of electrical apparatus, as well as supporting equipment in the field of generating renewable energy (solar, wind, tide, and wave power). When exposed to atmospheric corrosive gases and fluids, contaminants, high and low temperatures, vibrations, and other internal and external impacts, these systems deteriorate; eventually the ability of the apparatus to function properly is destroyed. In the modern world of "green energy", the equipment providing clean, electrical energy needs to be properly maintained in order to prevent premature failure. The book’s purpose is to help find the proper ways to slow down the aging of electrical apparatus, improve its performance, and extend the life of power generation, transmission, and distribution equipment.
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498754775
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 678
Book Description
The revised edition presents, extends, and updates a thorough analysis of the factors that cause and accelerate the aging of conductive and insulating materials of which transmission and distribution electrical apparatus is made. New sections in the second edition summarize the issues of the aging, reliability, and safety of electrical apparatus, as well as supporting equipment in the field of generating renewable energy (solar, wind, tide, and wave power). When exposed to atmospheric corrosive gases and fluids, contaminants, high and low temperatures, vibrations, and other internal and external impacts, these systems deteriorate; eventually the ability of the apparatus to function properly is destroyed. In the modern world of "green energy", the equipment providing clean, electrical energy needs to be properly maintained in order to prevent premature failure. The book’s purpose is to help find the proper ways to slow down the aging of electrical apparatus, improve its performance, and extend the life of power generation, transmission, and distribution equipment.