Follicular Regulatory T Cells and Follicular Helper T Cells: Role in HIV Pathogenesis PDF Download
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Author: Bradley Salvatore
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
The role and function of human T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells in healthy individuals are not completely understood, partly due to its previous grouping with T follicular helper (TFH) cells and partly due to the difficulty in obtaining human secondary lymphoid tissues. A majority of the studies of these two T cell subsets have been done in mice. Up to date, there are only a few studies of human TFR cells in HIV infection in the lymph nodes and the spleen, and peripheral blood TFR cells have not been well defined. The understanding of TFR cells and its phenotypic difference from TFH cells are crucial in the understanding of the humoral response against HIV and other diseases. Also, elucidating TFR cells' contribution to HIV persistence is important in the path of finding a functional cure for HIV infection. In this Master Thesis, I have examined TFH and TFR cells and their surface markers in human peripheral blood. In Chapter 2 ("Characterization of T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in HIV-Infected and non-Infected Individuals"), I investigated the phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood TFH (pTFR) and TFH (pTFH) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HIV-infected and HIV non-infected individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). pTFR cells uniquely expressed the natural T regulatory canonical marker, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), while pTFH uniquely expressed the TFH cells' master regulatory, B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6). An effective way to identify pTFH and pTFR in PBMC only using their surface markers would allow for further functional studies. Collectively, this thesis should further advance the field of basic research of T cells and the field of HIV reservoir, bringing the field closer to a functional cure of HIV Infection.
Author: Bradley Salvatore
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
The role and function of human T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells in healthy individuals are not completely understood, partly due to its previous grouping with T follicular helper (TFH) cells and partly due to the difficulty in obtaining human secondary lymphoid tissues. A majority of the studies of these two T cell subsets have been done in mice. Up to date, there are only a few studies of human TFR cells in HIV infection in the lymph nodes and the spleen, and peripheral blood TFR cells have not been well defined. The understanding of TFR cells and its phenotypic difference from TFH cells are crucial in the understanding of the humoral response against HIV and other diseases. Also, elucidating TFR cells' contribution to HIV persistence is important in the path of finding a functional cure for HIV infection. In this Master Thesis, I have examined TFH and TFR cells and their surface markers in human peripheral blood. In Chapter 2 ("Characterization of T Follicular Helper Cells and T Follicular Regulatory Cells in HIV-Infected and non-Infected Individuals"), I investigated the phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood TFH (pTFR) and TFH (pTFH) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HIV-infected and HIV non-infected individuals from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). pTFR cells uniquely expressed the natural T regulatory canonical marker, forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), while pTFH uniquely expressed the TFH cells' master regulatory, B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6). An effective way to identify pTFH and pTFR in PBMC only using their surface markers would allow for further functional studies. Collectively, this thesis should further advance the field of basic research of T cells and the field of HIV reservoir, bringing the field closer to a functional cure of HIV Infection.
Author: Georgia Fousteri
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889638472
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 349
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Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Constantinos Petrovas
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889457583
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Currently, more than 36 million people are infected with HIV. Although the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) has led to substantial advances in the clinical management of HIV infected individuals, HAART cannot completely eliminate the virus. This is because CD4 T helper cells, harboring the virus, remain dormant reservoirs. These reservoirs are difficult to measure and are present even in HAART-treated HIV infected individuals with undetectable levels of HIV in the blood. A growing body of studies has revealed follicular helper (Tfh) CD4 T cells, a highly differentiated CD4 T cell population localized in immunologically sanctuary sites (follicle/germinal center), as a major reservoir of HIV. The present Frontiers in Immunology eBook compiles 16 timely review articles focusing on the dynamics of major follicular immune cell types in HIV/SIV infection and their potential role for disease pathogenesis and the viral persistence in the lymph node. This eBook provides a comprehensive presentation of recent published work on lymph node and especially Tfh cell dynamics in HIV infection and we hope that it will be useful for our further understanding of how such dynamics affect the interplay between virus and host as well as for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets in the fight against HIV.
Author: Katherine Joy Nicholas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Author: R. Ahmed
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 754
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Book Description
Persistent Viral Infections Edited by Rafi Ahmed Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, USA and Irvin S. Y. Chen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA During the past decade much of our attention has focused on diseases associated with viral persistence. Major breakthroughs in immunology, and the advent of molecular approaches to study pathogenesis have increased our understanding of the complex virus-host interactions that occur during viral persistence. Persistent Viral Infections focuses on: * The pathogenesis and immunology of chronic infections * Animal models that provide, or have the potential to provide, major insights This volume will be essential reading for virologists, immunologists, oncologists and neurologists.
Author: Miyuki Azuma
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9813297174
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
This book equips young immunologists and health professionals with a clear understanding of the fundamental concepts and roles of co-signal molecules and in addition presents the latest information on co-stimulation. The first part of the book is devoted to co-signal molecules and the regulation of T cells. Following an initial overview, subsequent chapters examine each co-signal molecule in turn and discuss the mechanisms by which co-signal molecules regulate the different types of T cell. The second part covers various clinical applications, including in autoimmune disease, neurological disorders, transplantation, graft-versus-host disease, and cancer immunotherapy. To date, co-stimulation blockade and co-inhibition blockade have shown beneficial effects and many additional clinical trials targeting co-signal molecules are ongoing. The mechanisms underlying these successful treatments are explained and the future therapeutic potential in the aforementioned diseases is evaluated. Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation will be a valuable reference guide to co-stimulation for basic and clinical researchers in the fields of both immunology and pharmaceutical science.
Author: Anthony S. Fauci
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642608671
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 159
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Book Description
During the last 5 years, major advances have been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and in the development of new potent antiviral agents. With regard to HIV pathogenesis, several recent observations have not only changed our perspectives of HIV disease, but have been critical for the design of therapeutic strategies.
Author: Gheorghita Isvoranu
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535133438
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
This book represents a synergic effort of an international team of specialists in immunology to expand the scientific achievements in the field of lymphocytes. It offers important and specific updated information to researchers, students, teachers, and medical professionals. Moreover, considering the remarkable dynamics of immunology and immunotherapy, this book "Lymphocyte Updates - Cancer, Autoimmunity, and Infection" aims to represent a significant source of concise scientific data and advancement of knowledge in this field. The chapters offer new insights into the latest scientific progress on lymphocyte roles in protective immunity, as well as their involvement in pathogenesis of various disorders.
Author: Thomas J. Hope
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781461496106
Category : AIDS (Disease)
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Hiroshi Kiyono
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080537057
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 501
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Book Description
This comprehensive, authoritative treatise covers all aspects of mucosal vaccines including their development, mechanisms of action, molecular/cellular aspects, and practical applications. The contributing authors and editors of this one-of-a-kind book are very well known in their respective fields. Mucosal Vaccines is organized in a unique format in which basic, clinical, and practical aspects of the mucosal immune system for vaccine development are described and discussed. This project is endorsed by the Society for Mucosal Immunology. - Provides the latest views on mucosal vaccines - Applies basic principles to the development of new vaccines - Links basic, clinical, and practical aspects of mucosal vaccines to different infectious diseases - Unique and user-friendly organization
