Fluid Transport Properties of Rock Fractures at High Pressure and Temperature. Progress Report, July 1, 1978--June 30, 1979. [Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, July 1, 1978--June 30, 1979]. PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Accomplishments during the first 30 months of work on the fluid transport properties of rock fractures at high pressure are discussed in detail in this report and by Kranz et. al in Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. (1979). The following results are discussed in this report. Fracture permeability is highly sensitive to initial surface roughness. Changes in permeability are found to be proportional to (BdP/sub f/ - adP/sub c/), where b/a
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Languages : en
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Accomplishments during the first 30 months of work on the fluid transport properties of rock fractures at high pressure are discussed in detail in this report and by Kranz et. al in Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. (1979). The following results are discussed in this report. Fracture permeability is highly sensitive to initial surface roughness. Changes in permeability are found to be proportional to (BdP/sub f/ - adP/sub c/), where b/a
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Languages : en
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The permeability of whole and jointed Barre granite was measured at pressures up to 2 kilobars. Jointed samples were actually split cylinders joined by surfaces with controlled surface roughness. Samples with induced tension fractures were also measured. The permeability of the whole rock ranged from about 10−6 to 10−7 darcies. The permeability of the jointed rock ranged from about 8 x 10−5 darcies at low pressure down to that of the whole rock at high pressures. Permeability was not a simple function of the difference between external confining pressure (P/sub c/) and internal fluid pressure (P/sub f/). Changes in permeability were found to be proportional to (b dP/sub f/ - a dP/sub c/) where b/a is less than 1 for the jointed rock and b/a is approximately 1 for whole rock. The order of application of P/sub c/ and P/sub f/ was also important. Permeability hysteresis and an ultimate decrease in permeability in both whole and jointed rock resulted when internal fluid pressure was cycled. This effect seems to diminish with increasing confining pressure. At a particular P/sub c/, the volume flow rate, q, is proportional to (P/sub c/ - P/sub f/)/sup -n/. Increasing the surface roughness of the joints decreased the value of n, which was smallest for the tension fracture and the whole rock.
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Languages : en
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Flow rates and thus permeability were measured for a variety of effective pressures on artificially prepared joints in Cheshire quartzite. Permeabilities calculated from constant head tests compare with permeabilities calculated from pulse decay tests. Measurement of the change in aperture with effective pressure shows that at effective pressures of less than 20 MPa changes in confining pressure have a larger influence on the aperture than changes in pore pressure. Joint permeability changes with aperture; thus changes in confining pressure are more influential on permeability than changes in pore pressure. Although a cubic law model for flow along a joint gives a rough estimate of joint permeability, measurements of the changes in flow rate with aperture suggest that the cubic law is inadequate for smooth joints at high pressure. This is so because the effective cross section available for flow changes with pressure in a nonlinear manner.
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Category : Rocks
Languages : en
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Languages : en
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Initial stages of a study on the fluid transport properties of rock at high pressure and temperature are reported. Emphasis is placed on the mechanical hydraulic interactions, in an attempt to clarify the process of fracture closure and its influence on fracture permeability. To determine the fluid transport properties of a fracture, the effect of surface roughness, geometry, and filling on fracture permeability was investigated. Permeability of these fractures was measured at various effective normal stresses at room temperature. The law of effective stress appears valid for fractures without filling but permeability of filled fractures is more sensitive to confining pressure than pore pressure. Permeability of smooth surfaces varied 5 to 0.5 darcys over a range of effective stresses from 0 to 3000 bars. Filled fractures were an order of magnitude more permeable.
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Languages : en
Pages : 906
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Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 944
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Languages : en
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When rock is subjected to a stress cycle during which cracks open and close, hysteresis is observed in the stress-strain curves, which has usually been attributed to friction. Scanning electron microscope studies, however, have shown that shear cracks are scarce in rock that has been deformed in the dilatant region. Stevens and Holcomb (1980) and Holcomb and Stevens (1980) have argued further that crack friction models are incompatible with the rheology of dilatant rock and are virtually untenable. They asserted instead that cracks are reversible in the sense of the Griffith energy balance. Here we demonstrate that two nominally flat rock surfaces in contact subject to a cycle of applied normal stress exhibit all the properties of crack opening, closing, and hysteresis exhibited by a dilatant rock and that in this case the mechanism must be friction. It is concluded that an axial crack in dilatant rock will exhibit frictional interactions on opening or closing if the crack walls are not in perfect registration, and that there is no justification for accepting the reversible Griffith crack concept.
Author: Kim Kastens
Publisher: NSTA Press
ISBN: 1936137569
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 213
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Teachers of Earth and environmental sciences in grades 8OCo12 will welcome this activity book centered on six OC data puzzlesOCO that foster critical-thinking skills in students and support science and math standards. Earth Science Puzzles presents professionally gathered Earth science dataOCoincluding graphs, maps, tables, images, and narrativesOCoand asks students to step into scientistsOCO shoes to use temporal, spatial, quantitative, and concept-based reasoning to draw inferences from the data."
