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Author: Irene Hsu Chen
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321649031
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Designs derived from nature have become a perfect blueprint for today's engineers and scientists to follow and implement. One particularly noted area is the defense industry, wherein flexible dermal armor inspired by nature has been pioneering many sophisticated technologies and designs in recent years. Designers today are considering borrowing aspects of flexibility and mobility of natural dermal armors to enhance the maneuverability of man-made armor by imitating the following mechanisms : (1) 3D interlocking; (2) interconnectivity; (3) hierarchical structure; (4) structural toughening mechanisms. The motive of this research is to examine the flexible dermal armors that Mother Nature has offered. The innate structure and mechanical properties of osteoderms in the following animals have been investigated: armadillo, alligator, and leatherback sea turtle. All these animals have one commonality: they have bony plates embedded in their soft shell that make their skin flexible and compliant while also offering protection. Each of these animals has its own unique way with associated functional mechanisms to achieve this. First, the armadillo uses a flexible biological material, collagen, to connect the bony plates and to provide flexibility. Second, the osteoderms of an alligator have bone-toughening mechanisms to reinforce themselves from a predator's attack. Third, the leatherback sea turtle exhibits a zigzag suture design that incorporates interlocking methods into its armor that enables it to dive deep into the ocean (depth of 1200 meters). Mechanical tests, characterization, and analysis were performed to identify the principal mechanisms that provide both toughness and flexibility in the three different dermal armors. The damage mechanisms are connected to the microstructural characteristics. The toughness and flexibility of the natural designs were found to be quite remarkable.
Author: Irene Hsu Chen
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321649031
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140
Get Book Here
Book Description
Designs derived from nature have become a perfect blueprint for today's engineers and scientists to follow and implement. One particularly noted area is the defense industry, wherein flexible dermal armor inspired by nature has been pioneering many sophisticated technologies and designs in recent years. Designers today are considering borrowing aspects of flexibility and mobility of natural dermal armors to enhance the maneuverability of man-made armor by imitating the following mechanisms : (1) 3D interlocking; (2) interconnectivity; (3) hierarchical structure; (4) structural toughening mechanisms. The motive of this research is to examine the flexible dermal armors that Mother Nature has offered. The innate structure and mechanical properties of osteoderms in the following animals have been investigated: armadillo, alligator, and leatherback sea turtle. All these animals have one commonality: they have bony plates embedded in their soft shell that make their skin flexible and compliant while also offering protection. Each of these animals has its own unique way with associated functional mechanisms to achieve this. First, the armadillo uses a flexible biological material, collagen, to connect the bony plates and to provide flexibility. Second, the osteoderms of an alligator have bone-toughening mechanisms to reinforce themselves from a predator's attack. Third, the leatherback sea turtle exhibits a zigzag suture design that incorporates interlocking methods into its armor that enables it to dive deep into the ocean (depth of 1200 meters). Mechanical tests, characterization, and analysis were performed to identify the principal mechanisms that provide both toughness and flexibility in the three different dermal armors. The damage mechanisms are connected to the microstructural characteristics. The toughness and flexibility of the natural designs were found to be quite remarkable.
Author: Sean S. Ghods
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Elasmoid fish scales serve as a dermal armor and are a marvelous example of a biological composite in Nature that exhibits exceptional mechanical behavior. Their hierarchical microstructure consists of two distinct and primary regions across the thickness. The outermost layer is known as the limiting layer (LL) and consists of calcium deficient apatite and discrete, sparsely distributed collagen fibers. The second layer is the elasmodine and consists of lamella of uniaxially aligned collagen fibrils with significantly lower mineral content. As collagen is the major constituent of fish scales, they would be expected to exhibit a high degree of strain rate sensitivity. Therefore, an experimental evaluation of the strain rate sensitivity of elasmodine fish scales was conducted in uniaxial tension and transverse puncture loading arrangements. It is shown that across a broad range of strain rates in tension, from 104̄ to 102 s1̄, and ramp rates in transverse puncture, from 0.05 to 50 mm/s, the scales have an exponent for the toughness of 0.10 and 0.35, respectively. The mechanics of collagen depend heavily on intermolecular bonding. Based on their high collagen content, hydrogen bonding can extend across fibrils and interfaces of the lamellae. Thus, a polar solvent (ethanol) was introduced to scales to change the interface bonding and evaluate its effects on the scale’s mechanical behavior. In addition to the strain rate sensitivity, exposure of the scales to ethanol invoked significant increases in the elastic modulus, strength, and toughness across all loading rates. The largest increase noted was a 7X increase in the work to failure for transverse puncture loading. In an effort to apply these findings towards the development of new armors, novel “first-generation” composites were developed with features of the fish scale microstructure. Specifically, fibrous ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites were fabricated using Dyneema as a platform and reinforced selectively with alumina particles. The experimental materials were evaluated in the same transverse puncture loading format. The addition of alumina powder to the polymer fiber composite resulted in increases across the performance metrics measured, but not yet to the level achieved by the scales. These results show promise and merit further investigation in the development of composites that draw inspiration from natural dermal armor.
Author: Anqi Lin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 33
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Book Description
For the purpose of providing protection against potential environmental and physical threats, many animal species have developed hierarchical and heterogeneous biological materials. In turn, scientists and engineers have been inspired by the design of these biological materials and are working to apply this knowledge to develop “biologically inspired” engineered materials and structures. For example, puncture resistant materials are developed to provide protection against needles, thorns and other sharp objects, which may pierce soft flesh. Many natural armors are designed to have high puncture resistance and high flexibility. Unfortunately, these two properties are usually hard to achieve at the same time since most hard materials are also very stiff. In this study, we evaluate the puncture resistance and flexibility of fish scale structures. Elasmoid fish scales possess a unique balance of stiffness, strength and low weight to provide protection against predators and not interfere with locomotion. In this investigation the biological design of fish scales is dissected and then applied to pursue improved material designs for puncture resistant gloves.
Author: R. Velmurugan
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9819960304
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 537
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Book Description
This book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Plasticity and Impact Mechanics (IMPLAST) 2022, which was held at Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, to commemorate the 80th birthday of Prof. N K Gupta, IIT, Delhi. It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of the state-of-the-art research and development in diverse areas, such as constitutive relations, theories of plasticity, stress waves in solids, earthquake loading, high-speed impact problems, fire and blast loading, structural crashworthiness and failure, mechanics of penetration and perforation, among others. The contents focus on aspects of large deformations and failure of materials, including metals, composites, cellular, geomaterials, or concrete, and structures resulting from quasi-static earthquake, fire, impact, or blast loading. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals working in academia and industry in the areas of mechanical, materials, and aerospace engineering.
Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
ISBN: 1490109609
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 946
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Book Description
Issues in Geology and Mineralogy / 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Hydrometallurgy. The editors have built Issues in Geology and Mineralogy: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Hydrometallurgy in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Geology and Mineralogy: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Author: Wole Soboyejo
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107015588
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
Human cortical bone as a structural material : Hierarchical design and biological degradation / Robert Ritchie and Elizabeth A. Zimmermann -- Bio-inspiration from nacre / Nima Rahbar and Sina Askarinejad -- Bio-inspiration from bamboo / Ting Tan and Wole Soboyejo.
Author: Marc André Meyers
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 113995220X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 647
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Book Description
Taking a unique materials science approach, this text introduces students to the basic concepts and applications of materials and biomedical engineering and prepares them for the challenges of the new interdisciplinary field of biomaterials science. Split into three sections - Basic Biology Principles, Biological Materials, and Bioinspired Materials and Biomimetics - it presents biological materials along with the structural and functional classification of biopolymers, bioelastomers, foams, and ceramic composites. More traditional biomimetic designs such as Velcro are then discussed in conjunction with new developments that mimic the structure of biological materials at the molecular level, mixing nanoscale with biomolecular designs. Bioinspired design of materials and structures is also covered. Focused presentations of biomaterials are presented throughout the text in succinct boxes, emphasising biomedical applications, whilst the basic principles of biology are explained, so no prior knowledge is required. The topics are supported by approximately 500 illustrations, solved problems, and end-of-chapter exercises.
Author: Frank Boehm
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0849374987
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 783
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Book Description
Nanomedical Device and Systems Design: Challenges, Possibilities, Visions serves as a preliminary guide toward the inspiration of specific investigative pathways that may lead to meaningful discourse and significant advances in nanomedicine/nanotechnology. This volume considers the potential of future innovations that will involve nanomedical devices and systems. It endeavors to explore remarkable possibilities spanning medical diagnostics, therapeutics, and other advancements that may be enabled within this discipline. In particular, this book investigates just how nanomedical diagnostic and therapeutic devices and systems might ultimately be designed and engineered to accurately diagnose and eradicate pathogens, toxins, and myriad disease states. This text utilizes an author conceptualized exemplar nanodevice and system, the Vascular Cartographic Scanning Nanodevice (VCSN), to explore various prospective design considerations that might facilitate and enable selected functionalities of advanced autonomous nanomedical devices. It showcases a diverse group of expert contributing authors, who describe actual laboratory-based research aimed at the advancement of nanomedical capabilities. It also articulates more highly conceptual nanomedical possibilities and visions relating to the implementation of nanomedical technologies in remote regions and the developing world, as well as nanomedicine in space applications, human augmentation, and longevity. Investigates nanomedical diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that might be applied in remote regions and the developing world Discusses how nanomedicine might be utilized in space applications, inclusive of spacesuits, spacecraft, future human habitats on the Moon and Mars, and deep space Covers how nanomedicine may be implemented in selected forms of human augmentation and toward the potentially radical extension of the human life span This book benefits undergraduate and graduate students who are studying nanotechnology/nanomedicine, as well as medical administrative, scientific research, and manufacturing professionals in this industry.
Author: Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0323904785
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 966
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Book Description
Protective Textiles from Natural Resources provides systematic coverage of the fundamentals, production methods, processing techniques, characterization techniques, properties and applications of natural textile products for protective purposes. The subject of this book is an important kind of technical textile designed to protect the wearer from injuries, illness and death. They offer enhanced protection against phenomena including heat, cold, flame, chemical, biological, nuclear agents, radiation, disaster and even ballistics. As no single type of clothing can be adequate for all kinds of protection, extensive research is carried out to develop protective clothing for specialized civilian and military applications. The latest research on the use of natural fibres in PPE is also covered, which could make a significant contribution to the fight against the spread of COVID-19. This comprehensive guide explores a wide variety of themes from material processing and design to finished products, through protection against specific hazards to specific applications, including all significant new developments on natural materials for protective textiles. Explains the latest technologies related to fibre extraction from natural sources, chemical treatments, weave constructions, fabric finishes and coatings. Includes the latest research on natural fibers in personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect wearers from bacterial and viral contamination. Explains the state of the art in testing methods and standards for protective clothing.
Author: Shahid Ul Islam
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323998348
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
Advances in Healthcare and Protective Textiles addresses technologies that have had a major impact in industry for decades, but which are currently attracting unprecedented attention due to their applications in the fight against the Coronavirus epidemic. Recent advances in textile technology have opened new possibilities for textile researchers and scientists in antiviral textiles, flame-retardant textiles, antimicrobial textiles, insect repellent textiles, breathable medical textiles, aroma-protective textiles, high tech-textiles, smart textiles, nano textiles, and more. This book provides systematic and comprehensive coverage of cutting-edge research and developments on material design, methodologies, characterizations, processes, properties and applications of medical healthcare and protective textiles. In addition, sections pay special attention to advanced fabrication methodologies and materials used in apparel engineering. Provides a thorough review of recent advances in personal protective equipment (PPE) design and manufacture in response to the requirements of the fight against Coronavirus Gives advice on improving sustainability through the use of reusable and recyclable medical textiles Explores innovative materials like biopolymers and their applications in medical textiles
