First Direct Observation of Muon Antineutrino Disappearance

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This letter reports the first direct observation of muon antineutrino disappearance. The MINOS experiment has taken data with an accelerator beam optimized for {bar [nu]}{sub {mu}} production, accumulating an exposure of 1.71 x 102° protons on target. In the Far Detector, 97 charged current {bar {nu}}{sub {mu}} events are observed. The no-oscillation hypothesis predicts 156 events and is excluded at 6.3[sigma]. The best fit to oscillation yields.