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Languages : en
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Dosimetry measurements and calibrations have been made at the University of Washington's Fast Neutron Medical Research Facility. The facility is designed to deliver localized neutron doses of a few rads to the testes of volunteer subjects at 2.5 MeV and 14 MeV. Dose measurements were based on the use of tissue equivalent ion chambers. Dosimetry and shielding measurements show that doses accurate to +-10% can be delivered to the volume of interest while maintaining safe dose levels outside the shield and to other portions of the subject. 10 references, 9 figures, 3 tables.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Dosimetry measurements and calibrations have been made at the University of Washington's Fast Neutron Medical Research Facility. The facility is designed to deliver localized neutron doses of a few rads to the testes of volunteer subjects at 2.5 MeV and 14 MeV. Dose measurements were based on the use of tissue equivalent ion chambers. Dosimetry and shielding measurements show that doses accurate to +-10% can be delivered to the volume of interest while maintaining safe dose levels outside the shield and to other portions of the subject. 10 references, 9 figures, 3 tables.
Author: John W. Baum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Drugs
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Radiation dosimetry for Neutron Capture Therapy (NCT) has been performed since 1959 at Thermal Neutron Irradiation Facility (TNIF) of the three-megawatt light-water cooled Brookhaven Medical Research Reactor (BMRR). In the early 1990s when more effective drug carriers were developed for NCT, in which the eye melanoma and brain tumors in rats were irradiated in situ, extensive clinical trials of small animals began using a focused thermal neutron beam. To improve the dosimetry at irradiation facility, a series of innovative designs and major modifications made to enhance the beam intensity and to ease the experimental sampling at BMRR were performed; including (1) in-core fuel addition to increase source strength and balance flux of neutrons towards two ports, (2) out of core moderator remodeling, done by replacing thicker D2O tanks at graphite-shutter interfacial areas, to expedite neutron thermalization, (3) beam shutter upgrade to reduce strayed neutrons and gamma dose, (4) beam collimator redesign to optimize the beam flux versus dose for animal treatment, (5) beam port shielding installation around the shutter opening area (lithium-6 enriched polyester-resin in boxes, attached with polyethylene plates) to reduce prompt gamma and fast neutron doses, (6) sample holder repositioning to optimize angle versus distance for a single organ or whole body irradiation, and (7) holder wall buildup with neutron reflector materials to increase dose and dose rate from scattered thermal neutrons. During the facility upgrade, reactor dosimetry was conducted using thermoluminescent dosimeters TLD for gamma dose estimate, using ion chambers to confirm fast neutron and gamma dose rate, and by the activation of gold-foils with and without cadmium-covers, for fast and thermal neutron flux determination. Based on the combined effect from the size and depth of tumor cells and the location and geometry of dosimeters, the measured flux from cadmium-difference method was 4 - 7 % lower than the statistical mean derived from the Monte-Carlo modeling (5% uncertainty). The dose rate measured by ion chambers was 6 - 10 % lower than the output tallies (7% uncertainty). The detailed dosimetry that was performed at the TNIF for the NCT will be described.
Author: H. H. Yoshikawa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical dosimetry
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Author: G. W. Barendsen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483189082
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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High-LET Radiations in Clinical Radiotherapy covers the proceedings of the 3rd Meeting on Fundamental and Practical Aspects of the Application of Fast Neutrons and other High-LET Particles in Clinical Radiotherapy. The title presents papers that report the experiences in utilizing High-LET radiations in clinical radiotherapy. The coverage of the text includes observations on the reactions of normal and malignant tissues to a standard dose; and clinical observations of early and late normal tissue injury and tumor control in patients receiving fast neutron irradiation. The selection also covers results of fast neutron radiotherapy at Amsterdam; and results of clinical applications with fast neutrons in Edinburgh. The book will be of great use to students and practitioners of medical technology.
Author: David K. Bewley
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780852740934
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Over fifty years have passed since the first patient was treated with fast neutrons, but this form of therapy is still a matter of bitter dispute. Neutron generators have been installed in many countries and now patients can be treated with equipment that is technically similar to modern megavoltage x-ray equipment. The Physics and Radiobiology of Fast Neutron Beams presents a full discussion of the physical and radiobiological factors governing the production and use of fast neutron beams for therapy. The book discusses vastly improved neutron generators, advances in the standardization of dosimetric methods, and the specification of radiation quality. In addition, it explores nuclear methods of analysis, particularly neutron activation analysis in vivo. Influencing the place of radiotherapy with neutrons and other heavy particles, the radiobiological factors governing the treatment of cancer with radiation are examined. The author also studies the radiation hazard of neutrons, a matter of importance in the use of neutrons for chemical analysis in vivo. The Physics and Radiobiology of Fast Neutron Beams will be a valuable introduction to the subject for radiotherapists, medical physicists, radiographers, and radiobiologists new to the field. The book is also a useful summary of current knowledge for those already established in the use of fast neutrons for medical purposes.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Neutrons
Languages : en
Pages : 638
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Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The fast neutron spectrum of the Coupled Fast Reactivity Measurements Facility (CFRMF) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) is being used to study and standardize fast reactor neutron dosimetry materials and methods. The CFRMF has been designated a ''benchmark experiment'' to test the cross section data of dosimetry materials as well as other materials used and produced in fast reactors. Information about the neutron energy spectrum of the CFRMF is presented. (auth).
Author: National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Neutrons
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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