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Author: Yunkai Luo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The advancement of battery technology not only enables the creation of lighter and more durable electronic devices and long-range, long-life electric vehicles but also enhances the efficiency of sustainable clean energy storage, thereby mitigating the climate crisis of global warming. In 2019, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) technology was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, recognizing its significant improvement in our lives, and bringing us a rechargeable green world. The overarching research theme in this dissertation is the development of the next generation of electrochemical energy storage devices that provide high-capacity and can be fast-charged. This development requires the exploration of innovative fast-charging battery electrodes, which are the critical component that enables the battery to supply power rapidly. The bronze phase materials investigated in this dissertation meet this criterion as they contain large lithium-ion diffusion channels which enable fast-charging anode materials for LIBs. Comparative electrochemical studies conducted for bronze phase materials with the same stoichiometry, but different compositions (Mo3Nb2O14 vs W3Nb2O14), offer valuable insights into the design of next-generation, fast-charging materials for LIBs. A second material system, Mo4O11, also possesses properties appropriate for a fast-charging anode material for LIBs. Although the original open structure of Mo4O11 was altered during the first lithiation process, the newly formed layer-like structure was able to achieve both high capacity and fast-charging capability. These studies show that designing materials with rapid ion diffusion pathways and selecting transition metals with multielectron redox capability offer a promising way for simultaneously achieving both high energy and power density in next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices. Another important consideration which plays a vital role in obtaining high-performance batteries is the structure of the electrode. With the increase of mass loading or thickness of tape-cast electrodes, the energy density of batteries is enhanced due to the incorporation of more active materials. However, above a certain thickness, the increasing tortuosity of both ion and electron transport in traditional tape-cast electrodes compromises the power and offsets the benefits of increasing the amount of active material. Leveraging 3D printing technology, it is possible to design intricate 3D electrode structures that establish macroscopic ion-diffusion pathways, thereby breaking the limits achieved with thick tape-cast electrodes. The approach taken in this dissertation is based on obtaining ultra-high mass loading of manganese dioxide (MnO2) on 3D-printed graphene aerogel (3D MnO2/GA) electrodes. For these studies, sodium-ion batteries (SIB) were investigated as the combination of earth-abundant, high mass loading of MnO2 and sodium-ion battery technology creates a cost-effective solution for fulfilling the increasing demands of grid-level energy storage. An ether-based electrolyte was shown to improve the cycling stability of MnO2 compared to several other non-aqueous electrolytes. The feasibility of this approach to obtain both excellent areal energy and power density was demonstrated using a high mass loading TiO2-MnO2 sodium ion battery. The results of this research not only underscore the significance of using 3D-printed electrodes to achieve high energy and fast-charging next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices, but also the use of 3D-printed electrodes to achieve the high mass loading desired for reducing the manufacturing costs for batteries. A related research topic on the properties of pseudocapacitive vanadium dioxide (VO2) with 3D printed graphene aerogel scaffold was designed to evaluate the scalability of 3D electrode structures. The areal capacity of 3D VO2/GA was found to scale with the increase of both mass loading and electrode thickness with only minor sacrifice of gravimetric capacity. The device level scalability of 3D electrodes and the feasibility of using thick 3D electrodes in a commercial electrochemical energy storage device was demonstrated using a pseudo-solid silica-based ionogel material. The resulting sodium metal battery demonstrated scalable areal energy density using a coin cell. The results of this dissertation, which include both the design of advanced electrode materials and development of 3D electrodes, provide a basis for the development of the next generation of electrochemical energy storage devices that exhibit high-capacity and fast-charging.
Author: Yunkai Luo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The advancement of battery technology not only enables the creation of lighter and more durable electronic devices and long-range, long-life electric vehicles but also enhances the efficiency of sustainable clean energy storage, thereby mitigating the climate crisis of global warming. In 2019, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) technology was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, recognizing its significant improvement in our lives, and bringing us a rechargeable green world. The overarching research theme in this dissertation is the development of the next generation of electrochemical energy storage devices that provide high-capacity and can be fast-charged. This development requires the exploration of innovative fast-charging battery electrodes, which are the critical component that enables the battery to supply power rapidly. The bronze phase materials investigated in this dissertation meet this criterion as they contain large lithium-ion diffusion channels which enable fast-charging anode materials for LIBs. Comparative electrochemical studies conducted for bronze phase materials with the same stoichiometry, but different compositions (Mo3Nb2O14 vs W3Nb2O14), offer valuable insights into the design of next-generation, fast-charging materials for LIBs. A second material system, Mo4O11, also possesses properties appropriate for a fast-charging anode material for LIBs. Although the original open structure of Mo4O11 was altered during the first lithiation process, the newly formed layer-like structure was able to achieve both high capacity and fast-charging capability. These studies show that designing materials with rapid ion diffusion pathways and selecting transition metals with multielectron redox capability offer a promising way for simultaneously achieving both high energy and power density in next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices. Another important consideration which plays a vital role in obtaining high-performance batteries is the structure of the electrode. With the increase of mass loading or thickness of tape-cast electrodes, the energy density of batteries is enhanced due to the incorporation of more active materials. However, above a certain thickness, the increasing tortuosity of both ion and electron transport in traditional tape-cast electrodes compromises the power and offsets the benefits of increasing the amount of active material. Leveraging 3D printing technology, it is possible to design intricate 3D electrode structures that establish macroscopic ion-diffusion pathways, thereby breaking the limits achieved with thick tape-cast electrodes. The approach taken in this dissertation is based on obtaining ultra-high mass loading of manganese dioxide (MnO2) on 3D-printed graphene aerogel (3D MnO2/GA) electrodes. For these studies, sodium-ion batteries (SIB) were investigated as the combination of earth-abundant, high mass loading of MnO2 and sodium-ion battery technology creates a cost-effective solution for fulfilling the increasing demands of grid-level energy storage. An ether-based electrolyte was shown to improve the cycling stability of MnO2 compared to several other non-aqueous electrolytes. The feasibility of this approach to obtain both excellent areal energy and power density was demonstrated using a high mass loading TiO2-MnO2 sodium ion battery. The results of this research not only underscore the significance of using 3D-printed electrodes to achieve high energy and fast-charging next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices, but also the use of 3D-printed electrodes to achieve the high mass loading desired for reducing the manufacturing costs for batteries. A related research topic on the properties of pseudocapacitive vanadium dioxide (VO2) with 3D printed graphene aerogel scaffold was designed to evaluate the scalability of 3D electrode structures. The areal capacity of 3D VO2/GA was found to scale with the increase of both mass loading and electrode thickness with only minor sacrifice of gravimetric capacity. The device level scalability of 3D electrodes and the feasibility of using thick 3D electrodes in a commercial electrochemical energy storage device was demonstrated using a pseudo-solid silica-based ionogel material. The resulting sodium metal battery demonstrated scalable areal energy density using a coin cell. The results of this dissertation, which include both the design of advanced electrode materials and development of 3D electrodes, provide a basis for the development of the next generation of electrochemical energy storage devices that exhibit high-capacity and fast-charging.
Author: Danielle Butts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 203
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Book Description
With climate change upon us, the development of energy storage technologies to increase the integration of renewable energy systems is critical. Thus, a variety of energy storage systems are required to meet the wide array of demands from grid-level storage to high-power, fast-charging electric vehicles. This dissertation presents the introduction of novel Li- and Na-ion chemistries and materials systems for energy storage (Chapter 3 and 5) and demonstrates further development of full-cell chemistries for industrial applications (Chapter 4). In Chapter 3, we present a method for high-power electrode development from high ionic conductivity solid-state electrolytes in a model Na-ion system: Na-[beta] alumina (NBA). The substitution of a redox active ion, Fe, for Al within the NBA structure enabled development of a high-power Na-ion battery electrode with 75% capacity retention at a 20C-rate. This work demonstrates a new avenue for materials research development in high-power materials design and improved interface compatibility of electrodes with solid state electrolytes. In Chapter 4, we present high-power Li-ion devices, which can deliver charge in a matter of minutes instead of hours, that could transform the electric vehicle market as well as consumer electronics and 'internet-of-things' (IOT) devices. The Nb2O5-based devices demonstrate the advantage of pseudocapacitive materials, those with capacitor-like kinetics, in full-cell battery systems. Energy storage devices with the demonstrated power-density capabilities are necessary to realize the clean energy goals of the upcoming decades and mark a significant step from lab-scale to practical applications. Finally, in Chapter 5, a combination of high-power and high-energy is demonstrated in amorphous sulfides: a-WSx and a-TaSy. This is the first demonstration to date of high-power, amorphous materials for energy storage with evidence of multielectron, anionic redox. The development of amorphous sulfide materials highlights the advantage of amorphous over crystalline structures for multielectron, anionic redox reversibility as well as the importance of local atomic ordering compared with long-range order for fast charging capabilities. Taken together, the work presented here delivers pathways for future materials development and design in Na- and Li-ion battery systems from fundamental materials properties for high energy and high power to full-cell, prototype devices.
Author: Anurag Gaur
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000470512
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Book Description
This book presents a state-of-the-art overview of the research and development in designing electrode and electrolyte materials for Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors. Further, green energy production via the water splitting approach by the hydroelectric cell is also explored. Features include: • Provides details on the latest trends in design and optimization of electrode and electrolyte materials with key focus on enhancement of energy storage and conversion device performance • Focuses on existing nanostructured electrodes and polymer electrolytes for device fabrication, as well as new promising research routes toward the development of new materials for improving device performance • Features a dedicated chapter that explores electricity generation by dissociating water through hydroelectric cells, which are a nontoxic and green source of energy production • Describes challenges and offers a vision for next-generation devices This book is beneficial for advanced students and professionals working in energy storage across the disciplines of physics, materials science, chemistry, and chemical engineering. It is also a valuable reference for manufacturers of electrode/electrolyte materials for energy storage devices and hydroelectric cells.
Author: Yuxin Tang
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889635694
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Book Description
Author: Mesfin A. Kebede
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000457869
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 518
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Book Description
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and materials used in electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, including lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, zinc-ion batteries, supercapacitors and conversion materials for solar and fuel cells. Chapters introduce the technologies behind each material, in addition to the fundamental principles of the devices, and their wider impact and contribution to the field. This book will be an ideal reference for researchers and individuals working in industries based on energy storage and conversion technologies across physics, chemistry and engineering. FEATURES Edited by established authorities, with chapter contributions from subject-area specialists Provides a comprehensive review of the field Up to date with the latest developments and research Editors Dr. Mesfin A. Kebede obtained his PhD in Metallurgical Engineering from Inha University, South Korea. He is now a principal research scientist at Energy Centre of Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South Africa. He was previously an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science at Hawassa University, Ethiopia. His extensive research experience covers the use of electrode materials for energy storage and energy conversion. Prof. Fabian I. Ezema is a professor at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He obtained his PhD in Physics and Astronomy from University of Nigeria, Nsukka. His research focuses on several areas of materials science with an emphasis on energy applications, specifically electrode materials for energy conversion and storage.
Author: Jean-Marie Tarascon
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118998146
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
The electrochemical storage of energy has become essential in assisting the development of electrical transport and use of renewable energies. French researchers have played a key role in this domain but Asia is currently the market leader. Not wanting to see history repeat itself, France created the research network on electrochemical energy storage (RS2E) in 2011. This book discusses the launch of RS2E, its stakeholders, objectives, and integrated structure that assures a continuum between basic research, technological research and industries. Here, the authors will cover the technological advances as well as the challenges that must still be resolved in the field of electrochemical storage, taking into account sustainable development and the limited time available to us.
Author: Li Shen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 199
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Book Description
The extensive utilization of fossil fuels since 2nd industry revolution bears a major responsibility for climate change. The raising awareness towards sustainable and renewable energy supply calls for game-changing research and progress in field of electrochemical energy storage, among which lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is of particular interest. The developments of LIBs, in conjunction with the revolutions in the area of semiconductor and information technologies, have triggered the rapid growth of portable electronics and electric vehicles. Particularly, the transition of gasoline-powered automobiles to electrification ones requires better LIBs with higher energy density, faster charging rate, cheaper cost and longer-lasting lifetime. To achieve the goals, it is essential to rethink and closely examine the fundamental electrochemistry beneath the conversion between electricity and chemical reactions. The operation of batteries relies on the separation of electrons and ions in electrodes, and their subsequent respective translocation through the electronic pathways and the electrolytes. The electronic conductivity of electrodes has been improved by rational architecture design and incorporation of conductive agents. While optimizing ionic transport is more challenging since the electrode-electrolyte interface is dynamic during cycling. Variation of electrolytes would not only impact the electrochemical reactions in electrodes, but also the ohmic and concentration polarizations throughout the devices. Therefore, advances in electrolyte are vital for driving innovations in battery technologies. Commercial liquid electrolytes, which are based on ion diffusion in fluidic medium, have merit in ionic conductivity. However, its suitability for next-generation LIBs is under dispute. Firstly, the Li+ transference number, defined as the ratio of conductivity carried by Li+ versus by Li+ and counter anions, is typically as low as 0.3, indicating an inferior transport efficiency. Such scenario is responsible for severe polarization and deterioration of the cycling life, particularly, during fast charging/discharging process. Second, liquid electrolytes are not compatible with high energy electrodes (e.g. Li anode, high voltage cathode, etc.) viewed from the aspects of electrochemical voltage window and safety. To address these issues, solid electrolytes and polymer electrolytes have been extensively explored due to their high Li+ transference number and superior safety. Yet their implementation to commercial LIBs still encounters considerable challenges from the aspects of low ionic conductivity and manufactural difficulties. In this dissertation, a novel class of ionic conductors with biomimetic ionic channels have been developed to overcome the aforementioned limitations in liquid electrolytes. By thermal activation, porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) yield unsaturated metal centers which could be complexed with liquid electrolytes. The anions in liquid electrolytes can spontaneously bind with the unsaturated metal centers, forming ionic channels mimicking those of in the biologic systems and allowing effective transport of Li+. The ionic conductors built upon MOFs outperform liquid electrolytes in terms of high ionic conductivity, high transference number, broad electrochemical window and improved safety. The dissertation research could be outlined briefly with following two parts: 1. Development of MOFs-based electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and high Li+ transfer number. This part of work firstly demonstrated the concept of biomimetic ionic channels within MOFs. Second, optimization of MOF pore structures according to infiltrated liquid electrolyte affords the synthesis of suitable MOF-based electrolytes with high Li+ ionic conductivity and low cost. 2. Integration of MOFs-based electrolytes into batteries. Three strategies were explored in this part to integrate the MOFs-based ionic conductors as following components: 1) separator; 2) electrolyte additive; 3) electrode additive. Overall, this dissertation research has developed a new class of fast lithium ion conductors based on MOFs and commercially available liquid electrolytes, a variety of architecture designs for incorporating these fast Li+ conductors into battery device could be implemented in a cost-effective manner. By taking advantage of unsaturated metal sites in MOFs, immobilized anions and fast Li+ mobility enable superior device performances with prolonged cycling performance, especially at fast charging rate. Based on these works, one can expect the advances in electrolytes will impact the markets of lithium rechargeable batteries in the near future.
Author: Umakanta Sahoo
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119555515
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
ENERGY STORAGE Written and edited by a team of well-known and respected experts in the field, this new volume on energy storage presents the state-of-the-art developments and challenges in the field of renewable energy systems for sustainability and scalability for engineers, researchers, academicians, industry professionals, consultants, and designers. The world’s energy landscape is very complex. Fossil fuels, especially because of hydraulic fracturing, are still a mainstay of global energy production, but renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, and others, are increasing in importance for global energy sustainability. Experts and non-experts agree that the next game-changer in this area will be energy storage. Energy storage is crucial for continuous operation of power plants and can supplement basic power generation sources over a stand-alone system. It can enhance capacity and leads to greater security, including continuous electricity supply and other applications. A dependable energy storage system not only guarantees that the grid will not go down, but also increases efficacy and efficiency of any energy system. This groundbreaking new volume in this forward-thinking series addresses all of these issues, laying out the latest advances and addressing the most serious current concerns in energy storage. Whether for the veteran engineer or the student, this latest volume in the series, “Advances in Renewable Energy,” is a must-have for any library. This outstanding new volume: Is practically oriented and provides new concepts and designs for energy storage systems, offering greater benefit to the researcher, student, and engineer Offers a comprehensive coverage of energy storage system design, which is also useful for engineers and other professionals who are working in the field of solar energy, biomass, polygeneration, cooling, and process heat Filled with workable examples and designs that are helpful for practical applications, also offers a thorough, novel case study on hybrid energy systems with storage Is useful as a textbook for researchers, students, and faculty for understanding new ideas in this rapidly emerging field
Author: Chen Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
In the 21st Century, with the increasing severity of the energy crisis and environmental pollution caused by the combustion of fossil fuels, human society is eager to find more sustainable and renewable resources. Over the past decades, many kinds of renewable energy, such as solar, wind, tidal, and geothermal, have been extensively used to replace fossil fuels. However, these renewable energies share drawbacks of discontinuity and instability. Thus, a system that can realize energy storage and conversion is strongly required. The regenerative electric power has been regarded as the most promising solution considering the reliability of energy supply, which is being widely researched. Many energy storage systems, like batteries and electrochemical capacitors (ECs), have been hitherto achieved. However, due to the higher requirements of future systems ranging from portable electronics to hybrid electric vehicles and large industrial equipment, much more work still needs to be done to improve the power and energy density of energy storage systems. Thus, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), characterized by high energy density and cycle stability, become the best possibility to make a breakthrough. For improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries, the main challenge lies in the kinetics of the transport of electrons and ions, which dominates the rate performance of the devices, especially for high-loading batteries. In terms of the electrode design, massive efforts have been made to improve the transport kinetics, such as decreasing the size of the active materials to shorten the diffusion length of lithium-ions and adding conductive agents to improve the electronic conductivity. At the same time, the transport kinetics in electrolyte also plays an important role. In lithium-ion batteries, the anions in the electrolytes generally do not participate in the lithiation reactions but exhibit higher mobility than lithium-ions, resulting in a low Li+ transference number (tLi+) of ~ 0.3. A low tLi+ gives rise to concentration polarization, reduces energy efficiency, and causes side reactions and joule heating, which shorten the cycling life, especially under fast charging/discharging condition. Although extensive efforts have been devoted to optimizing the composition of the electrolyte, simultaneously achieving high Li+ conductivity and Li+ transference number remains challenging. In this dissertation, we designed and synthesized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based electrolytes as anion-sorbent to increase the transference number and facilitate lithium-ion transport. To find proper MOFs, three post-synthetic strategies focusing on metal cluster, ligand and pore structure, respectively, were used to prepare five typical MOFs. By heat treatment, the open metal sites (OMSs) in MOFs could be exposed to complex with the anions in solvent-filled pore channels, liberating Li+ mobility and affording high Li+ conductivity. With increased OMSs density, the transference number will increase while the electrochemical stability will decrease. By ligand modification and host-guest encapsulation, MOFs can provide free Li+ as anions, which present an increased transference number but inferior conductivity limited by the dissociation degree of the lithium-ions. Specifically, two MOFs structure, MOF-808 (tLi+ = 0.79) and UiO-66 (tLi+ = 0.62) are selected with high surface area and abundant OMSs, which can provide fast and efficient transport of lithium-ions. For MOF-808, characterized for high OMSs density, a novel MOFs-based single-ion conducting electrolyte (SICE), 808-LiClO4, with both high transference number (0.77) and high conductivity (0.5 mS cm-1) was developed. An in-depth understanding of the mechanism of dehydration and anion adsorption process was explored to verify the significance of OMSs. This SICE can efficiently depress the generation of dendrite. A typical LFP|Li lithium metal battery (LMB) with 88% capacity retention after 400 cycles was achieved with 808-LiClO4 as electrolyte, which provides insight into the exploration of SICE for LMBs and next-generation battery devices. For UiO-66, characterized for extremely electrochemical stability, a novel composite separators containing UiO-66 particles and PVA were fabricated by electrospinning process, producing non-woven fibrous mats with highly tunable pore size and structure. The electrospun separators show outstanding wettability and thermostability. Meanwhile, incorporating the MOF particles alleviates the decomposition of electrolytes, enhances the electrode reaction kinetics, and reduces the interface resistance between the electrolytes and electrodes. Primarily, they are the first reported separators that can increase ionic conductivity (from 0.7 mS cm-1 to 2.9 mS cm-1) and transference number (from 0.37 to 0.59) simultaneously. With the electrospun separators, the high-loading NCM|graphite cell (loading NCM: 20mg cm-2) with 73% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at high-rate (1C) was achieved. Implementation of such MOFs-based electrolyte leads to dramatically improved power output and extended cycling lifetime, providing a new route towards better-performance lithium-ion batteries.
Author: Danick Briand
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527319026
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
With its inclusion of the fundamentals, systems and applications, this reference provides readers with the basics of micro energy conversion along with expert knowledge on system electronics and real-life microdevices. The authors address different aspects of energy harvesting at the micro scale with a focus on miniaturized and microfabricated devices. Along the way they provide an overview of the field by compiling knowledge on the design, materials development, device realization and aspects of system integration, covering emerging technologies, as well as applications in power management, energy storage, medicine and low-power system electronics. In addition, they survey the energy harvesting principles based on chemical, thermal, mechanical, as well as hybrid and nanotechnology approaches. In unparalleled detail this volume presents the complete picture -- and a peek into the future -- of micro-powered microsystems.
