Factors in the Agricultural Situation in Oregon Affecting Employment PDF Download
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Oregon. Employment Department
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Category : Green movement
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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The Oregon Employment Department and the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service, Oregon Field Office have completed a survey of the state’s natural resources industries employers. The purpose of our survey was to estimate, for each major sector: the total number of year-round and seasonal jobs; the number of green year-round and green seasonal jobs; information about green-related job activities; what skills employers have difficulty finding when hiring; and other information related to workforce training and development needs within Oregon's agricultural industries. Within the context of this report, we will use the phrase "natural resources" to include Oregon's agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting industries.
Author: Krishna K. P. Rauniyar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Farmers
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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An investigation was conducted to determine the impact of economic and non-economic factors on the off-farm work efforts of Oregon farm husbands and wives. A total of 283 Oregon farm households (with husbands and wives) were randomly selected from lists of persons deferring taxes for farm purposes, obtained from County Assessors' offices in each of eight randomly selected counties. Counties with larger number of farms had a higher probability of being selected. Data came from an Oregon State University Agricultural Experiment Station study conducted during 1988-89. The empirical findings from the maximum likelihood Tobit model showed plausible directional impacts. Off-farm wage rate, the basis of a reduced labor supply model, was the key variable in explaining off-farm work. Wives' off-farm work response to off-farm wage was more elastic when compared to husbands' off-farm work. Additional significant variables to affect either or both husbands' and wives' total off-farm work were total farm debt, husband's age, education, urban/rural location of farm, net farm income, age-square, farm life satisfaction, and total family income before tax. Education was positively related to off-farm work only for wives. Results also indicate that high levels of net farm income as well as farm debt reduce the likelihood and extent of off-farm work. The location of the farm closer in proximity to metropolitan areas, was a significant factor in increased off-farm work hours. Farm life satisfaction was negatively significant for both wives and husbands. The effect of farm life satisfaction was more prominent for wives than for husbands. Total family income was significant and negatively related to wives' off-farm work but not husbands, indicating that women may be more sensitive to a choice for leisure or household work and the motivation for husbands' off-farm work may be higher. Despite a substantial incidence of low profitability and low farm income from farming and some unhappiness and hard work, these farmers generally reported a high level of satisfaction with their farming operations. Any policy implications based on the findings of this study must be cautiously interpreted based on farm types and the work motivation of farmers in Oregon.
Author: Dennis T. Koong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural industries
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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This research is concerned with the current debate among Oregonians on how to improve the standard of living and accelerate economic development in Oregon. The main question is what economic activities make Oregon, and regions within Oregon grow? To find out where Oregon's economic strength and weaknesses lie, first we have to understand the income and employment contributions of different industries in Oregon. Second, decisions for improving Oregon's economic growth may be guided by investment in the production of goods for which Oregon is competitive relative to other goods in domestic and international regions. Third, we can investigate and hypothesize about reasons for strengths and weaknesses of Oregon's industries relative to other industries locally, nationally, and internationally. To provide a guideline for Oregon economic development, this study first classifies Oregon's economic activities into eight major economic sectors: agriculture, lumber and wood, high-tech, other manufacturing, non-financial private services, financial services, other private services, and government services. In 1995, it is estimated that these sectors generated about $72 billion in gross state product (GSP) for Oregon's economy, employed over 1.4 million people and provided total payroll of about $36.5 billion. Oregon's aggregate service sector, which includes both nongovernment private services and government services, generated about 76% of Oregon's gross state product (64% and 12% respectively), received about 76% of Oregon's payroll (58% and 18% respectively), and employed about 80% of Oregon's total employment (64% and 16% respectively). The wood sector contributed about 7% to Oregon's GSP, received 6% of Oregon's payroll, and employed about 5% of Oregon's employment. The agriculture sector generated about 7% of Oregon's GSP, received about 4% of Oregon's payroll, and accounted for about 5% of Oregon's employment. The high-tech industries contributed about 5% of Oregon's GSP, received 7% of Oregon's payroll, and employed about 4% of employment. Oregon exported about $ 9.43 billion in 1995. High-tech equipment exports were about 46% of Oregon's total exports. The agriculture sector accounted for 26%, of exports, the wood sector exported 15%, and other manufacturing products 13%. While Oregon's recent growth has accured mostly through aggregate service activities, the trade oriented sectors including agriculture, wood, and high-tech injected nearly nine and half billion dollars of foreign revenue into the state's economy in 1995. Second, this research utilizes state-level statistics along with "revealed comparative advantage" methodology and computes competitiveness indexes. These are calculated for individual industries in Oregon relative to the Pacific Northwest and the United States economies to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the Oregon economy. The comparison of Oregon's efficiency in the agricultural sector relative to the PNW and U.S. indicates that, in the last seven years, Oregon's comparative advantage in agricultural farm production (crops) has increased but its comparative advantage in food processing has been declining since 1992. In fact, in 1994 and 1995 Oregon exhibited a comparative disadvantage in food products relative to both the PNW and the United States economies. One hypothesis advanced in this study is that such decline may be due to the Oregon's higher labor costs relative to other states in the PNW and U.S. The possibility that Oregon pays higher wages to workers in food production relative to the PNW and U.S., combined with the notion that food production in Oregon is more labor-intensive relative to the PNW and U.S. may account for the fact that Oregon's comparative advantage in food processing has declined in recent years. With regard to the wood sector, Oregon has a comparative advantage in lumber and wood products relative to both the PNW and U.S. economies In the furniture and fixtures category Oregon holds a clear comparative advantage against the PNW region, however it has a distinct disadvantage compared to the United States economy. In the paper products, Oregon holds a comparative advantage relative to the U.S., however, Oregon is at a comparative disadvantage relative to the PNW (except for 1991 and 1992 when Oregon had a slight comparative advantage). During the 1989-1995 time period, Oregon has been more competitive relative to the PNW region in industrial machinery and computer equipment. However, the degree of advantage has declined from 157% in 1989, to 105% in 1995. Relative to U.S., Oregon improved its comparative advantage in the production of same goods from -16% comparative disadvantage in 1989, to being +25% more efficient in 1995. Similarly, Oregon held its comparative advantage in the production of electric equipment and measuring instruments relative to PNW during 1989-1995 time period. Relative to U.S., Oregon improved its efficiency in the production of electric equipment from -37% inefficiency in 1989, to +5% of comparative advantage in 1995. Oregon's comparative advantage in measuring instrument varied between 11% and 26% over 1989-1995 time period. With regard to recent arguments advanced against high-tech industries, the results of this study indicate that Oregon is becoming more efficient (regionally as well as nationally) in manufacture of high-tech products, this may be partially be due to economies of scale associated with this sector. With regards to food processing industries, it may be that costs associated with labor, materials, capital investment, and other inputs are high relative to other regions. Hence, we cannot be competitive in those industries. Alternatively, one may argue that labor productivity in Oregon's food industry is lower than other regions. If this is the case, increasing training and education programs to increase labor productivity, in addition to changing infrastructure, could improve efficiency in food industries and thereby improve Oregon's economic development.
Author: H. H. White
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural laborers
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Author: Frederick William Obermiller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 5
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Author: Abdulbasit A. Is-hak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural productivity
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of the agricultural sector's output and trade on the economic growth and development of the State of Oregon. Economic base theory is applied in the analysis of Oregon's Gross State Product (GSP) between 1977 and 1991. The basic sector is defined to include the agricultural sector, the forest products sector, and all other manufacturing sectors. A static Local Quotient method is utilized to define Oregon's exporting sectors. Linear regression analyses are applied to measures of Oregon's exports, as well as the GSP of total output, based on the economic base theory. The results of the Location Quotient method using Oregon's covered employment data for the year 1991, indicate that the agricultural sector is a net exporting sector, a criteria for establishing base industry status. Regression analysis of Oregon's GSP, indicates that the aggregate manufacturing sector (SIC 20-3 9), is significant in explaining changes in GSP as well as changes in the GSP of all non-manufacturing industries. In contrast, the agricultural sector including manufactured food products (SIC 20), is found to be relatively insignificant in explaining variation in the State total GSP over the period 1977-1991. Foreign Direct investment is also found to be a significant variable in explaining variations in state GSP over this time. Conclusions remain guarded, however, due to relatively high collinearity among explanatory variables. Regression results to more directly measure economic growth based on first differences in GSP indicate that the aggregate manufacturing sector is again statistically significant in explaining variations in Oregon's non-basic industries GSP as well as the state total GSP. On the other hand, the agricultural sector is found to be statistically insignificant in explaining variations in the growth of Oregon's non-basic industries GSP, and the state total gross state product over the study's period of time 1977-1991. Data show that the agricultural sector constitutes the largest portion of Oregon's foreign exports and has significant power in explaining the state total foreign exports. However, comprehensive data is not available to establish total out-of-state exports. Results of regression analysis of Oregon's total covered employment show that the agricultural sector is significant in explaining variations in Oregon's total covered employment, while manufacturing industries exhibit relatively low significance and predictability in explaining Oregon's total covered employment. This apparent contradiction in findings of the GSP model are attributed to the fact that employment is not a good proxy for regional economic activity. A regression analysis of an alternative specification of employment data based on payroll indicates that the aggregate manufacturing sector is significant in explaining changes in Oregon's covered employment payroll. In this model specification, the agricultural sector's total covered payroll is found to be of only modest significance and exhibits substantially lower impact on Oregon's total covered payroll.
Author: Patrick S. O'Connor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural industries
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Oregon. Employment Division
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Labor supply
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Author: Oregon. Economic Development Division
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oregon
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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