F-gas methodologies and measurements in the Nordic Countries PDF Download
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Author: Bjønness, Kathrine
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289362693
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 85
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Book Description
This project report is a part of the NMR KOL project Nordic Policy Cluster for F-gases with the purpose of comparing the Nordic countries’ methodologies and regulations related to the use of F-gases.Fluorinated gases (F-gases, including HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3) are a range of potent greenhouse gases that are used in a number of different applications and products for refrigeration, foams, aerosols, and technical installations.The report contains a survey and an overview of F-gas methodologies used for UNFCCC reporting, as well as an account of emissions and regulations in the Nordic countries.The objective with the analysis was to provide an overview of differences and similarities within the Nordic countries in relation to F-gases. The analysis shall enable harmonization of data collection, emission factors, choice of methods, and regulatory instruments.
Author: Bjønness, Kathrine
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289362693
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 85
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Book Description
This project report is a part of the NMR KOL project Nordic Policy Cluster for F-gases with the purpose of comparing the Nordic countries’ methodologies and regulations related to the use of F-gases.Fluorinated gases (F-gases, including HFCs, PFCs, SF6 and NF3) are a range of potent greenhouse gases that are used in a number of different applications and products for refrigeration, foams, aerosols, and technical installations.The report contains a survey and an overview of F-gas methodologies used for UNFCCC reporting, as well as an account of emissions and regulations in the Nordic countries.The objective with the analysis was to provide an overview of differences and similarities within the Nordic countries in relation to F-gases. The analysis shall enable harmonization of data collection, emission factors, choice of methods, and regulatory instruments.
Author: Poulsen, Tomas Sander
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 928936680X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 81
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Book Description
Available online: http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1452437 The project developed Green Public Procurement (GPP)criteria for environmentally friendly alternatives in the Refrigeration & Air Conditioning (RAC) sector. The problem with sector in the Nordic countries is that it contains large installed amounts of very strong climate gases, the HFCs. The total Nordic installed amount in 2018 is estimated to be approx. 43.5 million tons CO2 eqv. A market study roughly estimates that appr. 10 % are publicly owned installations. The project has formulated green procurement criteria for 25 product categories, based on screening data of the current technology stage for low GWP refrigerants and energy efficiency in different RAC product categories. The criteria can be directly inserted into tender documents. The overall conclusion is that natural refrigerants are applicable for most RAC products at equal cost and can be used as a selection criteria in GPP.
Author: Schöpel, Miriam
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9289372613
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 105
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Book Description
Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-510/ Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of substances that have been widely used in articles since many years. They are found wherever extreme conditions prevail and particularly high demands are placed on materials. Their use spans over many different sectors ranging from fire-fighting foams to the manufacture of everyday articles like water-repellent outdoor jackets or stain-proofing agents.On the other side, PFASs are not easily degradable and can remain in the environment for decades. In addition, the use of PFASs has raised human and environmental concerns. In Europe, some PFASs are therefore classified as persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) and very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) under the REACH Regulation. The following report provides an overview of currently available analytical methods for PFASs in different matrices.
Author:
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN: 9788773033999
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 672
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Author: Todd S. Rosenstock
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319297945
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
This book provides standards and guidelines for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and removals in smallholder agricultural systems and comparing options for climate change mitigation based on emission reductions and livelihood trade-offs. Globally, agriculture is directly responsible for about 11% of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and induces an additional 17% through land use change, mostly in developing countries. Farms in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings smaller than ten hectares. However, little to no information exists on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potentials in smallholder agriculture. Greenhouse gas measurements in agriculture are expensive, time consuming, and error prone, challenges only exacerbated by the heterogeneity of smallholder systems and landscapes. Concerns over methodological rigor, measurement costs, and the diversity of approaches, coupled with the demand for robust information suggest it is germane for the scientific community to establish standards of measurements for quantifying GHG emissions from smallholder agriculture. Standard guidelines for use by scientists, development organizations will help generate reliable data on emissions baselines and allow rigorous comparisons of mitigation options. The guidelines described in this book, developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) and partners, are intended to inform anyone conducting field measurements of agricultural greenhouse gas sources and sinks, especially to develop IPCC Tier 2 emission factors or to compare mitigation options in smallholder systems.
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Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 734
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Author: IBP USA
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1433099519
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 1344
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Category : Buildings
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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