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Author: Andrew B. Bernard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This paper examines how country, industry and firm characteristics interact in general equilibrium to determine nations' responses to trade liberalization. When firms possess heterogeneous productivity, countries differ in relative factor abundance and industries vary in factor intensity, falling trade costs induce reallocations of resources both within and across industries and countries. These reallocations generate substantial job turnover in all sectors, spur relatively more creative destruction in comparative advantage industries than comparative disadvantage industries, and magnify ex ante comparative advantage to create additional welfare gains from trade. The relative ascendance of high-productivity firms within industries boosts aggregate productivity and drives down consumer prices. In contrast with the neoclassical model, these price declines dampen and can even reverse the real wage losses of scarce factors as countries liberalize.
Author: Andrew B. Bernard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This paper examines how country, industry and firm characteristics interact in general equilibrium to determine nations' responses to trade liberalization. When firms possess heterogeneous productivity, countries differ in relative factor abundance and industries vary in factor intensity, falling trade costs induce reallocations of resources both within and across industries and countries. These reallocations generate substantial job turnover in all sectors, spur relatively more creative destruction in comparative advantage industries than comparative disadvantage industries, and magnify ex ante comparative advantage to create additional welfare gains from trade. The relative ascendance of high-productivity firms within industries boosts aggregate productivity and drives down consumer prices. In contrast with the neoclassical model, these price declines dampen and can even reverse the real wage losses of scarce factors as countries liberalize.
Author: Mr. Kevin Fletcher
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Global geopolitical tensions have risen in recent years, and European energy prices have been volatile following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Some analysts have suggested that these shifting conditions may significantly affect FDI both to and from Germany. To shed light on this issue and other factors affecting German FDI, we leverage two detailed and complementary FDI datasets to explore recent trends in German FDI and how it is affected by geopolitical tensions and energy prices. In doing so, we also develop a new measure of geopolitical alignment. Our main findings include the following: (i) the post-pandemic recovery in Germany’s inward and outward FDI has been weaker than in the US or the rest of the European Union (EU27) as a whole; (ii) Germany’s outward FDI linkages with geopolitically distant countries have been weakening since the Global Financial Crisis; (iii) the relationship between Germany’s outward FDI and geopolitical distance has become more pronounced over the last six years; (iv) Germany’s outward FDI to China-Russia bloc countries is more sensitive to recent geopolitical developments compared with that to US-bloc countries; and (v) Germany’s outward FDI in energy-intensive sectors decreases as destination countries’ energy costs increase, but energy costs do not appear to have a statistically significant effect on outward FDI in non-energy intensive sectors.
Author: Patricia Hofmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642345816
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
Economic globalisation and technological change are the two issues that concerned people in the past, concern them today and will concern them in the future - all over the world, poor or rich. Traditionally, questions about allocative effects are asked: What are the labour market implications? Who loses? Who wins? What is the net aggregate welfare effect after an adjustment period? However, two points are rarely taken into consideration: How do globalisation and technological change interact and what are the potential long-run implications for economic growth? This book addresses the interplay of these megatrends. It asks how economic globalisation may affect innovation and technology of individual firms and eventually the growth prospects of countries. Thereby it shows that protectionism not only harms static efficiency but might as well lead to dynamic losses. The book provides a systematic overview of the theoretical underpinnings of the openness-growth nexus and summarises the conceptual problems and important findings of the empirical analyses so far. The theoretical insights are supported by two empirical studies, the first dealing with the innovative behaviour and the “within-multinational” technology transfer of Spanish firms that were acquired by foreign companies and the second analysing productivity growth rate implications from exporting for German manufacturing firms.
Author: Heinz Herrmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354024736X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
A collection of papers on the determinants and consequences of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the real and financial sectors of industrial countries. The text sheds new light on the determinants of FDI, in particular the role of governmental incentives. Another main topic is the role of FDI in the east European accession countries. It provides insights into the question of whether EU enlargement will have consequences for capital flows into those countries. Since the start of European monetary union, the discussion on cross-border mergers in the European banking industry has intensified. The final part of the book contains contributions to this debate.
Author: Joachim Wagner
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 981310970X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 549
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Book Description
This volume brings together two comprehensive survey studies of the literature on the microeconometrics of international trade. The chapters apply new empirical methods to the analysis of the links between international trade and various dimensions of firm performance such as productivity, profitability, wages, and survival. The studies also include report results for Germany, one of the leading actors on the world markets for goods and services.
Author: Timo Mitze
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642229018
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 345
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Book Description
Economic agents interact in structural relationships through time and space. This work starts from the empirical observation that all three dimensions, namely time, space, and structural functional forms, are important for an integrative framework of modern empirical analysis in regional science. The work thus aims at combining up-to-date econometric tools from the fields of spatial econometrics, panel time-series analysis and structural simultaneous equation modelling to analysis the different research questions at hand. Most of the topics dealt within this work start from a concrete empirical problem, while problem solving also aims at generating some new knowledge in a methodological way, e.g. by the complementary use of Monte Carlo simulation studies to compare the empirical performance of different estimators for specific data samples. Following a first introductory chapter, the work is structured in three parts addressing major issues in building up a stylized regional economic model such as interregional migration, factor and final demand estimation. All empirical applications use German regional data.
Author: Suresh Chand Aggarwal
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9813293977
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
This book offers a collection of distinguished contributions that identify current growth accelerators in India, and suggest policies and strategies to make India’s growth more sustainable and inclusive. The papers are divided into three sections, the first of which focuses on issues related to industrial growth in India. The discussions include India’s industrial development (manufacturing, construction and mining); role of manufacturing; global value chains; and of environment in industrial development. In turn, section II deals with issues related to trade and FDI as accelerators of India’s growth. The respective chapters explore the changing patterns of trade, impacts of technology, and spill-over effects of FDI, to name but a few. Lastly, the third section discusses employment-related issues like measurement of labour input, the dichotomy of the Indian labour market, the nature of firms and employment generation, and impacts of technology on employment. Given its scope and focus, the book offers an invaluable resource for researchers and policymakers alike.
Author: David Greenaway
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230305318
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 727
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Book Description
International trade is the core foundation of globalisation. This current and up-to-date volume brings together the finest academics working in the field today, containing contributions in key areas of policy research, such as, modelling frameworks, trade policy, trade and migration, trade and the environment, trade and unemployment.
Author: Mr.Koshy Mathai
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475531710
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
China’s trade patterns are evolving. While it started in light manufacturing and the assembly of more sophisticated products as part of global supply chains, China is now moving up the value chain, “onshoring” the production of higher-value-added upstream products and moving into more sophisticated downstream products as well. At the same time, with its wages rising, it has started to exit some lower-end, more labor-intensive sectors. These changes are taking place in the broader context of China’s rebalancing—away from exports and toward domestic demand, and within the latter, away from investment and toward consumption—and as a consequence, demand for some commodity imports is slowing, while consumption imports are slowly rising. The evolution of Chinese trade, investment, and consumption patterns offers opportunities and challenges to low-wage, low-income countries, including China’s neighbors in the Mekong region. Cambodia, Lao P.D.R., Myanmar, and Vietnam (the CLMV) are all open economies that are highly integrated with China. Rebalancing in China may mean less of a role for commodity exports from the region, but at the same time, the CLMV’s low labor costs suggest that manufacturing assembly for export could take off as China becomes less competitive, and as China itself demands more consumption items. Labor costs, however, are only part of the story. The CLMV will need to strengthen their infrastructure, education, governance, and trade regimes, and also run sound macro policies in order to capitalize fully on the opportunities presented by China’s transformation. With such policy efforts, the CLMV could see their trade and integration with global supply chains grow dramatically in the coming years.
Author: Thomas Jost
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
The unfavourable balance of foreign direct investment plays a major role in the ongoing debate on the quality of Germany as a business location. High direct investment outflows and low inflows compared with the United Kingdom and France are often seen as a sign of weakness of Germany as a business location. The relative attractiveness of different countries for foreign direct investment is usually measured in terms of the balance of payments data of the host countries. However, owing to still very divergent recording practices across the industrial countries, such comparisons may be misleading. In this paper it is shown that the statistical errors are minor if investor countries', rather than host countries', data are used to compare the relative attractiveness of different economies for foreign direct investment. Over aperiod of 11 years, foreign balance of payments data show that Germany has received a considerably higher amount of foreign direct investment than is recorded in the German balance of payments. On the outflow side the different data sources give a more homogeneous picture of a persistently heavy commitment of German companies abroad.
