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Author: Anna Elizabeth Macleod Forsyth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
The success rate of clinical trials for central nervous system (CNS) drugs would be aided by improved identification of pharmacological biomarkers. Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are non-invasive methods with the potential to provide these objective measures of CNS drug action. Their simultaneous recording allows the combination of their opposing strengths and mitigation of their opposing weaknesses, including the utilisation of a direct electrophysiological measure of neural activity to help disentangle the neural and physiological contributions to the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. This thesis aimed to establish the feasibility and effectiveness of simultaneous EEG/fMRI when developing biomarkers for subanaesthetic ketamine and midazolam. Overall, analyses of drug-induced spectral power changes, functional connectivity, and working memory processes reflected prior literature where EEG and fMRI were recorded independently. This allowed confidence that simultaneous imaging was not degrading the data and combined with pre-processing data quality analyses provided evidence for the feasibility of simultaneous EEG/fMRI in a drug study. A recurrent theme throughout the analyses was that of each modality providing unique information. The spectral profiles and representations of working memory processes lacked a clear spatial correspondence between modalities, and formal comparisons of changes to functional connectomes yielded little conclusive evidence of simple relationships between the two signal types. The distinctive information imparted by both modalities instils impetus to develop drug biomarkers in both modalities. Combining information from the EEG and fMRI signals provided biomarker information over that gained from assessing the modalities independently. Temporal correlations between EEG power modulations and the BOLD signal were modified by drug administration. Additionally, comparison of the relative strengths of task-induced changes allowed for more in-depth analysis of the EEG/fMRI relationship. Furthermore, electrophysiological results combined with an assessment of multiple methods to remove BOLD signal artefacts endorsed an argument for tailoring pharmacological fMRI pre-processing to the unique noise structure of each drug under investigation. Combined with other advantages of concurrent recording, such as removing session-to-session variance, these results demonstrated that simultaneous EEG/fMRI is effective at providing information for the development of biomarkers of drug action.
Author: Anna Elizabeth Macleod Forsyth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
The success rate of clinical trials for central nervous system (CNS) drugs would be aided by improved identification of pharmacological biomarkers. Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are non-invasive methods with the potential to provide these objective measures of CNS drug action. Their simultaneous recording allows the combination of their opposing strengths and mitigation of their opposing weaknesses, including the utilisation of a direct electrophysiological measure of neural activity to help disentangle the neural and physiological contributions to the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. This thesis aimed to establish the feasibility and effectiveness of simultaneous EEG/fMRI when developing biomarkers for subanaesthetic ketamine and midazolam. Overall, analyses of drug-induced spectral power changes, functional connectivity, and working memory processes reflected prior literature where EEG and fMRI were recorded independently. This allowed confidence that simultaneous imaging was not degrading the data and combined with pre-processing data quality analyses provided evidence for the feasibility of simultaneous EEG/fMRI in a drug study. A recurrent theme throughout the analyses was that of each modality providing unique information. The spectral profiles and representations of working memory processes lacked a clear spatial correspondence between modalities, and formal comparisons of changes to functional connectomes yielded little conclusive evidence of simple relationships between the two signal types. The distinctive information imparted by both modalities instils impetus to develop drug biomarkers in both modalities. Combining information from the EEG and fMRI signals provided biomarker information over that gained from assessing the modalities independently. Temporal correlations between EEG power modulations and the BOLD signal were modified by drug administration. Additionally, comparison of the relative strengths of task-induced changes allowed for more in-depth analysis of the EEG/fMRI relationship. Furthermore, electrophysiological results combined with an assessment of multiple methods to remove BOLD signal artefacts endorsed an argument for tailoring pharmacological fMRI pre-processing to the unique noise structure of each drug under investigation. Combined with other advantages of concurrent recording, such as removing session-to-session variance, these results demonstrated that simultaneous EEG/fMRI is effective at providing information for the development of biomarkers of drug action.
Author: Matt A. Bernstein
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080533124
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 1041
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Book Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is among the most important medical imaging techniques available today. There is an installed base of approximately 15,000 MRI scanners worldwide. Each of these scanners is capable of running many different "pulse sequences", which are governed by physics and engineering principles, and implemented by software programs that control the MRI hardware. To utilize an MRI scanner to the fullest extent, a conceptual understanding of its pulse sequences is crucial. Handbook of MRI Pulse Sequences offers a complete guide that can help the scientists, engineers, clinicians, and technologists in the field of MRI understand and better employ their scanner. Explains pulse sequences, their components, and the associated image reconstruction methods commonly used in MRI Provides self-contained sections for individual techniques Can be used as a quick reference guide or as a resource for deeper study Includes both non-mathematical and mathematical descriptions Contains numerous figures, tables, references, and worked example problems
Author: Donald L. Schomer
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 1451153155
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1308
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Book Description
The leading reference on electroencephalography since 1982, Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography is now in its thoroughly updated Sixth Edition. An international group of experts provides comprehensive coverage of the neurophysiologic and technical aspects of EEG, evoked potentials, and magnetoencephalography, as well as the clinical applications of these studies in neonates, infants, children, adults, and older adults. This edition's new lead editor, Donald Schomer, MD, has updated the technical information and added a major new chapter on artifacts. Other highlights include complete coverage of EEG in the intensive care unit and new chapters on integrating other recording devices with EEG; transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation; EEG/TMS in evaluation of cognitive and mood disorders; and sleep in premature infants, children and adolescents, and the elderly. A companion website includes fully searchable text and image bank.
Author: Harry Chugani, MD
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199711526
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Perhaps the most important achievements in the field of epileptology in the past two decades have been in the neuroimaging and genetic breakthroughs as applied to patients with epilepsy. Indeed, neuroimaging has become a vital part in the study of epilepsy, affecting broad aspects of the disorder ranging from diagnosis and classification to treatment and prognosis. Neuroimaging in epilepsy encompasses many different approaches that have reached various levels of expertise across epilepsy centers worldwide. This book discusses every imaging modality used to gather information on epilepsy. Each technique is described by world experts and epilepsy centers worldwide.
Author: Richard Longabaugh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alcoholism
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
Author: Judith M. Rumsey
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139476750
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 473
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Book Description
Modern neuroimaging offers tremendous opportunities for gaining insights into normative development and a wide array of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Focusing on ontogeny, this text covers basic processes involved in both healthy and atypical maturation, and also addresses the range of neuroimaging techniques most widely used for studying children. This book will enable you to understand normative structural and functional brain maturation and the mechanisms underlying basic developmental processes; become familiar with current knowledge and hypotheses concerning the neural bases of developmental neuropsychiatric disorders; and learn about neuroimaging techniques, including their unique strengths and limitations. Coverage includes normal developmental processes, atypical processing in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, ethical issues, neuroimaging techniques and their integration with psychopharmacologic and molecular genetic research approaches, and future directions. This comprehensive volume is an essential resource for neurologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and radiologists concerned with normal development and developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Author: Donald W. Pfaff
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781493934737
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Edited and authored by a wealth of international experts in neuroscience and related disciplines, this key new resource aims to offer medical students and graduate researchers around the world a comprehensive introduction and overview of modern neuroscience. Neuroscience research is certain to prove a vital element in combating mental illness in its various incarnations, a strategic battleground in the future of medicine, as the prevalence of mental disorders is becoming better understood each year. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by mental, behavioral, neurological and substance use disorders. The World Health Organization estimated in 2002 that 154 million people globally suffer from depression and 25 million people from schizophrenia; 91 million people are affected by alcohol use disorders and 15 million by drug use disorders. A more recent WHO report shows that 50 million people suffer from epilepsy and 24 million from Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Because neuroscience takes the etiology of disease—the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors—as its object of inquiry, it is increasingly valuable in understanding an array of medical conditions. A recent report by the United States’ Surgeon General cites several such diseases: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, early-onset depression, autism, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, and panic disorder, among many others. Not only is this volume a boon to those wishing to understand the future of neuroscience, it also aims to encourage the initiation of neuroscience programs in developing countries, featuring as it does an appendix full of advice on how to develop such programs. With broad coverage of both basic science and clinical issues, comprising around 150 chapters from a diversity of international authors and including complementary video components, Neuroscience in the 21st Century in its second edition serves as a comprehensive resource to students and researchers alike.
Author: Jerome Engel Jr
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019532854X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 737
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Book Description
This second edition of 'Seizures and Epilepsy' is completely revised, due to tremendous advances in the understanding of the fundamental neuronal mechanisms underlying epileptic phenomena, as well as current diagnosis and treatment, which have been heavily influenced over the past several decades by seminal neuroscientific developments, particularly the introduction of molecular neurobiology, genetics, and modern neuroimaging. This resource covers a broad range of both basic and clinical epileptology.
Author: Fondazione Pierfranco e Luisa Mariani
Publisher: John Libbey Eurotext
ISBN: 9780861964888
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
This book collects the results of clinical experience and research, as well as the opionions of the specialists who have studied in depth several rare and complex syndromes associated with "Continuous Spikes and Waves During Slow Sleep", the Landau-Kleffner syndrome, and related conditions. It also presents a wide-ranging collection of cases presented by the participants in the meeting, and analysed in its various clinical, electrophysiological and psycho-intellectual aspects. The purpose of the book is to provide a thorough updated on specialised knowledge about the syndromes characterised by the presence of CSWS on the EEG, to bring out the many, still unanswered -- questions, and to stimulate further interdisciplinary research to verify the validity of present hypotheses, in order to clarify which preventive and therapeutic methods can best attain the control of such syndromes.
Author: Dan R. Chartier
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323984339
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 594
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Book Description
Introduction to Quantitative EEG and Neurofeedback, Third Edition offers a window into brain physiology and function via computer and statistical analyses, suggesting innovative approaches to the improvement of attention, anxiety, mood and behavior. Resources for understanding what QEEG and neurofeedback are, how they are used, and to what disorders and patients they can be applied are scarce, hence this volume serves as an ideal tool for clinical researchers and practicing clinicians. Sections cover advancements (including Microcurrent Electrical Stimulation, photobiomodulation), new applications (e.g. Asperger's, music therapy, LORETA, etc.), and combinations of prior approaches. New chapters on smart-phone technologies and mindfulness highlight their clinical relevance. Written by top scholars in the field, this book offers both the breadth needed for an introductory scholar and the depth desired by a clinical professional. Covers neurofeedback use in depression, ADHD, addiction, pain, PTSD, and more Discusses the use of adjunct modalities in neurotherapy Features topics relevant to the knowledge blueprints for both the International QEEG Certification Board and International Board of Quantitative Electrophysiology Includes new chapters on photobiomodulation, smart-phone applications and mindfulness
