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Author: R. Tuomela
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401012423
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 445
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Book Description
This book presents a unified and systematic philosophical account of human actions and their explanation, and it does it in the spirit of scientific realism. In addition, various other related topics, such as psychological concept formation and the nature of mental events and states, are dis cussed. This is due to the fact that the key problems in the philosophy of psychology are interconnected to a high degree. This interwovenness has affected the discussion of these problems in that often the same topic is discussed in several contexts in the book. I hope the reader does not find this too frustrating. The theory of action developed in this book, especially in its latter half, is a causalist one. In a sense it can be regarded as an explication and refin~ment of a typical common sense view of actions and the mental episodes causally responsible for them. It has, of course, not been possible to discuss all the relevant philosophical problems in great detail, even if I have regarded it as necessary to give a brief treatment of relatively many problems. Rather, I have concentrated on some key issues and hope that future research will help to clarify the rest.
Author: R. Tuomela
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401012423
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 445
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book presents a unified and systematic philosophical account of human actions and their explanation, and it does it in the spirit of scientific realism. In addition, various other related topics, such as psychological concept formation and the nature of mental events and states, are dis cussed. This is due to the fact that the key problems in the philosophy of psychology are interconnected to a high degree. This interwovenness has affected the discussion of these problems in that often the same topic is discussed in several contexts in the book. I hope the reader does not find this too frustrating. The theory of action developed in this book, especially in its latter half, is a causalist one. In a sense it can be regarded as an explication and refin~ment of a typical common sense view of actions and the mental episodes causally responsible for them. It has, of course, not been possible to discuss all the relevant philosophical problems in great detail, even if I have regarded it as necessary to give a brief treatment of relatively many problems. Rather, I have concentrated on some key issues and hope that future research will help to clarify the rest.
Author: Lynne Rudder Baker
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521421904
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Explaining Attitudes develops an account of propositional attitudes - practical realism.
Author: Carla Zembal-Saul
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN: 9780132117265
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
With the view that children are capable young scientists, authors encourage science teaching in ways that nurture students' curiosity about how the natural world works including research-based approaches to support all K-5 children constructing scientific explanations via talk and writing. Grounded in NSF-funded research, this book/DVD provides K-5 teachers with a framework for explanation (Claim, Evidence, Reasoning) that they can use to organize everything from planning to instructional strategies and from scaffolds to assessment. Because the framework addresses not only having students learn scientific explanations but also construct them from evidence and evaluate them, it is considered to build upon the new NRC framework for K-12 science education, the national standards, and reform documents in science education, as well as national standards in literacy around argumentation and persuasion, including the Common Core Standards for English Language Arts (Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2010).The chapters guide teachers step by step through presenting the framework for students, identifying opportunities to incorporate scientific explanation into lessons, providing curricular scaffolds (that fade over time) to support all students including ELLs and students with special needs, developing scientific explanation assessment tasks, and using the information from assessment tasks to inform instruction.
Author: John Forge
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429862059
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 195
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Book Description
Published in 1999, this work sets out to give an account of explanation which is adequate to the problems that arise when looking at physical science. It offers a theory of explanation with supporting analysis, and also an application to the task of giving an account of explanation in quantum mechanics.
Author: Peter J. Stuckey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540439307
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 499
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Book Description
The global environment is changing rapidly under the impact of human activities. An important element in this change is related to global climate modification. Experts from the natural and social sciences with a strong interest in history discussed common topics of great interest to society. Can the study of climate and history help in devising strategies for coping with this change? What might be the type of information most useful in this context? What are the pitfalls awaiting the unwary? These and similar questions were discussed during a four-day workshop. The resulting proceedings contain comprehensive papers of broad interest, thematic back-ground papers and reports of study groups. Apart from scientists, the papers should interest graduate students and lecturers.
Author: D. Ray Reutzel
Publisher: Teachers College Press
ISBN: 0807774731
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
One of the most critical elements in the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) is the effective teaching of reading comprehension in the early years. This timely resource provides evidence-based practices for teachers to use as they work to meet standards associated with comprehending complex literature and informational texts. The authors offer a practical model, with classroom applications drawing on the Construction-Integration (CI) model of text comprehension. Illustrating why comprehension is so important in the CCSS framework, the book distills six key principles for meeting CCSS and other high-challenge standards. Chapters show teachers how to build oral language and text comprehension skills with young readers, including selecting texts, organizing materials, scheduling time, and assessing the acquisition of knowledge. Book Features: A practitioner-friendly model for teaching comprehension of informational and narrative texts in the early grades.Guidance for how to create a classroom environment that supports oral language acquisition.Instructional strategies, including teaching children to understand text structures, key details, and main ideas of a story or information text.A standards-based series of formative comprehension assessments. “Read it with the gusto it provides and deserves, and go out into your classrooms and make texts come to life through the magic of understanding!” —From the Foreword by P. David Pearson, University of California, Berkeley “This is a must-read for teachers and educators as they strive to meet the new literacy standards and improve reading comprehension outcomes for their students.” —Linda B. Gambrell, Reading Research Quarterly “The authors start with the most respected theory, add an insightful analysis of relevant Common Core standards, and combine the two with solid, practical instructional ideas. Bravo!” —James W. Cunningham, professor emeritus, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Author: Kazem Mahdavi
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN: 0821846272
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
This volume represents the talks given at the Conference on Interactions between Representation Theory, Quantum Field Theory, Category Theory, Mathematical Physics, and Quantum Information Theory, held in September 2007 at the University of Texas at Tyler. The papers in this volume, written by top experts in the field, address physical aspects, mathematical aspects, and foundational issues of quantum computation. This volume will benefit researchers interested in advances in quantum computation and communication, as well as graduate students who wish to enter the field of quantum computation.
Author: Wojciech Samek
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030289540
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 435
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Book Description
The development of “intelligent” systems that can take decisions and perform autonomously might lead to faster and more consistent decisions. A limiting factor for a broader adoption of AI technology is the inherent risks that come with giving up human control and oversight to “intelligent” machines. For sensitive tasks involving critical infrastructures and affecting human well-being or health, it is crucial to limit the possibility of improper, non-robust and unsafe decisions and actions. Before deploying an AI system, we see a strong need to validate its behavior, and thus establish guarantees that it will continue to perform as expected when deployed in a real-world environment. In pursuit of that objective, ways for humans to verify the agreement between the AI decision structure and their own ground-truth knowledge have been explored. Explainable AI (XAI) has developed as a subfield of AI, focused on exposing complex AI models to humans in a systematic and interpretable manner. The 22 chapters included in this book provide a timely snapshot of algorithms, theory, and applications of interpretable and explainable AI and AI techniques that have been proposed recently reflecting the current discourse in this field and providing directions of future development. The book is organized in six parts: towards AI transparency; methods for interpreting AI systems; explaining the decisions of AI systems; evaluating interpretability and explanations; applications of explainable AI; and software for explainable AI.
Author: Fabrizio Riguzzi
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 100079587X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
Probabilistic Logic Programming extends Logic Programming by enabling the representation of uncertain information by means of probability theory. Probabilistic Logic Programming is at the intersection of two wider research fields: the integration of logic and probability and Probabilistic Programming.Logic enables the representation of complex relations among entities while probability theory is useful for model uncertainty over attributes and relations. Combining the two is a very active field of study.Probabilistic Programming extends programming languages with probabilistic primitives that can be used to write complex probabilistic models. Algorithms for the inference and learning tasks are then provided automatically by the system.Probabilistic Logic programming is at the same time a logic language, with its knowledge representation capabilities, and a Turing complete language, with its computation capabilities, thus providing the best of both worlds.Since its birth, the field of Probabilistic Logic Programming has seen a steady increase of activity, with many proposals for languages and algorithms for inference and learning. Foundations of Probabilistic Logic Programming aims at providing an overview of the field with a special emphasis on languages under the Distribution Semantics, one of the most influential approaches. The book presents the main ideas for semantics, inference, and learning and highlights connections between the methods.Many examples of the book include a link to a page of the web application http://cplint.eu where the code can be run online.
Author: Eric Brunsell
Publisher: NSTA Press
ISBN: 193353138X
Category : College students
Languages : en
Pages : 489
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Book Description
The book is a generously sized compendium of articles drawn from NSTA's middle and elementary level journals Science Scope and Science and Children. If you're teaching an introductory science education course in a college or university, Readings in Science Methods, K-8, with its blend of theory, research, and examples of best practices, can serve as your only text, your primary text, or a supplemental text.
