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Author: Michael Frank Gray Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Liquid films
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Author: Michael Frank Gray Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Liquid films
Languages : en
Pages : 237
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Author: William Bernard Krantz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Author: S. Kalliadasis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1848823673
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 446
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Book Description
Falling Liquid Films gives a detailed review of state-of-the-art theoretical, analytical and numerical methodologies, for the analysis of dissipative wave dynamics and pattern formation on the surface of a film falling down a planar inclined substrate. This prototype is an open-flow hydrodynamic instability, that represents an excellent paradigm for the study of complexity in active nonlinear media with energy supply, dissipation and dispersion. It will also be of use for a more general understanding of specific events characterizing the transition to spatio-temporal chaos and weak/dissipative turbulence. Particular emphasis is given to low-dimensional approximations for such flows through a hierarchy of modeling approaches, including equations of the boundary-layer type, averaged formulations based on weighted residuals approaches and long-wave expansions. Whenever possible the link between theory and experiment is illustrated, and, as a further bridge between the two, the development of order-of-magnitude estimates and scaling arguments is used to facilitate the understanding of basic, underlying physics. This monograph will appeal to advanced graduate students in applied mathematics, science or engineering undertaking research on interfacial fluid mechanics or studying fluid mechanics as part of their program. It will also be of use to researchers working on both applied, fundamental theoretical and experimental aspects of thin film flows, as well as engineers and technologists dealing with processes involving isothermal or heated films. This monograph is largely self-contained and no background on interfacial fluid mechanics is assumed.
Author: Alexander Knaani
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Abolfazl Sadeghpour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Thin liquid films flowing down vertical fibers present a wealth of complex and interesting interfacial dynamics, including the formation of droplets and traveling wave patterns. Such dynamics is an important consideration in various applications, such as fiber coating and direct-contact heat and mass exchangers which take advantage of extended interfacial areas and larger residence time afforded by the bead formation along the fiber. A rigorous investigation on the fluid dynamics and interfacial heat and mass transfer mechanism of liquid films flowing along vertical strings is, thus, needed to enable physics-based optimization and analysis of multi-string designs for the mentioned applications. This dissertation presents a combination of experimental, numerical, and theoretical study of liquid films flowing down a vertical fiber. Additionally, we report a first-ever combined experimental and theoretical study of the instability in thin film flows of a high-surface energy low-viscosity liquid (i.e. water) along cotton threads. Utilizing our finding, we then adapted the multi-string configuration for novel applications, such as humidification, dehumidification, and particle capturing. We started with a thorough experimental study of viscous liquids flowing down vertical fibers (i.e. polymer strings). Previous researchers suggested that the liquid film thickness and velocity profiles of nearly flat portion of a liquid film that precedes the onset of instability can be specified regardless of the nozzle geometry. As a result, they largely overlooked the effects of nozzle on the pattern and characteristics of the downstream flow. We performed a systematic experimental study by varying the nozzle inner diameter from 0.5 to 3.2 mm at various mass flow rates (from 0.02 to 0.08 g/s). We focused on experimental conditions within the Rayleigh Plateau (RP) instability regime, where traveling wave solution emerges and generates uniformly-spaced drop-like liquid beads on vertical fibers. Our results emphasize the strong influence of nozzle geometry on the flow regime and the flow characteristics. We experimentally measured the thickness of the flat film portion after the nozzle, which we term the preinstability thickness, and identified it as a flow parameter which governs the size, spacing, and velocity of downstream liquid beads. We also performed a set of complementary numerical simulations that solves the full Navier-Stokes equations to predict the fluid dynamics of the downstream flow, such as the liquid velocity profile along the fiber. To better understand the influence of nozzle diameter on the regime transition as well as the downstream bead dynamics, we performed a detailed theoretical study of viscous flow down a vertical fiber. We proposed a full lubrication model that includes slip boundary conditions, nonlinear curvature terms, and a film stabilization term, and compared the predicted film dynamics against the experimental results. Numerical simulations confirm that in addition to fiber sizes and flow rates, the downstream flow regime and characteristics are also significantly affected by the nozzle geometry. Moreover, the effect of film stabilization term on the flow pattern and bead characteristic is studied. We also compared our results with previously studied theoretical methods, such as CM model, linear curvature model, and full curvature model. Additionally, we leveraged our successful demonstration of stable water flow along a vertical cotton string to construct a multi-string water vapor capturing system, where a massive array traveling water beads act as the condensation interface for water vapor in the counterflowing air stream. These water beads form through intrinsic flow instability and offer high curvature surfaces to enhance the vapor condensation rate. The effects of the water flow rate and air velocity on the condensation rates are experimentally characterized. The gas-stream pressure drop of the design is also measured. The condensation rates and gas-stream pressure drop from our multi-string dehumidifier is compared with the existing dehumidifier designs. A simplified theoretical model is also presented as the starting point for further optimizing the design parameters of our device. Finally, we extended our investigation for potential applications of the cotton-based multi-string configuration and proposed a novel string-based particle collector. Wet electrostatic precipitators (WESP) are generally highly effective for collecting fine particles in air streams from various sources such as diesel engines, power plants, and oil refineries. However, some limiting factors, such as high water usage, poses restrictions. Our new compact particle collector utilizes an array of traveling water beads on vertical cotton strings to collect the pre-charged particles in the counterflowing air stream. The experimental and numerical investigation presented in this work is performed to determine the collection efficiency and the optimal water flow rate for our new design. The unique configuration of our string-based counterflow WESP in this study exhibits high number-based collection efficiency, > 80%, for a wide range of particle diameters, 10 nm - 2.5 m, while decreasing the water usage significantly, which can provide a basis for the design of more water-efficient WESPs.
Author: Robert Walter Atherton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hydrodynamics
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Author: Ralf Blossey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400744552
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
This book is a treatise on the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of thin liquid films at solid surfaces and, in particular, their rupture instabilities. For the quantitative study of these phenomena, polymer thin films (sometimes referred to as “ultrathin”) have proven to be an invaluable experimental model system. What is it that makes thin film instabilities special and interesting? First, thin polymeric films have an important range of applications. An understanding of their instabilities is therefore of practical relevance for the design of such films. The first chapter of the book intends to give a snapshot of current applications, and an outlook on promising future ones. Second, thin liquid films are an interdisciplinary research topic, which leads to a fairly heterogeneous community working on the topic. It justifies attempting to write a text which gives a coherent presentation of the field which researchers across their specialized communities might be interested in. Finally, thin liquid films are an interesting laboratory for a theorist to confront a well-established theory, hydrodynamics, with its limits. Thin films are therefore a field in which a highly fruitful exchange and collaboration exists between experimentalists and theorists. The book stretches from the more concrete to more abstract levels of study: we roughly progress from applications via theory and experiment to rigorous mathematical theory. For an experimental scientist, the book should serve as a reference and guide to what is the current consensus of the theoretical underpinnings of the field of thin film dynamics. Controversial problems on which such a consensus has not yet been reached are clearly indicated in the text, as well as discussed in a final chapter. From a theoretical point of view, the field of dewetting has mainly been treated in a mathematically ‘light’ yet elegant fashion, often making use of scaling arguments. For the untrained researcher, this approach is not always easy to follow. The present book attempts to bridge between the ‘light’ and the ‘rigorous’, always with the ambition to enhance insight and understanding - and to not let go the elegance of the theory.
Author: Fu-Kuang Hsu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Multiphase flow
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Author: Igor Bykadorov
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030333949
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 606
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Book Description
This book constitutes revised and selected papers from the 18th International Conference on Mathematical Optimization Theory and Operations Research, MOTOR 2019, held in Ekaterinburg, Russia, in July 2019. The 40 full papers and 4 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 170 submissions. The papers in the volume are organised according to the following topical headings: combinatorial optimization; game theory and mathematical economics; data mining and computational geometry; integer programming; mathematical programming; operations research; optimal control and applications.
Author: Eugene Cook Bingham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Matter
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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