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Author: Leeann Marie Lower
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
Sport is a critical context for youth development (Riley & Anderson-Butcher, 2012; Weiss, 2008). Through engagement in sport-based positive youth development (PYD), vulnerable youth can experience relief from risk prevalent in their environment and develop assets to overcome adverse circumstances (Anderson-Butcher, Iachini, Riley, Wade-Mdivanian, Davis & Amorose, 2013; Petitpas, Cornelius, Van Raalte, & Jones, 2005). Organizational effectiveness of sport-based PYD programs is imperative due to the impact programs can have on youths' successful transition to adulthood. A sport-based PYD program is considered effective when exposure to an intentionally designed intervention, with theoretical justification, produces the desired program outcomes (Dusenbury, Brannigan, Falco, & Hansen, 2003; Law & Shek, 2011; Nation, Crusto, Wandersman, Kumpfer, Seybolt, Morrissey-Kane, & Davino, 2003). Research examining organizational effectiveness, within the context of sport-based PYD, can inform program planning, improve program practices, and enhance PYD. The purpose of the current study was to examine program dosage as a programmatic mechanism of PYD, to determine how program implementation and engagement influences youth development in the context of sport-based PYD.
Author: Leeann Marie Lower
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
Sport is a critical context for youth development (Riley & Anderson-Butcher, 2012; Weiss, 2008). Through engagement in sport-based positive youth development (PYD), vulnerable youth can experience relief from risk prevalent in their environment and develop assets to overcome adverse circumstances (Anderson-Butcher, Iachini, Riley, Wade-Mdivanian, Davis & Amorose, 2013; Petitpas, Cornelius, Van Raalte, & Jones, 2005). Organizational effectiveness of sport-based PYD programs is imperative due to the impact programs can have on youths' successful transition to adulthood. A sport-based PYD program is considered effective when exposure to an intentionally designed intervention, with theoretical justification, produces the desired program outcomes (Dusenbury, Brannigan, Falco, & Hansen, 2003; Law & Shek, 2011; Nation, Crusto, Wandersman, Kumpfer, Seybolt, Morrissey-Kane, & Davino, 2003). Research examining organizational effectiveness, within the context of sport-based PYD, can inform program planning, improve program practices, and enhance PYD. The purpose of the current study was to examine program dosage as a programmatic mechanism of PYD, to determine how program implementation and engagement influences youth development in the context of sport-based PYD.
Author: Nicholas L. Holt
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135983097
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
The first Positive Youth Development title to focus on the role of sport, this book brings together high profile contributors from diverse disciplines to critically examine the ways in which sport can be and has been used to promote youth development. Young people are too frequently looked upon as problems waiting to be solved. From the perspective of Positive Youth Development (PYD), young people are understood to embody potential, awaiting development. Involvement with sport provides a developmental context that has been associated with PYD, but negative outcomes can also arise from sport participation and school PE. Sport itself does not lead to PYD; rather, it is the manner in which sport is structured and delivered to children that influences their development. Positive Youth Development Through Sport fills a void in the literature by bringing together experts from diverse disciplines to critically examine the ways in which sport can be and has been used to promote youth development.
Author: Leischa Augusta Teresa Strachan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Research in the field of developmental psychology has highlighted the importance of structured activities in providing positive experiences and outcomes for youth. In particular, youth participation in organized sport has been linked to the development of physical, motor, and psychosocial skills. Although these outcomes have been discussed in the sport psychology literature, it is not clear how positive youth development may be facilitated through sport. An ecological approach was used to examine developmental processes, personal characteristics, contextual factors, and time elements that may be linked to youth sport participation and positive development. Study 1 used a quantitative methodology to examine the relationship between developmental asset possession and youth sport outcomes such as burnout and enjoyment. Of the eight asset categories examined, four emerged as significant predictors of burnout and/or enjoyment. Specifically, positive identity, support, and empowerment were linked to burnout and positive identity, empowerment, and social competencies were linked to enjoyment. Study 2 also utilized a quantitative methodology in order to investigate differences between a group of youth sport "specializers" and a group of youth sport "samplers". Outcomes including burnout, enjoyment, and developmental assets were compared as well as experiences in sport. The groups did not differ in developmental asset possession or in sources of enjoyment. However, "samplers" reported more experiences integrating sport, family, and community whereas "specializers" were more likely to have more experiences with diverse peer groups. The "specializers" also reported higher levels of burnout (i.e., exhaustion) relating to their sport participation. Study 3 examined the development of positive youth within a sport specialization context. Through the use of interviews with elite youth sport coaches and practice observations, four characteristics (i.e., appropriate training structure, opportunities for personal and social development, opportunities for physical and motor skill development, and the presence of supportive interactions) were developed outlining how elite sport settings can enable the development of positive youth. This line of research highlighted the key role of the sport experience in promoting positive youth development. If youth sport programs are delivered with an emphasis on skill development in conjunction with the growth of key assets and an appropriate contextual experience, young people have the potential to emerge as healthy, secure, and positive citizens who feel valued and invested within their homes and communities.
Author: Nicholas L. Holt
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317486110
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Cutting through the political rhetoric about the power of sport as a tool for social change and personal improvement, this book offers insight into how and why participating in sport can be good for children and young people. As the first text to focus on the role of sport in positive youth development (PYD), it brings together high-profile contributors from diverse disciplines to examine critically the ways in which sport can be used to promote youth development. Now in a fully updated, revised and expanded new edition, Positive Youth Development through Sport covers a wider range of disciplines including sport psychology, development psychology, physical education, sport development and sport sociology. Its three main sections focus on: the theoretical and historical contexts of PYD quantitative and qualitative methods for assessing PYD in sport the potential of PYD in sport across different ages and abilities. With expanded guidance on how to apply positive youth development in practice, this is essential reading for all students, researchers, educators, practitioners and policy makers with an interest in youth sport.
Author: Nicholas L. Holt
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040045979
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Cutting through the political rhetoric about the power of sport as a tool for social change and personal improvement, this book offers insight into how and why participating in sport can be good for children and young people. Still the only book to focus on the role of sport in positive youth development (PYD), it brings together high-profile contributors from diverse disciplines to critically examine the ways in which sport can be used to promote youth development. Now in a fully updated, revised, and expanded third edition, Positive Youth Development through Sport covers a wider range of disciplines including sport psychology, development psychology, physical education, sport development, and sport sociology. With every chapter asking why, what, so what, and what next, the book introduces the theoretical basis and historical context of PYD, quantitative and qualitative methods for assessing PYD in sport, and the potential of PYD in sport across different ages and abilities. This edition includes brand-new chapters on PYD in schools, in Indigenous populations, and across the lifespan, as well as new material on evaluating PYD programs and new case studies of PYD around the world. This is invaluable reading for all students, researchers, educators, practitioners, programmers, and policy makers with an interest in youth sport.
Author: Travis William McIsaac
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Sport is a popular activity among youth, and has the potential to positively influence the lives of its participants. However, the outcomes associated with sport participation are not invariably positive; thus, understanding the influence of negative sport experiences is important. There is a scarcity of research on the relationship between negative sport experiences and positive youth development. The purpose of the present study was to explore three types of experiences - athlete burnout, competitive anxiety, and negative coach-athlete relationships - in their relation to positive youth development as measured by the developmental assets framework. Seventy-two male and female youth sport participants completed surveys, either on-site or via an online survey platform. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between the independent variables represented by the subscales of the respective sport measures, and the dependent variable of positive youth development. Results of these analyses show the emergence of only one predictor variable, that being the factor of complementarity within the coach-athlete relationship, which demonstrated a positive association with the developmental outcome of empowerment. Such an association suggests that high complementarity could potentially contribute to enhanced feelings of empowerment. Given the influential role that coaches play in the lives of youth, this relationship might not be particularly surprising. However, while this finding was encouraging, complementarity within the coach-athlete relationship involves positive interactions. Given that the present study sought to explore the impact of negative sport experiences, uncovering an association between a more negative sport construct and positive development could have proven more empirically valuable.
Author: Stephen F Hamilton
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1506319920
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 425
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Book Description
"In recent years, the fields of psychology and human development have focused growing attention on issues of positive youth development. . . . This volume provides a tool that can be used by researchers, practitioners, and policy makers alike to build collective efforts to enhance the well-being of youth. . . . Professor Hamilton is one of the most respected scholars in the country. There is no doubt in my mind that this volume will not only make a significant contribution in the field, but more important, that it is a volume that will be utilized across disciplines and professions." —Francisco A. Villarruel, Michigan State University "The conceptualization and comprehensiveness are excellent. The book also deals with a newly emerging and exciting field and hence is at the forefront of research, policy, and practice. . . . a useful resource." —Lonnie Sherrod, Fordham University "Both timely and potentially very useful...nothing nearly as inclusive as this youth development handbook now exists." —John Kretzmann, Northwestern University "A handbook like this is a good idea because of the interest in communities and colleges in this topic and because of the number of programs being developed targeted at adolescents. . . . I believe the book will serve as a useful reference for scholars, policy makers, and program development specialists. . . . There are no other comparable resources that focus on exemplary programs and community development issues." —Philip Newman, University of Rhode Island What are the types of environments in which youth thrive? How do we cultivate such environments to promote optimal development and positive behavior in youth? The Youth Development Handbook: Coming of Age in American Communities provides youth and development practitioners access to current theory and research in the field of youth development, including illustrations of good practice, original case studies, and a contextual approach to such topics as youth participation and diversity. Because youth practitioners typically identify themselves with one or more contexts, such as youth-serving organizations or faith-based organizations, editors Stephen F. Hamilton and Mary Agnes Hamilton have arranged the book so that each chapter explores the application of youth development principles to its context, drawing on current research. Part I of the book is organized around contexts in which adolescents grow up, such as schools, workplaces, families, peer groups, youth-serving organizations, faith-based organizations, recreation groups, juvenile courts, health clinics, neighborhoods, and cyberspace. Part II addresses broader issues such as evaluation, funding, and community-wide initiatives and the concluding chapter identifies themes that cut across contexts, including mentoring, universal vs. targeted approaches, and evidence-based practice. Features of this volume: Chapters written expressly for the book by established scholars committed to learning from the field and making research useful to practitioners in everyday life. Rather than a "how-to" guide, the book is a source of information and ideas for use in planning programs, training practitioners, and understanding the perspectives of partners in community collaborations. Original case studies provide illustrations of good practice in working with youth to optimize growth and development in varied settings such as the family, school, youth organizations, and workplaces. Serves as both a useful reference and as a "state of the art" account of youth development as a field. The Youth Development Handbook is designed for scholars and researchers in applied developmental science as well as practitioners and policy makers who implement youth development initiatives. The book is also recommended for use in graduate courses on youth development in the fields of Psychology, Human Development & Family Studies, and Education.
Author: Dieter Hackfort
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351739549
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 703
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Book Description
The Routledge International Encyclopedia of Sport and Exercise Psychology integrates the topics of motor control, physical education, exercise, adventure, performance in sports, and the performing arts, in several important ways and contexts, drawing upon diverse cultural perspectives. More than 90 overarching topics have been systematically developed by internationally renowned experts in theory, research, and practice. Each contribution delves into a thematic area with more nuanced vocabulary. The terminology drawn upon integrates traditional discourse and emerging topic matter into a state-of-the-art two-volume set. Volume 1: Theoretical and Methodological Concepts is comprised of theoretical topic matter, spanning theories and terminology from psychology contextualized to sport and physical activity, sport psychology-focused theories, and expansive discussions related to philosophy of science and methodology. Volume 2: Applied and Practical Measures draws upon practical concepts that bridge theory and research and practice. Broader issues that extend beyond sport and physical activity participants are embedded within the entries, intended to augment physical, mental, and social well-being. This expansive encyclopedia is a must-have resource for all professionals, scholars, and students in the fields of sport psychology and sport science.
Author: Kelly Webdale (Ottenbrite)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Relative age occurs when youth are placed into age groups in sport and education. Relative Age Effects (RAE) indicate that being born closer to the cutoff date holds an advantage in sport and academic outcomes. Study 1 explores what effects relative age has on educational achievement, participation in school and extracurricular sport and physical education, and positive youth development (PYD). Methods. A secondary analysis of Ontario secondary school students (N= 22,915) age 13 to 18 from the COMPASS study was carried out. The influence of relative age on academic achievement, sport and physical activity participation, and feelings of connectedness were considered. Results. Statistically significant relationships were found between relative age and academic achievement in math and English, relative age and sport participation, and relative age and feelings of connectedness. Feelings of connectedness were related to sport participation as well as higher academic achievement, for all quartiles. Study 2, a systematic review of the relative age literature between January 1980 and May 2016, aimed to assess the strengths and weaknesses of various proposed solutions to relative age effects (RAEs) in youth sport. Results. Forty-one peer-reviewed publications and three articles from online sources met the criteria for inclusion. Most solutions were theoretical and the majority of solutions proposed attempt to address environmental constraints (rather than task or individual) and seek to change sport systems or alter cut-off dates. Many of the solutions proposed would also be difficult to implement. Conclusions: Future research should seek to investigate the effects of relative age on youth sport and educational outcomes, especially as related to connectedness and PYD, and the consideration of other multi-dimensional aspects of youths' developmental ecology. Future research should also seek to test possible proposed solutions to RAEs in sport.
Author: Keita Kinoshita
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Participation in sport has well-documented physical, psychological and social benefits that can lead to positive youth development (c.f., Eime, Young, Harvey, Charity, & Payne, 2013; Hebert, Møller, Andersen, & Wedderkopp, 2015; Vandell, Larson, Mahoney, & Watts, 2015) as well as youths' thriving (Zarrett & Lerner, 2008). However, evidence continues to demonstrate that the number of sport participants in Canada and Japan continues to decline (Canadian Heritage, 2013, Statistics Canada, 2019; Nippon Junior High School Physical Culture Association, 2017). Such trends indicate the importance of understanding the psychological factors and the mechanisms of the relationships which may be important in determining how to keep young people in sport and optimally functioning. As thriving has been a popular topic in psychology research for two decades (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, 2000), recent evidence suggests that the concept of thriving is a positive predictor of desired outcomes such as retention, well-being, and performance (e.g., Porath, Spreitzer, Gibson, & Garnett, 2012; Ren, Yunlu, Shaffer, & Fodchuk, 2015). Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000, 2017), a well-cited tenet explaining human motivation and function, has concomitantly been utilized to explain the relationship between motivational factors and thriving (Ryan & Deci, 2017; Spreitzer & Porath, 2014). Since motivation is a key element for sport continuation and positive functioning (Roberts, 2012), the current dissertation focused on the investigation of the psychological mechanism underlying youth athletes' thriving by examining self-determination theory. The overall purpose of this dissertation was to examine the psychological mechanism underlying thriving within a youth sport context. To do so, the current dissertation involved three different studies. Study 1 investigated the mechanism underlying youth athletes' thriving with specific consideration regarding personal predictable factors and the consequences. Study 2 tested the buffering effect of mental toughness on the negative indirect relationships between basic psychological need thwarting and important outcomes for youth athletes' positive functioning (intention to continue, subjective well-being in sport, and goal progress) through thriving. Study 3 examined how personal and social factors are related to thriving, in turn associating with important outcome variables of interest. In Study 1, the results revealed that basic psychological need satisfaction are positively associated with intention to continue in sport, subjective well-being in sport, and goal progress through thriving. Furthermore, both hedonic and eudaimonic motives were indirectly related to thriving through basic psychological need satisfaction. Lastly, hedonic and eudaimonic motives were positively related to intention to continue in sport, subjective well-being in sport, and goal progress through basic psychological need satisfaction and thriving. The findings from study 1 contribute to nurturing the body of literature in the self-determination theory by presenting a comprehensive model to enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thriving within the youth sport context. In addition, hedonic and eudaimonic motives have been rarely applied to the sport context and the youth participants in particular. As motives are more broadly defined than the reasons for behaviors (Cambridge University, 2001), the present study indicated that youth athletes' motivational orientations (e.g., hedonic seeking or eudaimonic seeking for their sport participation) would have important meanings in their sport participation to increase the experience and thriving and positive functioning. In Study 2, the results demonstrated significant moderating effects of mental toughness on the indirect associations between basic psychological need thwarting and the outcomes through thriving. In other words, the negative impacts of basic psychological need thwarting on important outcomes were weakest for those participants who showed high mental toughness and strongest for the individuals with low mental toughness. The results demonstrated novel findings in that the mediating role of thriving between a motivational factor and outcome variables were moderated by the degree of mental toughness. Lastly, in Study 3, the results demonstrated that the social factors (i.e., autonomy supportiveness of both coaches and parents) were positively related to thriving and intrinsic regulation three months later through increased basic psychological need satisfaction. Additionally, hedonic motives did not predict thriving while eudaimonic motives indirectly predicted thriving and intrinsic regulation through basic psychological need satisfaction. Eudaimonic motives, but not hedonic motives, positively predicted intrinsic motivation three months later through basic psychological need satisfaction. Although previous research demonstrated significant relationships with high degrees of self-determined motivation regulation (e.g., intrinsic regulation) and both hedonic and eudaimonic experience (i.e., Waterman et al., 2008), our research demonstrated only eudaimonic motives were positively related to intrinsic regulation. Furthermore, the study found that hedonic motives did not indirectly predict thriving through basic psychological need satisfaction while eudaimonic motives predicted thriving through basic psychological need satisfaction. Since both social factors were significantly associated with intrinsic regulation and thriving through basic psychological need satisfaction, hedonic motives were not an important predictor of the enhancement in youth athletes' intrinsic regulation and thriving when comparing with another personal factor (eudaimonic motives) and the social factors (i.e., autonomy supportiveness of coaches and parents). Overall, this thesis provides a greater theoretical understanding of the comprehensive mechanism underlying thriving within a youth sport context by using a theory of motivation. As the dissertation examined both personal and social factors affecting youth thriving, the results provide insight into the ways in which youth can thrive and thus, implications are also drawn for important stakeholders in sport.
