Author: Carrie Catherine Ortel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crop rotation
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Little is known about the effects of soybean (Glycine max L.) management techniques on soil-nitrogen (N) credit development and its impact on the subsequent rice (Oryza sativa L.) crop's success. This study was conducted to determine how soybean maturity group (MG) and planting date effect overall soybean productivity and its influence on the following rice crop. Various soybean planting dates (optimum and late) and MGs (3.5, 4.7, 5.4, and 5.6) were grown and followed in rotation with a rice crop. Six rates of pre-flood fertilizer-N (0, 44, 89, 134, 179, 224 kg N ha-1) were applied to the rice crop. Soybean grain yield was significantly different amongst MGs in both 2016 (P = 0.0012) and 2017 (P = 0.0004), with the 4.7 relative MG consistently yielding the highest. Soybean total N uptake (TNU) increased with increasing grain yield (P = 0.0167) when all site years were analyzed together. The net N returned to the soil through biomass residue was not significantly influenced by planting date (P = 0.7796) or MG (P = 0.3475).The rice grown in clay soil produced a higher grain yield when following a 5.4 MG soybean (P
Author: R. K. Pandey
Publisher: Int. Rice Res. Inst.
ISBN: 9711041685
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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The soybean crop; The seed, Seedling growth; Growth stages - vegetative phase; Growth stages - flowering; Growth stages - pod development; The roots; Root nodules and nitrogen fixing; Growing soybean; Environement; Water; Chooosing the right variety; Tillage and planting; Fertilizer and lime; Growing conditions and dry matter production; Harvesting and storing soybean; Increasing yields and profits; yield components; Production factors; Yield reducers - weeds; Yield reducers - insect pests; Yield reducers - diseases; Soybean in other cropping systems; Sequence cropping; Intercropping; strip-cropping.
Author: Thomas Bernard Siler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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The practice of early-season soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] planting has been increasing in the northern US. However, a wide range of planting dates (PDs) are still implemented due to poor soil conditions, inclement weather, equipment restrictions, crop rotation, and operation size. Information regarding how soybean management decisions should be adjusted based on PD is lacking in Michigan and other northern US regions. This research was conducted to identify how optimal soybean seeding rate (SR), seed treatment (ST) use, and variety maturity group (MG) selection is determined by PD. Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Michigan during the 2018 and 2019 growing season. In the first experiment, soybean was planted at five SRs, between 123,553 and 518,921 seeds ha−1, with or without a ST, on four PDs (late-April to late-June). In the second experiment, six soybean MGs, between 1.0 and 3.5, were planted on four PDs (late-April to late-June). The use of a ST did not improve yield or net returns in this study. When soybean was planted before mid-May, seed yield and net returns were maximized by planting a late MG (≥ 3.0) at a SR between 187,660 and 201,451 seeds ha−1. The optimal SR between the mid-May and early-June PDs was between 220,301 and 265,305 seeds ha−1 and MG selection had less influence on seed yield compared to earlier PDs. When planting was delayed to late-June, using an early MG (≤ 2.5) resulted in the optimal yield and the optimal SR was > 330,000. Results from this study show that soybean yield, quality, and net returns can be improved by adjusting management practices based on PD.
Author: Cassandra Tkachuk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) planting date and plant density are agronomic decisions made simultaneously at the beginning of the growing season that can be used to maximize yield and economic return. Research on these basic soybean agronomic decisions must be conducted to support the expansion of soybean production in northern growing regions of the Northern Great Plains (NGP). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of planting dates based on soil temperature on soybean emergence, maturity, and yield for short and long season varieties in Manitoba, and to determine optimum soybean plant density for early to very late planting dates in northern growing regions of the NGP. In the first experiment, calendar date had a greater influence than soil temperature at planting on soybean yield. Soybean yield declined with later planting rather than increasing soil temperature at planting. The earliest planting dates resulted in the greatest soybean yields. In the second experiment, soybean yield-density relationships were responsive to planting date. Yield-density relationships formed early/mid (May 4 to 26) and late/very late (June 2 to 23) planting date groups for combined site years. Early/mid planting dates resulted in greater maximum yields. According to the yield-density model, true yield maximization did not occur for any planting dates and site years within the range of plant densities tested in this field study. Soybean economic optimum seed densities (EOSDs) were much lower than predicted plant densities that maximized yield. Soybean EOSDs were identified as 492,000 and 314,000 seeds ha-1 by marginal cost analysis for early/mid and late/very late planting, respectfully. These values were sensitive to changes in soybean grain price and seed cost. Thus, growers need to adjust EOSDs for changes in price and cost. A combined analysis of soybean yields from both experiments using similar target plant densities determined that a significant negative linear relationship existed between soybean yield and planting date. The greatest soybean yields resulted from early planting and declined by 16 kg ha-1 for each one-day delay in planting from Apr 27 to June 16. However, yield responses varied among site years. The overall recommendation from this study would be to plant soybeans during the month of May at a profit-maximizing seed density, accounting for fluctuating grain price and seed cost.
Author: Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: Carl H. Hovermale
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: Wayde Looker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy crops
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Ohio contains many acres of continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production that may benefit from the incorporation of a fall-planted cover crop. Timely planting is extremely important when establishing a fall-planted cover crop. To ensure that cover crops are planted in a timely manner, soybean varieties with an earlier relative maturity may be planted so that soybeans are harvested earlier in the fall allowing for more timely cover crop planting. However, soybean relative maturity also impacts soybean grain yield, with earlier maturing varieties yielding less compared to later maturing varieties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between relative maturity and grain yield, plant height, seed protein content, seed oil content and number of days to anthesis and physiological maturity. This study was completed during 2017 and 2018 at the Northwest Agricultural Research Station (NWARS) in Custar, Ohio, and the Western Agricultural Research Station (WARS) in South Charleston, Ohio. Grain yield, plant height, maturity date, and grain protein and oil concentration were measured. All measurements were taken just prior to or at harvest when grain was near 13% moisture content. Soybean yields plateaued at a 2.9 maturity at NWARS and 3.2 maturity at WARS. It was also determined that the earliest maturities reached the R8 growth stage approximately one month before the latest maturities (29.9 days at NWARS and 36.5 days at WARS) while the difference was about 10 days for R1 (8.7 days at NWARS and 12 days at WARS). Plant height held a linear relationship to relative maturity and increased as relative maturity increased. Seed protein content and seed oil content also held a linear relationship to relative maturity. Biomass accumulation is a useful way to measure the amount of vegetative growth produced by a cereal rye and oat cover crop. However, biomass measurements can be slow and labor intensive and a faster method may be available to estimate the accumulated biomass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), fractional green canopy cover (FGCC), and biomass of a cereal rye and oat cover crop. This study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 at WARS and NWARS using a split plot randomized complete block design with four replications of treatments. The main plot factor was four cover crop planting dates (late September to late October) and the sub-plot factor was two cover crop termination dates (late April and early May). Normalized difference vegetation index measurements, FGCC measurements, and biomass samples were collected in the fall and spring at each location. The results showed a quadratic relationship between both NDVI and FGCC to the biomass of the cereal rye and oat cover crop. However, the adjusted R2 value and the RMSE of the FGCC was greater, suggesting that the FGCC was a better indicator of biomass compared to NDVI.
Author: Mengxuan Hu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Abstract: Planting date plays a significant role in determining soybean growth, development and seed yield. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of late planting date, management system, and maturity group on the growth, development and seed yield of maturity group VII and VIII soybean under dry land conditions in the Southeastern coastal plain of the United States. Plant growth and development, seed yield, yield components, and seed oil and protein concentrations were evaluated throughout the season. These experiments were conducted in South Carolina at the Edisto Research and Education Center near Blackville and the Pee Dee Research and Education Center near Florence. Soybean was planted at four weekly intervals starting on 15-June in both 2011 and 2012. Pioneer 97M50 (a MG VII determinate variety) and Prichard Roundup Ready (a MG VIII determinate variety) were selected based on their adaptation to the Southeast. The two management systems were: a strip-till (ST) system using a John Deere MaxEmerge Vaccum planter + Unverferth 300 strip till with 96-cm row spacing and a drilled no-till (NT) planting system with 19-cm row spacing. Plant growth was evaluated based on leaf area index (LAI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and plant height (HT). Plant development was calculated based on the duration (days) of growth stages. Growth stages were recorded weekly from 10 randomly selected plants in each plot. The beginning of each stage was determined when at least 50% of plants were at that stage. Overall, planting after 22 June appeared to reduce seed yield. The ST system increased the seed yield compared to the drilled NT system. Yields were greater for the MG VIII variety than the MG VII variety. LAI, NDVI, and HT at R2 and R4 were generally reduced with delayed planting dates. Later planting shortened the duration of both vegetative and reproductive growth stages for both MG VII and VIII soybeans. Shortened duration of vegetative growth and seed filling period might have contributed most to the lower yields observed in delayed planting dates. Planting date did not affect either protein or oil concentration. Protein concentration in the seed was found to be significantly higher and oil concentration lower in soybean grown in the ST system than in the drilled NT system. Positive correlations were found between: seed yield and LAI, NDVI, and HT at R2 and R4; seed yield and duration of vegetative and seed filling growth period; and seed yield and dry weight of each plant part (branches, stems, petioles, leaves, and pods).
Author: Adam Paul Gaspar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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As soybeans have become a major U.S. crop and key component in different cropping systems over the past half century, advancements in breeding and production practices have shown gains in yield and economic profitability for producers. Important production considerations included soil fertility, proper maturity group (MG) selection, and planting date. In southern Wisconsin, maximum yields are reduced by 21.2 kg ha-1 day-1 after May 10th (Gaspar and Conley, 2015). Growers have realized this effect and gradually shifted their soybean planting earlier. However, some believe that while producers are planting earlier and experiencing a longer growing season, they have not adequately adjusted their soybean MG’s. Coincident with earlier planting dates is the increased risk of sub-optimal stands and the need for replanting some years. Proper replanting methods (fill-in) and optimal final plant stands (>247,000 plants ha-1) have been determined by Gaspar and Conley (2015) but again, the proper MG to use in replant or essentially late planting scenarios to maximize yield and avoid fall frost damage is unclear. This document provides data demonstrating the importance of MG selection and the negative impact of delayed planting in the Northern Corn Belt. Economically and environmentally sustainable soil fertility programs are a necessity for modern soybean production systems. Unfortunately, soybean nutrient uptake and partitioning models are primarily built from work conducted in the early 1960’s with obsolete soybean genetics and production practices (Hanway and Weber, 1971a; Hanway and Weber, 1971b). Since the 1960’s, yields have nearly doubled to 2906 kg ha-1 in 2013 (USDA-NASS, 2014b) and soybean physiology has been altered with approximately one additional week of reproductive growth (Rowntree et al., 2014) and greater harvest index’s (HI) (Kumudini et al., 2001) for currently cultivated varieties. More precise and accurate estimates have the potential to increase grower profitability by applying only what the crop needs while possibly decreasing the environmental impact in terms of nutrient loads in the Mississippi watershed, which accounts for more than 90% of all US soybean acres (USDA-ERS, 2014). This document highlights large changes in nutrient uptake, partitioning, and removal of current soybean genetics and production practices.
Author: Carlos Roberto Spehar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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