Evaluation of Predicted Deceleration Values From the Stress-Energy Method Compared to Actual Deceleration Values From the ASTM D1596 Test Method PDF Download
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Author: Matthew Daum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cushion curve
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
In recent years a simplified method for generating cushion curves, called stress-energy, has been presented as an alternative to ASTM D1596. A frequent question regarding the stress-energy method is the accuracy of the predicted deceleration compared to actual deceleration. This study compares the predicted deceleration values from the stress-energy method to the actual deceleration values collected from the ASTM D1596 test method for several data sets of EPS and EPE molded foam. Results show the average difference between the stress-energy predicted deceleration and the actual ASTM D1596 deceleration values to be 10 % or less for 144.2 kg/m3 EPE. Evaluating 20.0 kg/m3 EPS, the average difference between predicted and actual deceleration values is about 12 % or less. The study also found drop to drop deceleration to vary widely, so average actual deceleration was also evaluated compared to the predicted stress-energy deceleration. As a result, both the EPE and EPS predicted deceleration can be shown to be within ±10% of the actual averaged deceleration, an accuracy useful for practical application.
Author: Matthew Daum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cushion curve
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
In recent years a simplified method for generating cushion curves, called stress-energy, has been presented as an alternative to ASTM D1596. A frequent question regarding the stress-energy method is the accuracy of the predicted deceleration compared to actual deceleration. This study compares the predicted deceleration values from the stress-energy method to the actual deceleration values collected from the ASTM D1596 test method for several data sets of EPS and EPE molded foam. Results show the average difference between the stress-energy predicted deceleration and the actual ASTM D1596 deceleration values to be 10 % or less for 144.2 kg/m3 EPE. Evaluating 20.0 kg/m3 EPS, the average difference between predicted and actual deceleration values is about 12 % or less. The study also found drop to drop deceleration to vary widely, so average actual deceleration was also evaluated compared to the predicted stress-energy deceleration. As a result, both the EPE and EPS predicted deceleration can be shown to be within ±10% of the actual averaged deceleration, an accuracy useful for practical application.
Author: Kendalyn Paulin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cushion curves
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Book Description
The stress-energy method is a proposed alternative to ASTM D1596 that reduces all drop height, thickness, and static load combinations into a single equation that can be used to generate any reasonable cushion curve for a particular material. There remains a question as to how accurately the stress-energy method can predict deceleration values and whether it is statistically comparable to the method described in ASTM D1596. There are three phases to this research that attempt to determine the accuracy of the stress-energy method: gathering data using the stress-energy method and analyzing the goodness of fit of the stress-energy equation, predicting a cushion curve and observing the upper and lower bounds for a given drop height and thickness, and using ASTM D1596 to create a cushion curve with the same drop height and thickness and comparing it to the predicted cushion curve. Analyzing ten stress-energy data sets using the root mean square error in addition to the coefficient of determination provided a more thorough goodness of fit analysis. Utilizing the stress-energy method to predict cushion curves produced minimal errors and similar decelerations when compared to six actual cushion curve data sets.
Author: Herbert Seaman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Parachutes
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
This memorandum presents a method of predicting selected performance characteristics of aerodynamic deceleration devices. Basic trajectory equations were developed and then expanded through the application of accepted principles which influence the performance of deceleration devices. Incompressible flow and compressible flow were considered. A particular set of equations were developed to model ribless guide surface parachute performance in the troposphere at speeds less than Mach 1. A comparison of samples of actual and predicted test data is also presented to illustrate the relative accuracy of this method of prediction.
Author: W. D. Godshall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Containers
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Author: Pratima Bajpai
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0124171699
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
Paper recycling in an increasingly environmentally conscious world is gaining importance. Increased recycling activities are being driven by robust overseas markets as well as domestic demand. Recycled fibers play a very important role today in the global paper industry as a substitute for virgin pulps. Paper recovery rates continue to increase year after year Recycling technologies have been improved in recent years by advances in pulping, flotation deinking and cleaning/screening, resulting in the quality of paper made from secondary fibres approaching that of virgin paper. The process is a lot more eco-friendly than the virgin-papermaking process, using less energy and natural resources, produce less solid waste and fewer atmospheric emissions, and helps to preserve natural resources and landfill space. Currently more than half of the paper is produced from recovered papers. Most of them are used to produce brown grades paper and board but for the last two decades, there is a substantial increase in the use of recovered papers to produce, through deinking, white grades such as newsprint, tissue, market pulp. By using recycled paper, companies can take a significant step toward reducing their overall environmental impacts. This study deals with the scientific and technical advances in recycling and deinking including new developments. - Covers in great depth all the aspects of recycling technologies - Covers the latest science and technology in recycling - Provides up-to-date, authoritative information and cites many mills experiences and pertinent research - Includes the use of biotech methods for deinking, refining. and improving drainage
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Nigel Mills
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080475442
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 562
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Book Description
This handbook explores the applications of polymer foams, and the properties that make them suitable for so many applications, in the detail required by postgraduate students, researchers and the many industrial engineers and designers who work with polymer foam in industry. It covers the mechanical properties of foams and foam microstructure, processing of foams, mechanical testing and analysis (using Finite element analysis). In addition, it uniquely offers a broader perspective on the actual engineering of foams and foam based (or foam including) products by including nine detailed case studies which firmly plant the theory of the book in a real world context, making it ideal for both polymer engineers and chemists and mechanical engineers and product designers.*Complete coverage of the mechanical and design aspects of polymer foams from an acknowledged international expert: no other book is available with this breadth making this a plastics engineer's first choice for a single volume Handbook*Polymer foams are ubiquitous in modern life, used everywhere from running shoes to furniture, and this book includes nine extensive case studies covering each key class of application, including biomechanics*Offers a rigorous mechanical and microstructure perspective, plus a computer based chapter: Essential for engineers and designers alike.
Author: N.C. Hilyard
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401112568
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 381
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Book Description
Foams are gas filled integral structures in which the gas is finely dispersed throughout acontinuouslyconnected solid phase. The bulk density is usually substantially lower than that of the solid component, and for the foams which form the focus for this book the volume fraction of the gas phase is considerably greater than 0.5 and in most instances in excess of 0.9. Many ofthe materials encountered in every day experience, such as bread, plants and trees, structural materials for buildings, comfort materials for domestic and automotive seating, shock absorbers or car bumpers and materials for noise control, have one thing in common - the cellular nature of their physical structure. Whyare thesestructuressoimportantin the naturaland man-made world? The reasons are both technical and commercial. From a technical viewpoint cellular materials offer: 1. high specific stiffness and strength - making them suitable for structural applications; 2. closeto idealenergymanagement - hencetheir useinthermalandacoustic insulation, vibration damping, acoustic absorption and shock mitigation; and 3. comfort - hence their use for domestic and automotive seating.
Author: Susan E.M. Selke
Publisher: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG
ISBN: 1569908230
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
Plastic materials continue to play a vital and growing role in packaging applications. It is thus more important than ever that all involved in the packaging industry command a basic understanding of the properties of the common packaging plastics. This highly regarded book provides just that to students and packaging professionals alike: material properties and how they relate to the chemical structure of the polymers, common processing methods for packaging applications, help with writing specifications, designing, fabricating, testing, and controlling the quality of the plastic material are covered comprehensively. The fourth edition has major revisions in discussions of sustainability, recycling, and design for sustainability. Coverage of biodegradable and biobased plastics is also increased. Discussion of coatings is also expanded. Further updates and enhancements throughout ensure Plastics Packaging remains an indispensable resource for both the packaging expert and the novice.
Author: Kit L. Yam
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470541385
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1368
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Book Description
The complete and authoritative guide to modern packaging technologies —updated and expanded From A to Z, The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology, Third Edition covers all aspects of packaging technologies essential to the food and pharmaceutical industries, among others. This edition has been thoroughly updated and expanded to include important innovations and changes in materials, processes, and technologies that have occurred over the past decade. It is an invaluable resource for packaging technologists, scientists and engineers, students and educators, packaging material suppliers, packaging converters, packaging machinery manufacturers, processors, retailers, and regulatory agencies. In addition to updating and improving articles from the previous edition, new articles are also added to cover the recent advances and developments in packaging. Content new to this edition includes: Advanced packaging materials such as antimicrobial materials, biobased materials, nanocomposite materials, ceramic-coated films, and perforated films Advanced packaging technologies such as active and intelligent packaging, radio frequency identification (RFID), controlled release packaging, smart blending, nanotechnology, biosensor technology, and package integrity inspection Various aspects important to packaging such as sustainable packaging, migration, lipid oxidation, light protection, and intellectual property Contributions from experts in all-important aspects of packaging Extensive cross-referencing and easy-to-access information on all subjects Large, double-column format for easy reference
