Evaluación del riesgo sísmico mediante métodos avanzados y técnicas GIS. Aplicación a la ciudad de Barcelona PDF Download
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Languages : es
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Este trabajo es una contribución al desarrollo y aplicación de métodos avanzados de análisis de riesgo sísmico en grandes ciudades y se ha estructurado en dos partes: la primera establece el marco teórico de los estudios de riesgo sísmico, detallando los modelos y desarrollos avanzados para la evaluación del daño físico sobre edificios residenciales y de su impacto sobre la población, así como otros aspectos con él relacionados; la segunda describe la aplicación a Barcelona. Se usan dos métodos que se aplican a dos escenarios. El primer método, al que nos referimos como Método del Índice de vulnerabilidad (MIV), considera cinco estados de daño no nulo, define la acción en términos de intensidad macrosísmica y el edificio mediante un índice de vulnerabilidad; el grado de daño esperado se efectúa mediante funciones semiempíricas que dependen de la intensidad y del índice de vulnerabilidad. El segundo método, al que nos referimos como Método del Espectro de Capacidad (MEC) considera cuatro estados de daño no nulo, define la acción sísmica en términos de espectros de respuesta, y el edificio por medio de su espectro de capacidad. El grado de daño esperado se obtiene mediante el desarrollo de curvas de fragilidad y matrices de probabilidad de daño. Para la aplicación de ambos métodos a Barcelona se usa un escenario determinista y uno probabilista. Otra de las aportaciones relevantes de esta investigación es la creación de una herramienta, potente y versátil, diseñada sobre un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) o Geographic Information System (GIS). Esta aplicación permite la integración, explotación y gestión de los datos. Este tipo de programas es imprescindible para cartografiar escenarios georreferenciados y va más allá de la aplicación concreta, pues su actualización es rápida y es de fácil adaptación para estudios de otros riesgos en la misma ciudad o en otras ciudades. Los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con la evolución histórica de la ciudad y con su c.
Author:
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Languages : es
Pages :
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Book Description
Este trabajo es una contribución al desarrollo y aplicación de métodos avanzados de análisis de riesgo sísmico en grandes ciudades y se ha estructurado en dos partes: la primera establece el marco teórico de los estudios de riesgo sísmico, detallando los modelos y desarrollos avanzados para la evaluación del daño físico sobre edificios residenciales y de su impacto sobre la población, así como otros aspectos con él relacionados; la segunda describe la aplicación a Barcelona. Se usan dos métodos que se aplican a dos escenarios. El primer método, al que nos referimos como Método del Índice de vulnerabilidad (MIV), considera cinco estados de daño no nulo, define la acción en términos de intensidad macrosísmica y el edificio mediante un índice de vulnerabilidad; el grado de daño esperado se efectúa mediante funciones semiempíricas que dependen de la intensidad y del índice de vulnerabilidad. El segundo método, al que nos referimos como Método del Espectro de Capacidad (MEC) considera cuatro estados de daño no nulo, define la acción sísmica en términos de espectros de respuesta, y el edificio por medio de su espectro de capacidad. El grado de daño esperado se obtiene mediante el desarrollo de curvas de fragilidad y matrices de probabilidad de daño. Para la aplicación de ambos métodos a Barcelona se usa un escenario determinista y uno probabilista. Otra de las aportaciones relevantes de esta investigación es la creación de una herramienta, potente y versátil, diseñada sobre un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) o Geographic Information System (GIS). Esta aplicación permite la integración, explotación y gestión de los datos. Este tipo de programas es imprescindible para cartografiar escenarios georreferenciados y va más allá de la aplicación concreta, pues su actualización es rápida y es de fácil adaptación para estudios de otros riesgos en la misma ciudad o en otras ciudades. Los resultados obtenidos son consistentes con la evolución histórica de la ciudad y con su c.
Author: Grazia Brunetta
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319769448
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
This book brings together a series of theory and practice essays on risk management and adaptation in urban contexts within a resilient and multidimensional perspective. The book proposes a transversal approach with regard to the role of spatial planning in promoting and fostering risk management as well as institutions’ challenges for governing risk, particularly in relation to new forms of multi-level governance that may include stakeholders and citizen engagement. The different contributions focus on approaches, policies, and practices able to contrast risks in urban systems generating social inclusion, equity and participation through bottom-up governance forms and co-evolution principles. Case studies focus on lessons learned, as well as the potential and means for their replication and upscaling, also through capacity building and knowledge transfer. Among many other topics, the book explores difficulties encountered in, and creative solutions found, community and local experiences and capacities, organizational processes and integrative institutional, technical approaches to risk issue in cities.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 9781568069944
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
Author: Jörn Birkmann
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0124105483
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 235
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Book Description
Assessment of Vulnerability to Natural Hazards covers the vulnerability of human and environmental systems to climate change and eight natural hazards: earthquakes, floods, landslides, avalanches, forest fires, drought, coastal erosion, and heat waves. This book is an important contribution to the field, clarifying terms and investigating the nature of vulnerability to hazards in general and in various specific European contexts. In addition, this book helps improve understanding of vulnerability and gives thorough methodologies for investigating situations in which people and their environments are vulnerable to hazards. With case studies taken from across Europe, the underlying theoretical frame is transferrable to other geographical contexts, making the content relevant worldwide. - Provides a framework of theory and methodology designed to help researchers and practitioners understand the phenomenon of vulnerability to natural hazards and disasters and to climate change - Contains case studies that illustrate how to apply the methodology in different ways to diverse hazards in varied settings (rural, urban, coastal, mountain, and more) - Describes how to validate the results of methodology application in different situations and how to respond to the needs of diverse groups of stakeholders represented by the public and private sectors, civil society, researchers, and academics
Author: A. H. Waynick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmosphere, Upper
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Author: E. Valsami-Jones
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1843390019
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 681
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Book Description
Phosphorus in Environmental Technology: Principles and Applications, provides a definitive and detailed presentation of state-of-the-art knowledge on the environmental behaviour of phosphorus and its applications to the treatment of waters and soils. Special attention is given to phosphorus removal for recovery technologies, a concept that has emerged over the past 5-6 years. The book features an all-encompassing approach: the fundamental science of phosphorus (chemistry, geochemistry, mineralogy, biology), key aspects of its environmental behaviour and mobility, industrial applications (treatment, removal, recovery) and the principles behind such applications, novel biotechnologies and, importantly, it also addresses socio-economic issues which often influence implementation and the ultimate success of any new technology. A detailed subject index helps the reader to find their way through the different scientific and technological aspects covered, making it an invaluable reference work for students, professionals and consultants dealing with phosphorus-related environmental technologies. State-of-the-art knowledge on the behaviour of phosphorus and its applications to environmental science and technology. Covers all aspects of phosphorus in the environment, engineered and biological systems; an interdisciplinary text.
Author: S. Tanvir Wasti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402045719
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 563
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Book Description
Earthquakes affecting urban areas can lead to catastrophic situations and hazard mitigation requires preparatory measures at all levels. Structural assessment is the diagnosis of the seismic health of buildings. Assessment is the prelude to decisions about rehabilitation or even demolition. The scale of the problem in dense urban settings brings about a need for macro seismic appraisal procedures because large numbers of existing buildings do not conform to the increased requirements of new earthquake codes and specifications or have other deficiencies. It is the vulnerable buildings - liable to cause damage and loss of life - that need immediate attention and urgent appraisal in order to decide if structural rehabilitation and upgrading are feasible. Current economic, efficient and occupant-friendly rehabilitation techniques vary widely and include the application either of precast concrete panels or layers, strips and patches of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) in strategic locations. The papers in this book, many by renowned authorities in earthquake engineering, chart new and vital directions of research and application in the assessment and rehabilitation of buildings in seismic regions. While several papers discuss the probabilistic prediction and quantification of structural damage, others present approaches related with the in-situ and occupant friendly upgrading of buildings and propose both economical and practical techniques to address the problem.
Author: Carlos Sousa Oliveira
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402036086
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 561
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Book Description
* Multidisciplinary approach of risk assessment and management, which can provide more efficient earthquake mitigation. * Transfer of Geo-scientific and engineering knowledge to Civil Protection and insurance agents * Approaches and common practices directly related to the preparation of earthquake emergency plans * Illustrated examples of actual applications, including web sites * Case-studies and information on relevant international projects
Author: Eugenio Oñate
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402033176
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
This book collects state-of-the-art research and technology for design, analysis, construction and maintenance of textile and inflatable structures. Textile composites and inflatable structures have become increasingly popular for a variety of applications in OCo among many other fieldsaOCo civil engineering, architecture and aerospace engineering. Typical examples include membrane roofs and covers, sails, inflatable buildings and pavilions, airships, inflatable furniture, airspace structures etc. The book contains 18 invited contributions written by distinguished authors who participated in the International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflated Structures held in Barcelona from June 30th to July 2nd, 2003. The meeting was one of the Thematic Conferences of the European Community on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences (ECCOMAS). The different chapters discuss recent progress and future research directions in membrane and inflatable structures built with new textile composite materials. Approximately half of the book focuses on describing innovative numerical methods for structural analysis of such structures, such as new nonlinear membrane and shell finite elements. The rest of the chapters present advances in design, construction and maintenance procedures."
Author: G. Woo
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 1848167407
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
1. Natural hazards. 1.1. Causation and association. 1.2. Extra-terrestrial hazards. 1.3. Meteorological hazards. 1.4. Geological hazards. 1.5. Geomorphic hazards. 1.6. Hydrological hazards -- 2. Societal hazards. 2.1. Political violence. 2.2. Infectious disease pandemics. 2.3. Industrial and transportation accidents. 2.4. Fraud catastrophe -- 3. A sense of scale. 3.1. Size scales of natural hazards. 3.2. Hazard spatial scales. 3.3. The human disaster toll. 3.4. Models of a fractal world -- 4. A measure of uncertainty. 4.1. The concept of probability. 4.2. The meaning of uncertainty. 4.3. Aleatory and epistemic uncertainty. 4.4. Probability ambiguity. 4.5. The weighing of evidence -- 5. A matter of time. 5.1. Temporal models of hazards. 5.2. Long-term data records. 5.3. Statistics of extremes -- 6. Catastrophe complexity. 6.1. Emergent catastrophes. 6.2. Financial crashes. 6.3. Ancillary hazards -- 7. Terrorism. 7.1. A thinking man's game. 7.2. Defeating terrorist networks. 7.3. Counter-radicalization -- 8. Forecasting. 8.1. Earthquake forecasting. 8.2. Verification. 8.3. River flows and sea waves. 8.4. Accelerating approach to criticality. 8.5. Evidence-based diagnosis -- 9. Disaster warning. 9.1. Decision in the balance. 9.2. Evacuation. 9.3. The wisdom of experts -- 10. Disaster scenarios. 10.1. Scenario simulation. 10.2. Footprints and vulnerability. 10.3. Fermi problems -- 11. Catastrophe cover. 11.1. Probable maximum loss. 11.2. Coherent risk measures. 11.3. The Samaritan's dilemma -- 12. Catastrophe risk securitization. 12.1. Catastrophe bonds. 12.2. The price of innovation -- 13. Risk horizons. 13.1. Ecological catastrophe. 13.2. Climate change. 13.3. War and conflict resolution
