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Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292705792
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
Value-added tax (VAT) generates significant government revenue in many countries and given their broad coverage, VAT measurements are useful indicators for economic and fiscal analyses. This publication presents the Asian Development Bank’s National Accounts Statistics Value-Added Tax model, which is designed to provide a more consistent measure of non-recoverable VAT on products for national account statistics. Highlighting application results in Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, it explains how the model can be used in balancing and reconciling supply and use tables as well as to assess VAT gaps. The publication shows that the model is relatively simple to apply and its consistency with the supply and use system makes it an attractive tool for policymakers.
Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292705792
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 114
Get Book Here
Book Description
Value-added tax (VAT) generates significant government revenue in many countries and given their broad coverage, VAT measurements are useful indicators for economic and fiscal analyses. This publication presents the Asian Development Bank’s National Accounts Statistics Value-Added Tax model, which is designed to provide a more consistent measure of non-recoverable VAT on products for national account statistics. Highlighting application results in Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan, it explains how the model can be used in balancing and reconciling supply and use tables as well as to assess VAT gaps. The publication shows that the model is relatively simple to apply and its consistency with the supply and use system makes it an attractive tool for policymakers.
Author: Aqib Aslam
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484314484
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 25
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Book Description
This paper sets out the key concepts necessary to calculate trade in value added using input-output tables. We explain the basic structure of an input-output table and the matrix algebra behind the computation of trade in value added statistics. Specifically, we compute measures of domestic value-added, foreign value added, and forward and backward linkages, as well as measures of both a country’s participation and position in global value chains. We work in detail with an example of a global input-output table for 3 countries each with 4 sectors, provided by the Eora Multi-Region Input-Output (MRIO) database. The aim is to provide an introduction to the analysis of global value chains for use in policy work. An accompanying suite of Matlab codes are provided that can be used with the full set of Eora MRIO tables.
Author: Ms.Dora Benedek
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513586351
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
This paper estimates the pass through of VAT changes to consumer prices, using a unique dataset providing disaggregated, monthly data on prices and VAT rates for 17 Eurozone countries over 1999-2013. Pass through is much less than full on average, and differs markedly across types of VAT change. For changes in the standard rate, for instance, final pass through is about 100 percent; for reduced rates it is significantly less, at around 30 percent; and for reclassifications it is essentially zero. We also find: differing dynamics of pass through for durables and non-durables; no significant difference in pass through between rate increases and decreases; signs of non-monotonicity in the relationship between pass through and the breadth of the consumption base affected; and indications of significant anticipation effects together with some evidence of lagged effects in the two years around reform. The results are robust against endogeneity and attenuation bias.
Author: Mr.Santiago Acosta Ormaechea
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 149831418X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Does the design of a tax matter for growth? Assembling a novel dataset for 30 OECD countries over the 1970-2016 period, this paper examines whether the value added tax (VAT) may have different effects on long-run growth depending on whether it is raised through the standard rate or through C-efficiency (a measure of the departure of the VAT from a perfectly enforced tax levied at a single rate on all consumption). Our key findings are twofold. First, for a given total tax revenue, a rise in the VAT, financed by a fall in income taxes, promotes growth only when the VAT is raised through C-efficiency. Second, for a given VAT revenue, a rise in Cefficiency, offset by a fall in the standard rate, also promotes growth. The implication is thus that in OECD countries broadening the VAT base through fewer reduced rates and exemptions is more conducive to higher long-run growth than a rise in the standard rate.
Author: Mr.Eric Hutton
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475583613
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
The IMF Fiscal Affairs Department’s Revenue Administration Gap Analysis Program (RA-GAP) assists revenue administrations from IMF member countries in monitoring taxpayer compliance through tax gap analysis. The RA-GAP methodology for estimating the VAT gap presented in this Technical Note has some distinct advantages over commonly used methodologies. By using a value-added approach to estimating potential VAT revenues, as compared to the more traditional final consumption approach used by most countries undertaking VAT gap estimation, the RA-GAP methodology can provide VAT compliance gap estimates on a sector-by-sector basis, which assists revenue administrations to better target compliance efforts to close the gap. In addition, the RA-GAP methodology uses a unique measurement for actual VAT revenues, which isolates changes in revenue performance that might be due to cash management (e.g., delays in refunds) from those due to actual changes in taxpayer compliance.
Author: Mr.Michael Stanger
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 148438167X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
An Algorithm to Balance Supply and Use Tables
Author: Mr.Thomas F Alexander
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475573103
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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Book Description
To derive real GDP, the System of National Accounts 2008 (2008 SNA) recommends a technique called double deflation. Some countries use single deflation techniques, which fail to capture important relative price changes and introduce estimation errors in official GDP growth. We simulate the effects of single deflation to the GDP data of eight countries that use double deflation. We find that errors due to single deflation can be significant, but their magnitude and direction are not systematic over time and across countries. We conclude that countries still using single deflation should move to double deflation.
Author: OECD
Publisher: Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
ISBN: 9789264272040
Category : Intangible property
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This paper set forth internationally agreed principles and standards for the value added tax (VAT) treatment of the most common types of international transactions, with a particular focus on trade in services and intangibles. Its aim is to minimise inconsistencies in the application of VAT in a cross-border context with a view to reducing uncertainty and risks of double taxation and unintended non-taxation in international trade. It also includes the recommended principles and mechanisms to address the challenges for the collection of VAT on crossborder sales of digital products that had been identified in the context of the OECD/G20 Project on Base and Erosion and Profit Shifting (the BEPS Project).
Author: Lequiller François
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264214631
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
This is an update of OECD 2006 "Understanding National Accounts". It contains new data, new chapters and is adapted to the new systems of national accounts, SNA 2008 and ESA 2010.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264175350
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
This essential Handbook makes underground, hidden, grey economies intelligible and consistently quantifiable. An invaluable tool for statistics producers and users and researchers, the book explains how the non-observed economy can be measured and ...
