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Author: Phemelo Tamasiga
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Phemelo Tamasiga
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
The main objective of this dissertation is to study effects of trade policy such as tariffs and subsidy, and foreign direct investments (FDIs) on the performance of domestic and global economies. The first two essays, Chapters 2 and 3, consider the endogenous growth model of North-South trade with quality ladders. The third essay, Chapter 4, studies effects of FDIs on international R & D spillovers. In Chapter 1, we state the aims and scopes of this dissertation and review the related literature. In Chapter 2, we analyze the steady state effect of tariff imposition in a dynamic general equilibrium model of North-South trade with scale invariant growth, developed by Segerstrom and Dinopoulos (2004). Assuming that each government uses tariff revenue to subsidize domestic R & D, we show that tariff imposition of the South leads to a higher imitation rate (in the South), faster technological change (or quality improvement) in the world, industry shift from the North to the South, and lower wage inequality between the North and the South. In Chapter 3, we study steady state effects of FDIs and globalization in a dynamic general equilibrium model of North-South Trade with scale invariant growth. We define FDI as movement of production base from the North to the South by a northern firm. Here, the incentive of FDI decision is to lower production cost. We define globalization as an increase in the southern population. Our numerical example shows that globalization leads to less copying of Northern products, a faster technological change, more industry shift from the North to the South through an increase in the number of multinational firms, and a larger wage inequality between the North and the South. In Chapter 4, we test the effects FDI on total factor productivity using more recent and more extensive data set than in Lichtenberg and Potterie (2001). We distinguish two patterns of FDI, one is FDI from a developed country to another developed country and the other is FDI from a developed country to a developing country. We summarize the results in Chapter 5. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Author: Zoltan J. Acs
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
ISBN: 0472027220
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Entrepreneurship and globalization are two much-examined forces as we enter the new millennium--yet very little has been published on the intersection of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the global economy. To close the gap, this volume delves into the intricate roles and consequences of such businesses on both global and domestic economies. The first part of the volume provides an overview of the phenomenon of globalization, arguing that entrepreneurial discovery and technological change lead to globalization, which in turn leads to further opportunity for entrepreneurial discovery--no less for SMEs than for multinational corporations. In part two, the essays examine the role of SMEs in the global economy and why they are thriving. Part three reviews the roles of SMEs and innovators and examines their roles in direct foreign investment. Part four explores the role of technological diversity and knowledge spillovers as a way to explain the superior innovative performance of SMEs. Part five looks at the role of SMEs in technology transfer. Finally, part six examines the theoretical and policy implications of the international activities of SMEs, suggesting that policies should aim to reduce the costs in international expansion for SMEs. This volume will provide the foundation for further study in SMEs and globalization. It will appeal to scholars and students in both international business and economics. Zoltan J. Acs is Professor of Economics and Finance, University of Baltimore. Bernard Yin Yeung is Professor of International Business, University of Michigan.
Author: Yi Lu
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
ISBN: 9781361422991
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This dissertation, "Essays on Multinational Enterprises" by Yi, Lu, 陸毅, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of the thesis entitled Essays on Multinational Enterprises Submitted by Yi LU for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong in September 2007 The world economy has witnessed a continuous trend of globalization since the late 1980s: the value of world exports reached US$6.6 billion in 2003, about one sixth of the world's total GDP. Multinational enterprises have played an important role in this wave of globalization. At the macro-level, the world-wide real inflows of FDI increased by 17.7% during the period 1985-1999, far outpacing the growth of GDP and trade which increased by 2.5% and 5.6%, respectively (Barba-Navaretti and Venables, 2004); while at the micro-level, foreign-owned multinational enterprises currently employ one fifth of workers in European manufacturing industries and one seventh in their counterparts in the U.S.; they sell one euro in every four of manufactured goods in Europe and one dollar in every five in the US (OECD, 2001). Along with the increasing importance of multinational enterprises in international trade, studies on multinational enterprises have recently mushroomed in international economics. They apply the theory of the firm, i.e. the property rights theory (Grossman and Hart, 1986) to understanding the behavior of multinational enterprises, and employ the newly available reliable firm-level datasets to conduct empirical research. This thesis contributes to this growing literature by studying two aspects of the business strategies of multinationals. Much evidence shows that multinational enterprises conduct bi-sourcing in organizing production, i.e., acquiring the same set of inputs by both buying from external suppliers (outsourcing) and producing in component-manufacturing subsidiaries (insourcing). The first chapter of this thesis shows that, by adopting the bi-sourcing strategy, multinational enterprises can use the payoff from one supplier as a backup option in negotiating with the other supplier (the cross-threat effect). Moreover, in the global economy consisting of high-waged North and low-waged South, multinational enterprises need to make the location choice for both insourcing and outsourcing. We find that the low wage in the South can stimulate the investment incentive of component suppliers (the cost effect). However, multinational enterprises may achieve better cross-threat effect by relocating overly strong component suppliers from the advantageous South to the disadvantageous North (the balancing effect). The Ioptimal bi-sourcing strategy is determined by the interplay of the cost effect and the balancing effect. Meanwhile, globalization enables multinational enterprises to organize production around the world, through which they can find the most efficient locations for each production stage. Thus, it is important to understand what affects the location choice made by multinational enterprises. The second chapter of this thesis examines the impacts of economic institutions, including property rights protection and contract enforcement, on the location choice of foreign direct investment. From a data set of 6,288 U.S. multinationals investing in various China's regions in the period 1993-2001, it is found that U.S. multinationals prefer to invest in those regions that have better protection of intellectual property rights, a lower degree of government intervention in business operations, a lower le
Author: John H. Dunning
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 9781843767053
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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These volumes should be required reading for anyone with an interest in international business and globalisation. They add immeasurably to our understanding. Mira Wilkins, Business History Dunning is one of the most prominent researchers and thinkers in the IB field. In these books, he has set out his most celebrated writings and has provided us relatively easy access to widely scattered references in the literature. Rajat Kathuria, Global Business Review The modern academic study of the multinational enterprise started with John Dunning s pioneering study of American Investment in British Manufacturing Industry in 1958. In the early 1970s he began to publish an influential and authoritative stream of papers integrating theoretical and empirical analysis of the multinational enterprise. This fascinating volume charts the evolution of John Dunning s thinking, highlighting his attempts to develop a richer, more dynamic and historical framework for the analysis of the multinational enterprise. It makes compelling reading, and offers unique insights into the intellectual development of his well-known eclectic paradigm of international production. Mark Casson, University of Reading, UK This volume contains a selection of John Dunning s best known and highly acclaimed writings on the theory of international business activity. Spanning more than three decades, the 16 contributions trace the evolution of his thoughts and ideas as an economist, from his first article on the determinants of international production, published in 1973, to his most recent essay on relational assets, networks and global business activity, completed in 2002. Theories and Paradigms of International Business Activity gives particular prominence to the author s much renowned eclectic paradigm, which he first promulgated at a Nobel Symposium on the international allocation of economic activity in 1976. Since then, the author has written over 60 articles, pamphlets and chapters in books which have extended, refined and updated his theorizing on the interface between trade, FDI and MNE activity, in the light of the changing characteristics of the world economy and advances in international business scholarship. This, the first of two volumes of John Dunning s work, is essential reading for all students, scholars and researchers with a special interest in the reasons behind the explosive growth in post-war FDI and the globalization of business activity.
Author: Karl-Josef Koch
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662004232
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 398
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Book Description
Part 1 of this volume focusses on globalization. Gains from trade, international competitiveness, labour market issues in open economies, customs unions, dumping and intra-firm trade are the topics of this part. Part 2 puts a stronger emphasis on dynamic economics. Social income, intergenerational transfers, public pension systems, and bequest and gift motives in overlapping generation models are main topics. Economic policies are analyzed in Part 3, including the relation between wage rigidity and migration, several aspects of German financial and monetary policy, as well as tax competition. The volume concludes with institutional issues of globalization, a western view on eastern transition, social cost of rent seeking, and the evolution of social institutions.
Author: John H. Dunning
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317576179
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
John Dunning’s general theory of international production, first propounded in the late 1970’s, has generated considerable debate. This work thoughtfully reassesses the paradigm, and extends the analysis to embrace issues of theoretical and empirical importance. In a collection of essays, the changing characteristics of international production are examined, and an interdisciplinary approach suggested for understanding the multinational enterprise in the world economy. This book, first published in 1988, will be of value not only to economists and international business analysts, but to scholars in other fields, notably organizational, marketing and management specialists.
Author: Peter J. Buckley
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
This collection of essays by researchers in the field of international business celebrates the seminal contribution of John Dunning, offering not only case studies but also assessments of major themes in the field of international business. These summaries should prove useful reading and a major reference point for students and researchers in the field of international business.
Author: Ad Koekkoek
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 9780415055352
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Author: Gerald K. Helleiner
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
Comprises papers and articles originally published between 1981 and 1989.
