Essays in the Economics of Health and Medical Care PDF Download
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Author: Victor R. Fuchs
Publisher: New York : National Bureau of Economic Research distributed by Columbia University Press
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Collection of essays on the economics of health and health services in the USA - covers supply and demand, budgetary resources, cost and objectives with regard to medical care, and considers wages and income distribution among medical personnel, effects of health care on labour productivity, etc. References and statistical tables.
Author: Victor R. Fuchs
Publisher: New York : National Bureau of Economic Research distributed by Columbia University Press
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Collection of essays on the economics of health and health services in the USA - covers supply and demand, budgetary resources, cost and objectives with regard to medical care, and considers wages and income distribution among medical personnel, effects of health care on labour productivity, etc. References and statistical tables.
Author: Clarence Rufus Rorem
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
This book contains essays from the 1930s to 1970s on medical economics and describe efforts to achieve certainty in the costs and quality of health care, especially through group practice, group payment and areawide planning.
Author: Nicholas Benson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
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Author: Eun Young Kim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic Dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Book Description
This dissertation is a compilation of three essays. The first essay critiques a recent paper by Wilper et al. (2009) for its inappropriate model calibration in analyzing the association of health insurance and mortality. Using the individual-level data from a nationwide survey with more recent mortality follow-up information, it shows that the privately-insured do not significantly fare better in mortality risk compared to the uninsured. Moreover, hazard ratio estimate for the Medicaid suggests that public provision of insurance increases mortality. The second essay addresses the role of income in explaining the differential public health outcomes across developed countries. Noting that the growing arguments for socioeconomic gradient in health are based mostly on cross-sectional studies, panel analyses of five different public health outcomes are conducted. Results demonstrate that economic development remains critical in explaining health improvements at the aggregate level. The third essay analyzes the association of income and health care spending at the aggregate level. Using a large panel data from 24 industrialized nations for more than three decades, the close relationship between income and health care spending is established. In contrast to earlier cross-sectional studies, the panel analysis suggests that health expenditure growth is not as rapid as income growth in almost all nations.
Author: Sarah Marie Abraham
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
This thesis consists of three chapters on the economics of health and healthcare. The first and third chapters explore geographic variation in health outcomes within the United States. The second chapter focuses on empirical methods for obtaining causal estimates of treatment effects with an application to healthcare settings. In the first chapter I study geographic variation in health care utilization under two different insurance systems: traditional Medicare and employer-provided private insurance. For each system, I use patient migration as a source of identification combined with empirical Bayes methods to construct optimal linear forecasts for the causal effects of place on utilization. These place effects measure the causal differences in treatment intensity across areas. I find similar levels of variation in the causal place effects for the publicly and privately insured patients, with a correlation of .39 across the two systems. These findings emphasize that insurance systems are affecting the forces that drive the causal component of geographic variation in utilization. In the second chapter, Liyang Sun and I explore event studies, a model for estimating treatment effects using variation in the timing of treatment. Researchers often run fixed effects regressions for event studies that implicitly assume treatment effects are constant across cohorts first treated at different times. In this paper we show that these regressions produce causally uninterpretable estimands when treatment effects vary across cohorts. We propose alternative estimators that identify convex averages of the cohort-specific treatment effects, hence allowing for causal interpretation even under heterogeneous treatment effects. We illustrate the shortcomings of fixed effects estimators in comparison to our proposed estimators through an empirical application on the economic consequences of hospitalization. In the third chapter, Raj Chetty, Michael Stepner, Shelby Lin, Benjamin Scuderi, Nicholas Turner, Augustin Begeron, David Cutler and I use newly available administrative data to quantify the relationship between income and mortality in the United States. Although it is well known that there are significant differences in health and longevity between income groups, debate remains about the magnitudes and determinants of these differences. We use new data from 1.4 billion anonymous earnings and mortality records to construct more precise estimates of the relationship between income and life expectancy at the national level than was feasible in prior work. We then construct new local area (county and metro area) estimates of life expectancy by income group and identify factors that are associated with higher levels of life expectancy for low-income individuals. Our study yields four sets of results. First, higher income was associated with greater longevity throughout the income distribution. The gap in life expectancy between the richest 1% and poorest 1% of individuals was 14.6 years for men and 10.1 years for women. Second, inequality in life expectancy increased over time. Between 2001 and 2014, life expectancy increased by 2.34 years for men and 2.91 years for women in the top 5% of the income distribution, but increased by only 0.32 years for men and 0.04 years for women in the bottom 5%. Third, life expectancy varied substantially across local areas. For individuals in the bottom income quartile, life expectancy differed by approximately 4.5 years between areas with the highest and lowest longevity. Changes in life expectancy between 2001 and 2014 ranged from gains of more than 4 years to losses of more than 2 years across areas. Fourth, geographic differences in life expectancy for individuals in the lowest income quartile were significantly correlated with health behaviors such as smoking, but were not significantly correlated with access to medical care, physical environmental factors, income inequality, or labor market conditions. Life expectancy for low income individuals was positively correlated with the local area fraction of immigrants, fraction of college graduates, and local government expenditures. Additional information on this project is available at https: //healthinequality. org/.
Author: Rosamond Rhodes
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199930813
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Because medicine can preserve life, restore health and maintain the body's functions, it is widely acknowledged as a basic good that just societies should provide for their members. Yet, there is wide disagreement over the scope and content of what to provide, to whom, how, when, and why. In this unique and comprehensive volume, some of the best-known philosophers, physicians, legal scholars, political scientists, and economists writing on the subject discuss what social justice in medicine should be. Their contributions deepen our understanding of the theoretical and practical issues that run through the contemporary debate. The forty-two chapters in this reorganized second edition of Medicine and Social Justice update and expand upon the thirty-four chapters of the 2002 first edition. Eighteen chapters from the original volume are revised to address policy changes and challenging issues that have emerged in the intervening decade. Twenty-two of the chapters in this edition are entirely new. The treatment of foundational theory and conceptual issues related to access to health care and rationing medical resources have been expanded to provide a more comprehensive and nuanced discussion of the background concepts that underlie distributive justice debates, with global perspectives on health and well-being added. New additions to the section on health care justice for specific populations include chapters on health care for the chronically ill, soldiers, prisoners, the severely cognitively disabled, and the LGBT population. The section devoted to dilemmas and priorities addresses an array of topics that have recently become especially pressing because of new technologies or altered policies. New chapters address questions of justice related to genetics, medical malpractice, research on human subjects, pandemic and disaster planning, newborn screening, and justice for the brain dead and those with profound neurological injury. Reviews of the first edition: "This compilation brings a variety of perspectives, national settings, and disciplinary backgrounds to the topic and provides a unique survey of theoretical and applied thinking about the connections between health care and social justice... Physicians and others interested in this field will find this book an engaging introduction to the theoretical and practical challenges pertaining to social justice and health care." New England Journal of Medicine "Although much work in bioethics has focused on clinical encounters, there has been a current of discussion about questions of social justice for decades-at least since the allocation of access to dialysis was widely understood in the 1960s to be a matter of justice, not of medical judgment. This volume will facilitate heightened awareness and deeper discussion of such issues." JAMA "Impressively, the editors have chosen an array of essays that explore the philosophical and bioethical foundations of distributive justice; review the current practice of rationing and patients' access to care in a number of different countries; highlight the issues raised by various special needs groups; and then wrestle with some dilemmas in assessing priorities in distributing healthcare... This book is an excellent resource. " Doody's
Author: Edward Colburn Norton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Author: Olga V. Milliken
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Health insurance
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Author: Ausmita Ghosh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 314
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Book Description
My dissertation is a collection of three essays on the design of public health insurance in the United States. Each essay examines the responsiveness of health behavior and healthcare utilization to insurance-related incentives and draws implications for health policy in addressing the needs of disadvantaged populations. The first two essays evaluate the impact of Medicaid expansions under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on health and healthcare utilization. The Medicaid expansions that included full coverage of preconception care, led to a decline in childbirths, particularly those that are unintended. In addition, these fertility reductions are attributable to higher utilization of Medicaidfinanced prescription contraceptives. The second essay documents patterns of aggregate prescription drug utilization in response to the Medicaid expansions. Within the first 15 months following the policy change, Medicaid prescriptions increased, with relatively larger increases for chronic drugs such as diabetes and cardio-vascular medications, suggesting improvements in access to medical care. There is no evidence of reductions in uninsured or privately-insured prescriptions, suggesting that Medicaid did not simply substitute for other forms of payment, and that net utilization increased. The effects on utilization are relatively higher in areas with larger minority and disadvantaged populations, suggesting reduction in disparities in access to care. Finally, the third essay considers the effect of Medicaid coverage loss on hospitalizations and uncompensated care use among non-elderly adults. The results show that coverage loss led to higher uninsured hospitalizations, suggesting higher uncompensated care use. Most of the increase in uninsured hospitalizations are driven by visits originating in the ED - a pattern consistent with losing access to regular place of care. These results indicate that policies that reduce Medicaid funding could be particularly harmful for patients with chronic conditions.
Author: Bradley Thomas Howells
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
This dissertation contributes in two distinct ways to our understanding of the economics of healthcare and health insurance. Chapter 2 studies the decision process by which physicians allocate medical treatments to heart attack patients. The approach provides insight into the sources of well documented, but unexplained, disparities across demographic dimensions in health care utilization rates and health outcomes. In the model medical providers know how treatment alternatives affect patient-specific probabilities of three final health outcomes - death, readmission, and survival without readmission - and assign implicit values to each outcome that vary by patient age. The model does well in explaining the joint variation in treatments and outcomes, especially when including unobserved patient heterogeneity. Using decomposition methods, I show that a substantial fraction of gender differences in the use of intensive treatment is explained by a combination of the differences in the relative efficacy of treatment options for female patients, and the smaller implicit weight given to final outcomes of older patients. Chapter 3 explores how reforms to cash-assistance welfare programs in the United States in the mid 1990s acted as a structural shift in the health insurance and employment environment of lower income single mothers and find there may have been unintended consequences for this population's access to health insurance. With a more structured approach than is common in the literature, I estimate short and long run employment and insurance dynamics before and after the reforms. I show that reform reduced use of cash-assistance and increased the probability of employment, but created a less stable employment and health insurance environment. After the reform low income single mothers were less likely to retain the same employment and insurance status over a four month period. Although policy did not target Medicaid eligibility, individuals were less likely to retain Medicaid enrollment over the short and longer run after reform.
