Escherichia Coli Regrowth and Macroinvertebrate Health in Urban and Rural Streams PDF Download
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Author: Kathryn Jordan McCrary
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Over the last few decades, increased urbanization has led to a new recognition in stream health - the urban stream or the urban stream syndrome. Understanding urban water quality is important for identifying those factors or sources that contribute to impairment. Many streams are listed as impaired because of the increased concentrations of pathogens. While wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharge effluent that has been disinfected, often downstream from WWTPs point sources are high numbers of indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli. This study collected data on the recovery and regrowth of E. coli by collecting ultraviolet light treated effluent from the Carters Creek WWTP and spiked it with three different concentrations of DOC derived from a leaf and grass extract. Escherichia coli were enumerated at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours. After 6 h growth for each of the grass treatments, except for the control and high grass treatment exceeded the primary contact recreation standard for surface water quality. At 18h the low and high leaf treatments exceeded the primary contact recreation standard for surface water quality. The chemistry of each flask was analyzed for DOC, total N, NO3N, NH4N, Na+, K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, F−, Cl−, SO4−2 and PO4−3 at t=0 and t=72 h. CNP values for both leaf and grass treatments ranged from 2.22 - 36.5. Regrowth was not observed in those treatments with a CNP value below 5. Biodegradability of the treatments was examined to identify the limiting nutrient. By focusing on reducing the CNP value below 5 of the receiving water, recovery and regrowth of E. coli downstream from WWTPs can be reduced. The biodegradability test suggested that in the presence of excess DOC, N is the limiting nutrient. Certain macroinvertebrate species, Ephermeroptera, Trichoptera, and Plecoptera (EPT), are indicators of good stream health. Macroinvertebrates were collected at nine watersheds within the Bryan/College Station area, a rapidly urbanizing community, upstream and downstream from WWTPs and analyzed for relative abundance of pollution intolerant (% EPT) and pollution tolerant species. All sites downstream from a WWTP had percent EPT present in the collection.
Author: Kathryn Jordan McCrary
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Over the last few decades, increased urbanization has led to a new recognition in stream health - the urban stream or the urban stream syndrome. Understanding urban water quality is important for identifying those factors or sources that contribute to impairment. Many streams are listed as impaired because of the increased concentrations of pathogens. While wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharge effluent that has been disinfected, often downstream from WWTPs point sources are high numbers of indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli. This study collected data on the recovery and regrowth of E. coli by collecting ultraviolet light treated effluent from the Carters Creek WWTP and spiked it with three different concentrations of DOC derived from a leaf and grass extract. Escherichia coli were enumerated at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours. After 6 h growth for each of the grass treatments, except for the control and high grass treatment exceeded the primary contact recreation standard for surface water quality. At 18h the low and high leaf treatments exceeded the primary contact recreation standard for surface water quality. The chemistry of each flask was analyzed for DOC, total N, NO3N, NH4N, Na+, K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, F−, Cl−, SO4−2 and PO4−3 at t=0 and t=72 h. CNP values for both leaf and grass treatments ranged from 2.22 - 36.5. Regrowth was not observed in those treatments with a CNP value below 5. Biodegradability of the treatments was examined to identify the limiting nutrient. By focusing on reducing the CNP value below 5 of the receiving water, recovery and regrowth of E. coli downstream from WWTPs can be reduced. The biodegradability test suggested that in the presence of excess DOC, N is the limiting nutrient. Certain macroinvertebrate species, Ephermeroptera, Trichoptera, and Plecoptera (EPT), are indicators of good stream health. Macroinvertebrates were collected at nine watersheds within the Bryan/College Station area, a rapidly urbanizing community, upstream and downstream from WWTPs and analyzed for relative abundance of pollution intolerant (% EPT) and pollution tolerant species. All sites downstream from a WWTP had percent EPT present in the collection.
Author: Shelby Dax Fisher-Garibay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental justice
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
Environmental justice issues are understood to exist and persist throughout the country and across the world; environmental hazards frequently impact poor and minority populations disproportionately more than non-Hispanic Whites (herein referred to as White) and upper income communities. With much of the world urbanizing, increasing numbers of people interact with urban streams. Throughout these interactions, urban streams can impact the health and well-being of surrounding communities. This study addresses a gap in the literature by assessing the quality of natural resources by race and class, where past studies have examined access to green space, activity of anglers, and drinking water quality. The following study contributes to this body of work by investigating if recreational water quality of urban streams, as measured by E. coli levels, is correlated to the composition of surrounding communities. Existing data from local and federal agencies that collect water quality data, as well as data from the U.S. Census Bureau, is utilized to determine if those neighborhoods that have proportionately larger minority and low-income populations are associated with lower overall water quality for four cities. Mixed effect multilevel linear regression models suggest that those who rent are most potentially exposed, with an average increase of 0.00655 MPN/100mL / CFU/100mL in average log transformed E. coli for every one percent increase in renters in the combined city models and an average increase of 0.00855 MPN/100mL in average log transformed E. coli for every one percent increase in renters in Austin in models run by city. Occupied housing is also shown to be significant, with an average increase of 0.02300 MPN/100mL / CFU/100mL in average log transformed E. coli for every one percent increase in occupied housing in combined city models. Asian populations showed a negative relationship with E. coli in Austin in by city models, where there is an average decrease of 0.03025 MPN/100mL in average log transformed E. coli for every one percent increase in the Asian population. The Hispanic population is close to significance in two models, showing a positive relationship with E. coli, but is only statistically significant in one by city model in Los Angeles.
Author: Anuradha M. Desai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Escherichia coli
Languages : en
Pages : 468
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Escherichia coli
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
Two frequent water quality problems for streams on state 303(d) lists are sedimentation and bacteria. Escherichia coli (E.coli) is monitored as a widely distributed, easily cultured species that can indicate pathogenic bacterial contamination in waters designated for recreational uses. Suspended solids are also an indicator of stream health because they stress aquatic ecosystems. I investigated the relationships between concentrations and loads of suspended solids and E. coli over different flows in two tributary streams of the Little River (HUC 06010201) in east Tennessee. One stream, Nails Creek, flows through a rural, agricultural area, while the second, Pistol Creek, drains a dominantly urban and residential watershed. I hypothesized that relationships between E. coli and suspended solid concentrations would differ between the two streams. From August 2007 through February 2008, I collected 20 water samples and suspended solids from each stream to be analyzed to determine bacterial and suspended sediment concentrations and loads, over a range of flows. I processed the samples for E. coli, total suspended solids (TSS), and loss-on-ignition, and used DNA analyses of Bacteroides to determine the percentage of bovine or human bacteria per sample. To determine relationships between the variables, I used non-parametric correlation analyses for in-stream relationships and Mann-Whitney-U tests for relationships between streams. No relationship was found between concentrations or loads of suspended solids and E.coli in either Nails Creek, or Pistol Creek. However, Nails Creek had significantly higher median concentrations of E.coli and TSS than Pistol Creek. Patterns of discharge, suspended solids, and E.coli concentrations and loads differed between the two streams, with Nails Creek samples having higher loads of TSS and E. coli. Pistol Creek had significantly higher TSS loads and E.coli loads at higher discharges than at lower discharges while there was no significant difference with discharge in Nails Creek. Nails Creek samples contained more bovine-associated fecal bacteria than human-associated fecal bacteria; Pistol Creek contained very little fecal bacteria. This study takes a step toward understanding relationships among suspended solids, bacteria, and discharge in Little River tributaries and provides a foundation for future investigations and water quality remediation efforts in the watershed.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309181313
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
The city of Pittsburgh and surrounding area of southwestern Pennsylvania face complex water quality problems, due in large part to aging wastewater infrastructures that cannot handle sewer overflows and stormwater runoff, especially during wet weather. Other problems such as acid mine drainage are a legacy of the region's past coal mining, heavy industry, and manufacturing economy. Currently, water planning and management in southwestern Pennsylvania is highly fragmented; federal and state governments, 11 counties, hundreds of municipalities, and other entities all play roles, but with little coordination or cooperation. The report finds that a comprehensive, watershed-based approach is needed to effectively meet water quality standards throughout the region in the most cost-effective manner. The report outlines both technical and institutional alternatives to consider in the development and implementation of such an approach.
Author: Geneviève M. Carr
Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint
ISBN: 9789295039513
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
This document is intended to provide an overview of the major components of surface and ground water quality and how these relate to ecosystem and human health. Local, regional and global assessments of water quality monitoring data are used to illustrate key features of aquatic environments, and to demonstrate how human activities on the landscape can influence water quality in both positive and negative ways. Clear and concise background knowledge on water quality can serve to support other water assessments.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309125391
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 611
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Book Description
The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
Author: Jason A. Hubbart
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036502289
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
Anthropogenic and natural disturbances to freshwater quantity and quality are a greater issue for society than ever before. To successfully restore water resources requires understanding the interactions between hydrology, climate, land use, water quality, ecology, and social and economic pressures. This Special Issue of Water includes cutting edge research broadly addressing investigative areas related to experimental study designs and modeling, freshwater pollutants of concern, and human dimensions of water use and management. Results demonstrate the immense, globally transferable value of the experimental watershed approach, the relevance and critical importance of current integrated studies of pollutants of concern, and the imperative to include human sociological and economic processes in water resources investigations. In spite of the latest progress, as demonstrated in this Special Issue, managers remain insufficiently informed to make the best water resource decisions amidst combined influences of land use change, rapid ongoing human population growth, and changing environmental conditions. There is, thus, a persistent need for further advancements in integrated and interdisciplinary research to improve the scientific understanding, management, and future sustainability of water resources.
Author: Jorge W. Santo Domingo
Publisher: Emerging Issues in Food Safety
ISBN: 9781555813741
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 285
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Book Description
Presents a state-of-the-art review of the current technology and applications being utilized to identify sources of fecal contamination in waterways. - Serves as a useful reference for researchers in the food industry, especially scientists investigating etiological agents responsible for food contamination. - Provides background information on MST methods and the assumptions and limitations associated with their use. - Covers a broad range of topics related to MST, including environmental monitoring, public health and national security, population biology, and microbial ecology. - Offers valuable insights into future research directions and technology developments.
Author:
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 142890610X
Category : Environmental monitoring
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
