Epizootiology of an Isolate of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and the Pathogenicity in Genetically Different Chicken Embryos PDF Download
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Author: Harvey Graham Purchase
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bronchitis
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Author: Harvey Graham Purchase
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bronchitis
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Author: Vikshe Sumi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Author: Ana Paula da Silva
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781658413183
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Infectious bronchitis virus is a highly contagious pathogen of chickens known for its genotypic and phenotypic diversity. Genetic variability between IBV strains hamper the effectiveness of vaccination programs since different genotypes do not always induce cross-protection. Therefore, prevention strategies that induce broad protection are needed. The avian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been largely associated with genetic resistance to infectious diseases. The present research focuses on understanding the mechanisms underlying the relationship between immune responses and relative resistance to IBV in MHC congenic chicken lines. This investigation is divided in three chapters. In the first chapter, we compared clinical, pathological, humoral and cellular immune responses of chicken lines to establish a "resistant-susceptible" animal model. Eight University of California, Davis (UCD) chicken lines congenic to UCD 003 (MHC/B17) but with differing introgressed MHC regions UCD 253 (MHC/B18), UCD 254 (MHC/B15), UCD 330 (MHC/B21), UCD 312 (MHC/B24), UCD 331 (MHC/B2), UCD 335 (MHC/B19), UCD 336 (MHC/B21) and UCD 342 (MHC/BO), two inbred chicken lines UCD 003(MHC/B17) and UCD 077 (MHC/B19) and three commercial chicken stocks (white leghorn, brown layers and broilers) were used in two separate challenge experiments using IBV M41. We identified UCD 331 (MHC/B2) as the relatively resistant and UCD 335 (MHC/B19) as the relatively susceptible congenic chicken lines to our IBV M41 challenge. In chapter 2, UCD 331 (MHC/B2) and UCD 335 (MHC/B19) chickens were used to examine if their differences in susceptibility to IBV would be genuine for two genetically diverse IBV genotypes, M41 and ArkDPI. We observed subtle differences between the two lines in clinical and pathological assessments and substantial differences in humoral responses. Transcriptome analyses showed that UCD 335 (MHC/B19) chickens highly expressed genes related to inflammatory and innate immune responses, while UCD 331 (MHC/B2) birds highly expressed genes related to cellular responses. The inflammatory and innate immune response observed in UCD 335 (MHC/B19) was detrimental and did not lead to an enhanced antibody production, while UCD 331 (MHC/B2) birds diligently controlled the infection and presented higher antibody response than UCD 335 (MHC/B19). Although not identical, genes triggered by M41 and ArkDPI are part of communal pathways and suggest similar responses to both IBV genotypes. This work supports findings observed in chapter 1 and provides insights into the expression of a variety of genes after IBV replication. Innate immune responses can be triggered by environmental factors that are not necessarily related to an infectious challenge. To control these factors and reduce the number of animals used, in chapter 3 we prepared tracheal organ cultures derived from UCD 335 (MHC/B19) and UCD 331 (MHC/B2) chickens. IFN-[beta], IL-1[beta] and IL-6 gene expression and production was measured. UCD 335 (MHC/B19) tracheas presented an exaggerated inflammatory response compared to UCD 331 (MHC/B2). Unfortunately, it was not possible to discriminate between cytokine responses in IBV- infected and unchallenged tracheal organ cultures, most likely due to physical damage caused in the trachea during tracheal organ culture processing. For this reason, we performed an in vivo experiment to demonstrate the effects of IBV on innate immune responses. Our results support previous findings of UCD 335 (MHC/B19) being more reactive and prone to damaging inflammation, which reflects in their increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. These results align with in vivo observations described in chapters 1 and 2, in which detrimental local inflammation does not necessarily lead to the assembly of an appropriate adaptive immune response. The findings from these experiments provide further insights into the increased susceptibility of UCD 335 (MHC/B19) birds to infectious bronchitis. Understanding the mechanisms of disease resistance linked to the MHC and its associated genes is essential to develop prevention approaches that target broad unspecific responses that cross-protect against different IBV genotypes.
Author: Richard Alphonsus Plunkett Crinion
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Author: Maizan M.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 3
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Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) of local nephropathogenic strain was inoculated intranasally and intratracheally in 3-week-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The tracheas, lungs and kidneys were collected at day 0, 3, 5, 10 and 23 post-inoculation (pi). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used detect the virus. The results of the PCR were compared with the histopathological findings. The study showed that there was a correlation between the recovery of the virus and the histopathological lesions in the various organs. [Authors' abstract].
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Communicable diseases
Languages : en
Pages : 1134
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1348
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Author: Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128149671
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
Emerging and Reemerging Viral Pathogens: Applied Virology Approaches Related to Human, Animal and Environmental Pathogens, Volume Two presents new research information on viruses and their impact on the scientific community. It provides a reference book on certain viruses in humans, animals and vegetal, along with a comprehensive discussion on interspecies interactions. The book then looks at the drug, vaccine and bioinformatical strategies that can be used against these viruses, giving the reader a clear understanding of transmission. The book's end goal is to create awareness that the appearance of newly transmissible pathogens is a global risk that requires shared/adoptable policies for prevention and control. Covers most emerging viral disease in humans, animals and plants Provides the most advanced tools and techniques in molecular virology and the modeling of viruses Creates awareness that the appearance of new transmissible pathogens is a global risk Highlights the need to adopt shared policies for the prevention and control of infectious diseases
Author: J.R. Glisson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118720024
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1423
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Book Description
Diseases of Poultry is the most comprehensive reference for all aspects of poultry health and diseases, including pathogenesis, diagnostics, epidemiology, and control methods. Published in partnership with the American Association of Avian Pathologists, the Thirteenth Edition remains the international definitive reference, adding newer diagnostic methods and a new chapter on the emerging importance of zoonotic infections for poultry pathogens. Other updates include new high-quality photographs, additional discussion of conceptual operational biosecurity and disease control in organic production systems, and a greater emphasis throughout on the differences in disease incidence and treatments for the United States and other areas around the globe. Organized logically by disease type, the book offers detailed coverage of the history, etiology, pathobiology, diagnosis, and intervention strategies, as well as the economic and public health significance, for an exhaustive list of common and uncommon diseases. Diseases of Poultry, 13th Edition is an essential purchase for poultry veterinarians, veterinary diagnosticians, poultry scientists, students specializing in poultry health, and government officials who deal with poultry health in regulatory climate.
Author: Ellen G. Strauss
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080553168
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 476
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Book Description
Completely revised and updated, the new edition of this groundbreaking text integrates basic virology with pathophysiological conditions to examine the connection between virology and human disease. Most virology textbooks focus on the molecular biology involved without adequate reference to physiology. This text focuses on viruses that infect humans, domestic animals and vertebrates and is based on extensive course notes from James Strauss' virology class at the California Institute of Technology taught for over 30 years. Expertly depicting in color the molecular structure and replication of each virus, it provides an excellent overview for students and professionals interested in viruses as agents of human disease. - Includes over 30% new material - virtually all of the figures and tables have been redrawn to include the latest information and the text has been extensively rewritten to include the most up-to-date information - Includes a new chapter on emerging and reemerging viral diseases such as avian flu, SARS, the spread of West Nile virus across America, and the continuing spread of Nipah virus in Southeast Asia - Further reading sections at the end of each chapter make it easy find key references - World maps depicting the current distribution of existing and newly emerging viruses are also incorporated into the text
