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Author: John Greco
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 019964263X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Ntroduction : the point and purpose of epistemic evaluation / David Henderson and John Greco -- Part I : Philosophical methods and evaluative purposes -- Teleologies and the methodology of epistemology / Georgi Gardiner -- Know first, tell later : the truth about Craig on knowledge / Elizabeth Fricker -- What's the point? / David Henderson and Terence Horgan -- Part II : Contextualism and pragmatic encroachment -- Knowledge, practical interests, and rising tides / Stephen R. Grimm -- Two purposes of knowledge-attribution and the contextualism debate / Matthew McGrath -- Part III : Does knowledge always require reasons? -- Knowledge in practice / Michael Williams -- Regress-stopping and disagreement for epistemic neopragmatists / Jonathan M. Weinberg -- Part IV : The internalism/externalism debate -- What is the subject-matter of the theory of epistemic justification? / Sanford C. Goldberg -- Why justification matters / Declan Smithies -- Part V : Epistemic norms as social norms -- Epistemic normativity and social norms / Peter J. Graham -- Testimonial knowledge and the flow of information / John Greco.
Author: John Greco
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 019964263X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Ntroduction : the point and purpose of epistemic evaluation / David Henderson and John Greco -- Part I : Philosophical methods and evaluative purposes -- Teleologies and the methodology of epistemology / Georgi Gardiner -- Know first, tell later : the truth about Craig on knowledge / Elizabeth Fricker -- What's the point? / David Henderson and Terence Horgan -- Part II : Contextualism and pragmatic encroachment -- Knowledge, practical interests, and rising tides / Stephen R. Grimm -- Two purposes of knowledge-attribution and the contextualism debate / Matthew McGrath -- Part III : Does knowledge always require reasons? -- Knowledge in practice / Michael Williams -- Regress-stopping and disagreement for epistemic neopragmatists / Jonathan M. Weinberg -- Part IV : The internalism/externalism debate -- What is the subject-matter of the theory of epistemic justification? / Sanford C. Goldberg -- Why justification matters / Declan Smithies -- Part V : Epistemic norms as social norms -- Epistemic normativity and social norms / Peter J. Graham -- Testimonial knowledge and the flow of information / John Greco.
Author: William P. Alston
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501720570
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Much of the writing in Anglo-American epistemology in the twentieth century focused on the conditions for beliefs being "justified." In a book that seeks to shift the ground of debate within theory of knowledge, William P. Alston finds that the century-long search for a correct account of the nature and conditions of epistemic justification misses the point. Alston calls for that search to be suspended and for talk of epistemic justification to cease. He proposes instead an approach to the epistemology of belief that focuses on the evaluation of various "epistemic desiderata" that may be satisfied by beliefs.Alston finds that features of belief that are desirable for the goals of cognition include having an adequate basis, being formed in a reliable way, and coherence within bodies of belief. In Alston's view, a belief's being based on an adequate ground and its being formed in a reliable way, though often treated as competing accounts of justification, are virtually identical. Beyond "Justification" also contains discussions of fundamental questions about the epistemic status of principles and beliefs and appropriate responses to various kinds of skepticism.
Author: David K. Henderson
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191062561
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Epistemic Evaluation aims to explore and apply a particular methodology in epistemology. The methodology is to consider the point(s) or purpose(s) of our epistemic evaluations, and to pursue epistemological theory in light of such matters. Call this purposeful epistemology. The idea is that considerations about the point and purpose of epistemic evaluation might fruitfully constrain epistemological theory and yield insights for epistemological reflection. Several contributions to this volume explicitly address this general methodology, or some version of it. Others focus on advancing some application of the methodology rather than on theorizing about it. The papers go on to explore the idea that purposes allow one to understand the conceptual demands on knowing, examine how purposeful epistemology might shed light on the debate between internalist and externalist epistemologies, and further develop the idea of purposeful epistemology.
Author: David K. Henderson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780191807145
Category : Knowledge, Theory of
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
This volume aims to explore and apply a particular methodology in epistemology. The methodology is to consider the point(s) or purpose(s) of our epistemic evaluations, and to pursue epistemological theory in light of such matters. Call this purposeful epistemology. The idea is that considerations about the point and purpose of epistemic evaluation might fruitfully constrain epistemological theory and yield insights for epistemological reflection.
Author: Tomoji Shogenji
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 135133655X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
This book develops new techniques in formal epistemology and applies them to the challenge of Cartesian skepticism. It introduces two formats of epistemic evaluation that should be of interest to epistemologists and philosophers of science: the dual-component format, which evaluates a statement on the basis of its safety and informativeness, and the relative-divergence format, which evaluates a probabilistic model on the basis of its complexity and goodness of fit with data. Tomoji Shogenji shows that the former lends support to Cartesian skepticism, but the latter allows us to defeat Cartesian skepticism. Along the way, Shogenji addresses a number of related issues in epistemology and philosophy of science, including epistemic circularity, epistemic closure, and inductive skepticism.
Author: Alvin I. Goldman
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674258969
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
Against the traditional view, Alvin Goldman argues that logic, probability theory, and linguistic analysis cannot by themselves delineate principles of rationality or justified belief. The mind's operations must be taken into account.
Author: Peter J. Graham
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191022500
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
For most of the twentieth century, philosophers have explored the nature and extent of our knowledge-especially our knowledge of the world grounded in sense-perceptual experience. Can we be sure that our experience of the world is enough to ground our knowledge of an external reality? Are our everyday beliefs about our world warranted well enough for knowledge? What if we're all in The Matrix? This volume collects cutting-edge essays, written by leading philosophers, which address these fundamental questions about our place in the world. Through sustained reflection on two kinds of warrants—entitlements and justifications—they all seek to understand the nature and extent of our knowledge. Even if we were not able to justify our knowledge of the external world, we are nevertheless entitled to our view of external reality.
Author: Declan Smithies
Publisher: Philosophy of Mind
ISBN: 0199917663
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 457
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Book Description
What is the role of consciousness in our mental lives? Declan Smithies argues here that consciousness is essential to explaining how we can acquire knowledge and justified belief about ourselves and the world around us. On this view, unconscious beings cannot form justified beliefs and so they cannot know anything at all. Consciousness is the ultimate basis of all knowledge and epistemic justification. Smithies builds a sustained argument for the epistemic role of phenomenal consciousness which draws on a range of considerations in epistemology and the philosophy of mind. His position combines two key claims. The first is phenomenal mentalism, which says that epistemic justification is determined by the phenomenally individuated facts about your mental states. The second is accessibilism, which says that epistemic justification is luminously accessible in the sense that you're always in a position to know which beliefs you have epistemic justification to hold. Smithies integrates these two claims into a unified theory of epistemic justification, which he calls phenomenal accessibilism. The book is divided into two parts, which converge on this theory of epistemic justification from opposite directions. Part 1 argues from the bottom up by drawing on considerations in the philosophy of mind about the role of consciousness in mental representation, perception, cognition, and introspection. Part 2 argues from the top down by arguing from general principles in epistemology about the nature of epistemic justification. These mutually reinforcing arguments form the basis for a unified theory of the epistemic role of phenomenal consciousness, one that bridges the gap between epistemology and philosophy of mind.
Author: M. Seidel
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137377895
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Markus Seidel provides a detailed critique of epistemic relativism in the sociology of scientific knowledge. In addition to scrutinizing the main arguments for epistemic relativism he provides an absolutist account that nevertheless aims at integrating the relativist's intuition.
Author: Lisa Bortolotti
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0198863985
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 177
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Book Description
In an ideal world, our beliefs would satisfy norms of truth and rationality, as well as foster the acquisition, retention, and use of other relevant information. In reality, we have limited cognitive capacities and are subject to motivational biases on an everyday basis. We may also experience impairments in perception, memory, learning, and reasoning in the course of our lives. Such limitations and impairments give rise to distorted memory beliefs, confabulated explanations, and beliefs that are elaborated delusional, motivated delusional, or optimistically biased. In this book, Lisa Bortolotti argues that some irrational beliefs qualify as epistemically innocent, where, in some contexts, the adoption, maintenance, or reporting of the beliefs delivers significant epistemic benefits that could not be easily attained otherwise. Epistemic innocence does not imply that the epistemic benefits of the irrational belief outweigh its epistemic costs, yet it clarifies the relationship between the epistemic and psychological effects of irrational beliefs on agency. It is misleading to assume that epistemic rationality and psychological adaptiveness always go hand-in-hand, but also that there is a straight-forward trade-off between them. Rather, epistemic irrationality can lead to psychological adaptiveness, which in turn can support the attainment of epistemic goals. Recognising the circumstances in which irrational beliefs enhance or restore epistemic performance informs our mutual interactions and enables us to take measures to reduce their irrationality without undermining the conditions for epistemic success.
