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Author: Manabesh Nath
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668730148
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 29
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Biology - Miscellaneous, grade: 8.30, Amity University (Amity Institute of Biotechnology), course: Master of Technology, language: English, abstract: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative pathogen whose ecological niche is the human stomach that colonizes over half the world’s population and causes a spectrum of gastric diseases including gastritis, ulcers, and gastric carcinoma. The H. pylori species exhibits unusually high levels of genetic variation between strains. H pylori infection is more frequent in less developed Asian countries like India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Thailand and is acquired at early age than in more developed Asian countries like Japan and China. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most diverse bacterial species that chronically infects more than 70% of Indian population. The most commonly recognized manifestation of H. pylori infection in India is peptic ulcer disease, particularly duodenal ulcer disease, which outnumbers gastric ulcers between 8:1 and 30:1. Helicobacter pylori was the first organism for which the genome sequence of multiple isolates was determined, revealing a great deal of genetic variation at both the sequence and gene content levels. While the core genes encode most metabolic and cellular processes, the strain-specific genes include genes unique to H. pylori, restriction modification genes, transposases, and genes encoding cell surface proteins, which may aid the bacteria under specific circumstances during their long-term infection of genetically diverse hosts. Many putative adhesins, lipoproteins and other outer membrane proteins were identified, underscoring the potential complexity of host–pathogen interaction. It is thought that the persistent accumulation of mutations within the genome may make an important contribution to the extraordinary genetic diversity of H. pylori and allow adaptation to new environmental challenges within the stomach. The overall picture depicts H pylori as a causative organism for peptic and gastric ulcers including carcinomas with wide range of variation amongst its genes; having characteristic genome variability and hence, with a very high prevalence in developing countries including India. The genetic diversification holds the key towards adaptation and interaction of H. pylori with the human host.
Author: Manabesh Nath
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668730148
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 29
Get Book Here
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject Biology - Miscellaneous, grade: 8.30, Amity University (Amity Institute of Biotechnology), course: Master of Technology, language: English, abstract: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative pathogen whose ecological niche is the human stomach that colonizes over half the world’s population and causes a spectrum of gastric diseases including gastritis, ulcers, and gastric carcinoma. The H. pylori species exhibits unusually high levels of genetic variation between strains. H pylori infection is more frequent in less developed Asian countries like India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Thailand and is acquired at early age than in more developed Asian countries like Japan and China. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most diverse bacterial species that chronically infects more than 70% of Indian population. The most commonly recognized manifestation of H. pylori infection in India is peptic ulcer disease, particularly duodenal ulcer disease, which outnumbers gastric ulcers between 8:1 and 30:1. Helicobacter pylori was the first organism for which the genome sequence of multiple isolates was determined, revealing a great deal of genetic variation at both the sequence and gene content levels. While the core genes encode most metabolic and cellular processes, the strain-specific genes include genes unique to H. pylori, restriction modification genes, transposases, and genes encoding cell surface proteins, which may aid the bacteria under specific circumstances during their long-term infection of genetically diverse hosts. Many putative adhesins, lipoproteins and other outer membrane proteins were identified, underscoring the potential complexity of host–pathogen interaction. It is thought that the persistent accumulation of mutations within the genome may make an important contribution to the extraordinary genetic diversity of H. pylori and allow adaptation to new environmental challenges within the stomach. The overall picture depicts H pylori as a causative organism for peptic and gastric ulcers including carcinomas with wide range of variation amongst its genes; having characteristic genome variability and hence, with a very high prevalence in developing countries including India. The genetic diversification holds the key towards adaptation and interaction of H. pylori with the human host.
Author: Paola Tonino
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533073756
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
This book is a comprehensive overview of invited contributions on Helicobacter pylori infection in gastritis and gastric carcinogenesis. The first part of the book covers topics related to the pathophysiology of gastric mucosal defense system and gastritis including the gastroprotective function of the mucus, the capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves and the oxidative stress pathway involved in inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in H. pylori related gastritis. The next chapters deal with molecular pathogenesis and treatment, which consider the role of neuroendocrine cells in gastric disease, DNA methylation in H. pylori infection, the role of antioxidants and phytotherapy in gastric disease. The final part presents the effects of cancer risk factors associated with H. pylori infection. These chapters discuss the serum pepsinogen test, K-ras mutations, cell kinetics, and H. pylori lipopolysaccharide, as well as the roles of several bacterial genes (cagA, cagT, vacA and dupA) as virulence factors in gastric cancer, and the gastrokine-1 protein in cancer progression.
Author: Carolina Romo Gonzalez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The plasticity zone (PZ) of Helicobacter pylori is a genomic region harbouring genes that can be exchanged between strains, contributing to the genetic diversity of this bacterium. The presence or absence of genes reflects the adaptation and coevolution of a pathogen within its host. Among the genes present in PZ, jhp0940, jhp0945, jhp0947 and jhp0949 have gained attention due to their association with gastroduodenal disease, and the prevalence of the latter three among H. pylori isolates from different geographical regions has allowed this association to be understood. With respect to jhp0940, also known as ctkA (cellular translocation kinase A), various results have been obtained regarding its prevalence. However, the presence of jhp0940 in isolates from children seems to be higher than that in isolates from adults, and the product of this gene can induce TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 via translocation of NF-κB into macrophages. While little is known about the functions of jhp0945, jhp0947 and jhp0949, their presence in H. pylori strains induces IL-8 and IL-12 expression at higher levels than that in strains lacking these genes. In this chapter, we aim to show a general overview of the prevalence, association with gastroduodenal disease, and currently known function of the H. pylori genes jhp0940, jhp0945, jhp0947 and jhp0949, which are located in PZ.
Author: Dornell Pete
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Although the burden of gastric cancer is low in the United States (US) overall, a substantial burden of gastric cancer continues to be observed in American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN), particularly in the Southwest and Alaska regions of the US. In particular, gastric cancer incidence is 3.5 times higher in the Navajo Nation, a tribe of 157,000 tribal members, than in the general Arizona and New Mexico population. Contributing factors underlying this disparity are not well understood, although it is plausible that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), an infectious pathogen that colonizes the stomach mucosa and is a major risk factor for gastric cancer, could be a significant contributor to the elevated burden of gastric cancers in the Navajo Nation. This dissertation presents the findings from the Navajo ABID (Assessing the microBiota and Individual Diet) study, the first study to assess risk factors for gastric cancer in two regions of the Navajo Nation. We assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for H. pylori infection and H. pylori cagA virulence gene carriage, as well as the association between diet and H. pylori infection in Navajo adults residing on the Navajo Nation. We launched a cross-sectional study in the central and northeast regions of the Navajo Nation in 2021. Demographic, health, behavioral, environmental, and diet data were collected from health and food questionnaires. H. pylori infection and cagA virulence gene status were detected from stool samples. We calculated the prevalence of H. pylori infection and odds ratios for associations between infection status and potential risk factors (including demographics, medical history of gastrointestinal conditions, family history of gastrointestinal conditions, aspirin use, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, drinking water source, and own livestock). We used principal component analysis to identify dietary patterns and assessed the associations between dietary patterns and H. pylori infection using logistic regression. We recruited and obtained data on 104 eligible adults for the Navajo ABID study. We found that 57.7% (95% CI: 47.6-67.3) of participants were infected with H. pylori and, among H. pylori-infected participants, 76.7% (95% CI: 64.0-86.6) were infected with a cagA-positive H. pylori strain. Having a history of H. pylori infection was inversely associated with H. pylori infection; no significant associations were observed with other known risk factors. We identified three dietary patterns and found that a diet pattern of Soups and Mixed dishes was positively associated with H. pylori infection in Navajo participants after adjusting for confounders; we found no significant associations between the Western or the Fruits and Vegetable pattern and H. pylori infection. No signification associations were found between selected nutrients (i.e., sodium, alcohol, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, and folate) and H. pylori infection, although positive associations with sodium and folate, and inverse associations with vitamin A, vitamin C, and alcohol were suggestive. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was two times higher in Navajo adults in the Navajo ABID study compared to the US population, while the prevalence of the cagA gene (77%) in H. pylori-infected participants was disproportionately higher than the US population cagA gene prevalence in whites (19%). With the exception of the observed Soups and Mixed dishes dietary pattern, few dietary factors were associated with H. pylori infection. Our findings provide a greater understanding of the burden of H. pylori and cagA-positive infections needed to inform public health prevention efforts in the Navajo Nation. These results may also allow for the design of health education material that focuses on H. pylori prevention and promotes general recommendations on healthy eating.
Author: Bruna Maria Roesler
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 183881146X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Helicobacter pylori is an universally distributed bacterium which affects more than half of the world population. H. pylori infection causes persistent inflammation with different clinical outcomes in humans, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The infection has also been associated with several extradigestive disorders. In this book there is a comprehensive overview of contributors on H. pylori infection in diverse areas, including virulence factors of H. pylori and their importance for the clinical outcome of the diseases, discussions about the principal therapeutic regimens of bacterium eradication, also considering the antimicrobial resistance. H. pylori is clearly a very interesting bacteria and great studies and discussions about all its aspects are welcome to the medical and scientific communities.
Author: Felicity N.E. Gavins
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128013257
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Vascular Responses to Pathogens focuses on the growing research from leaders in the field for both the short and long-term impact of pathogens on the vasculature. It discusses various organisms, including bacteria, parasites, and viruses, and their role in key events leading to vascular disease. Formatted to discuss the topic of the interaction of pathogens with the vascular rather than individual diseases described separately, this reference demonstrates that common mechanisms are at play in many different diseases because they have a similar context, their vasculature. This all-inclusive reference book is a must-have tool for researchers and practicing clinicians in the areas of vascular biology, microvasculature, cardiology, and infectious disease. Covers a wide spectrum of organisms and provides analysis of pathogens and current therapeutic strategies in the context of their vasculature Provides detailed perspectives on key components contributing to vascular pathogens from leaders in the field Interfaces between both vascular biology and microbiology by encompassing information on how pathogens affect both macro and microvasculature Includes coverage of the clinical aspects of sepsis and current therapeutic strategies and anti-sepsis drugs
Author: Philip Sutton
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1845935942
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
This book provides a broad overview of the current understanding of Helicobacter pylori emphasizing its world health impacts. It includes 13 chapters organized into 3 parts: "Pathologies and Treatment", "Host Response" and "Bacterial Defence". Part I (5 chapters) reviews the epidemiology of H. pylori infection, H. pylori infection in Asia, gastric adenocarcinoma, antimicrobial resistance and approaches to treatment, and extragastric manifestations of H. pylori infection. Part II (4 chapters) describes H. pylori-induced acquired immunity and immunoregulation, host genetic factors and susceptibility to H. pylori pathogenesis, innate immune initiators and effectors in H. pylori infection, and H. pylori vaccines. Part III (4 chapters) discusses the importance of H. pylori lipopolysaccharides in gastric adaptation and pathogenesis, H. pylori virulence factors, H. pylori adhesion to the gastric surface, and helicobacteromics. This book is an essential resource for researchers, students and medics in infectious and Helicobacter-associated diseases.
Author: Paul A. Schulte
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323138578
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 609
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Book Description
This book will serve as a primer for both laboratory and field scientists who are shaping the emerging field of molecular epidemiology. Molecular epidemiology utilizes the same paradigm as traditional epidemiology but uses biological markers to identify exposure, disease or susceptibility. Schulte and Perera present the epidemiologic methods pertinent to biological markers. The book is also designed to enumerate the considerations necessary for valid field research and provide a resource on the salient and subtle features of biological indicators.
Author: Jordan Phillips
Publisher: American Medical Publishers
ISBN: 9781639271436
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
Helicobacter pylori refers to a microaerophilic bacterium that is usually found in stomach. It is generally in the shape of a helix. Its shape is developed from penetrating the mucoid lining of the stomach. It is infectious and can cause chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers. Helicobacter pylori infection does not have major visible symptoms except minor abdominal pains and nausea. Helicobacter pylori is also associated with a wide range of diseases such as atherosclerosis, alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, coronary artery disease, periodontitis, parkinson's disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, rosacea, psoriasis, chronic urticaria, etc. It is diagnosed using invasive and non-invasive methods. Invasive means include histological examination with endoscopic biopsy and rapid urease test. Non-invasive methods involve stool antigen tests, carbon urea breath test, etc. This book unfolds the unexplored aspects related to the epidemiology and management of helicobacter pylori infection. It also provides significant information on helicobacter pylori to help develop a good understanding of its treatment. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.
Author: Ann Arvin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139461648
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1325
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Book Description
This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
