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Author: Xiaoyuan Wang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048190789
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Book Description
Endotoxins are potentially toxic compounds produced by Gram-negative bacteria including some pathogens. Unlike exotoxins, which are secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, endotoxins are comprised of structural components of bacteria. Endotoxins can cause a whole-body inflammatory state, sepsis, leading to low blood pressure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. This book brings together contributions from researchers in the forefront of these subjects. It is divided into two sections. The first deals with how endotoxins are synthesized and end up on the bacterial surface. The second discussed how endotoxins activate TLR4 and, in turn, how TLR4 generates the molecular signals leading to infectious and inflammatory diseases. The way endotoxins interact with the host cells is fundamental to understanding the mechanism of sepsis, and recent research on these aspects of endotoxins has served to illuminate previously undescribed functions of the innate immune system. This volume presents a description of endotoxins according to their genetic constitution, structure, function and mode of interaction with host cells.
Author: Xiaoyuan Wang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048190789
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 419
Get Book Here
Book Description
Endotoxins are potentially toxic compounds produced by Gram-negative bacteria including some pathogens. Unlike exotoxins, which are secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, endotoxins are comprised of structural components of bacteria. Endotoxins can cause a whole-body inflammatory state, sepsis, leading to low blood pressure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. This book brings together contributions from researchers in the forefront of these subjects. It is divided into two sections. The first deals with how endotoxins are synthesized and end up on the bacterial surface. The second discussed how endotoxins activate TLR4 and, in turn, how TLR4 generates the molecular signals leading to infectious and inflammatory diseases. The way endotoxins interact with the host cells is fundamental to understanding the mechanism of sepsis, and recent research on these aspects of endotoxins has served to illuminate previously undescribed functions of the innate immune system. This volume presents a description of endotoxins according to their genetic constitution, structure, function and mode of interaction with host cells.
Author: Helmut Brade
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824719449
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 992
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Book Description
Offering a basis for further research into the interactions of hosts and pathogens, this work gathers up-to-date findings, and details basic structures, functions and immunology. It provides descriptions of a variety of experimental endotoxin neutralizing agents, as well as a guide to clinical research initiatives and the latest treatments.
Author: Kevin L. Williams
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030171485
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 869
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Book Description
Endotoxin detection and control is a dynamic area of applied science that touches a vast number of complex subjects. The intersection of test activities includes the use of an ancient blood system from an odd “living fossil” (Limulus). It is used to detect remnants of the most primitive and destructive forms of life (prokaryotes) as contaminants of complex modern systems (mammalian and Pharma). Recent challenges in the field include those associated with the application of traditional methods to new types of molecules and manufacturing processes. The advent of “at will” production of biologics in lieu of harvesting animal proteins has revolutionized the treatment of disease. While the fruits of the biotechnology revolution are widely acknowledged, the realization of the differences in the means of production and changes in the manner of control of potential impurities and contaminants in regard to the new versus the old are less widely appreciated. Endotoxin as an ancient, dynamic interface between lifeforms, provides a singular perspective from which to view the parallel development of ancient and modern organisms as well as the progress of man in deciphering the complexity of their interactions in his efforts to overcome disease.
Author: Kevin L. Williams
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420020595
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 441
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Book Description
This source expertly examines the discovery, biological structure, control, and continued clarification of endotoxin from a parenteral manufacturing perspective, with in-depth discussion of state-of-the-art technologies involving Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) such as assay development, automation, depyrogenation. Completely revised and exp
Author: Solomon Kadis
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 148321589X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Book Description
Microbial Toxins, Volume V: Bacterial Endotoxins covers the physiology, pathology, and immunology of bacterial endotoxins. The book discusses the relationship of lipopolysaccharide structure to bacterial virulence; the importance of blood-group and Forssman antigenic determinants in interactions between human and microbes; and the chemical modification of endotoxin and inactivation of its biological properties. The text also describes the effects of endotoxic lipopolysaccharides on the complement system; the host-dependent detoxification of bacterial endotoxin; and the metabolic effects of bacterial endotoxins. The release of vasoactive agents and the vascular effects of endotoxin are also considered. The book further tackles the febrile response to endotoxin; some major aspects and the relationship between shock and endotoxemia; as well as the effects of lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) on the susceptibility to infections. The text also encompasses the role of hypersensitivity and tolerance in reactions to endotoxins. Pathologists, immunologists, physiologists, and microbiologists will find the book invaluable.
Author: Frederick C. Pearson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Author: Helmut Brade
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000110389
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 968
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Book Description
Offering a basis for further research into the interactions of hosts and pathogens, this work gathers up-to-date findings, and details basic structures, functions and immunology. It provides descriptions of a variety of experimental endotoxin neutralizing agents, as well as a guide to clinical research initiatives and the latest treatments.
Author: International Endotoxin Society. Congress
Publisher: Wiley-Liss
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 648
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Book Description
Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, Volume 392 Bacterial Endotoxins Lipopolysaccharides From Genes to Therapy Proceedings of the Third Conference of the International Endotoxin Society, Held in Helsinki, Finland, August 15–18, 1994 Jack Levin, Carl R. Alving, Robert S. Munford, and Heinz Redl, Editors In the past two decades, the scope of research in the field of bacterial endotoxins has expanded dramatically. Bacterial Endotoxins: Lipopolysaccharides From Genes to Therapy contains the most recent basic and clinical work of researchers studying lipopolysaccharides (LPS), including everything from recent findings on the molecular genetics and biosynthesis of LPS, to various aspects of endotoxin tolerance. Assembling information from the work of renowned international researchers, the book is divided into ten well-organized sections, each of which includes papers representing the state of the art in LPS investigations. Specific topics covered in the text include: the structure and biosynthesis of Rhizobium leguminosarum lipid A conformation and fluidity of endotoxins as determinants of biological activity modalities of endotoxin binding to CD14 rational computer-aided design of ligands that bind endotoxin formation of a TNF synthesis inhibitor in endotoxin tolerance monophosphoryl lipid A as a prophylactic for sepsis and septic shock Bacterial Endotoxins: Lipopolysaccharides From Genes to Therapy provides a clear reflection of the vitality of the bacterial endotoxin macromolecule and its biological effects. This book will appeal to laboratory and clinical medical microbiologists, immunologists studying bacterial endotoxins, and internal medicine specialists who are treating inflammatory disease. The breadth of coverage will also make it a valuable resource for researchers within both the biotechnology and pharmaceutical fields.
Author: George Weinbaum
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483215881
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 494
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Book Description
Microbial Toxins, Volume IV: Bacterial Endotoxins covers a general introduction of bacterial endotoxins, as well as research concerning structure (both morphological and physical), chemistry, immunology, biosynthesis, and genetics of bacterial endotoxins. The book describes the general characteristics of bacterial endotoxins; the anatomy and chemistry of Gram-negative cell envelopes; and the physical structure of bacterial lipopolysaccharides. The text also discusses the isolation and chemical and immunological characterization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides; the chemistry of the unique carbohydrates of bacterial lipopolysaccharides; and the relation of bacteriophage attachment to lipopolysaccharide structure. The chemical and biological heterogeneity of endotoxins, as well as the biosynthesis of the core region of lipopolysaccharide are also considered. The book further tackles the biosynthesis of O-antigens and the genetic aspects of biosynthesis and structure of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide. Microbiologists, biochemists, bacteriologists, immunologists, and people involved in biochemical research will find the book useful.
Author: Alois Nowotny
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146844364X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 582
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Book Description
The study of endotoxins has undergone cycles of enthusiastic research followed by neglect and revival again due to newly described biological effects attributed to endotoxins. It is almost a generally applicable rule that both extremes in such fluctuations in the popularity of certain re search fields are unjustified. It is obvious that exaggerated expectations will lead to disappointments, and complete neglect of a once-exciting field is to be followed by renewed attention, if the scientific basis of earlier interest was solid and remained so throughout. The healing ef fect of fever was praised as nature's blessed cure, until it was discov ered that it is caused by bacteria. When it became evident that by careful application one can arrive at therapeutic doses without intro ducing shock and hypotension, the era of fever therapy began. During this time, indiscriminate use of pyrogens was so widespread that the high expectations had to be followed by disillusionment. Since then, in terest in endotoxins experienced a few more oscillations, with varying wavelengths and amplitudes, the latest being triggered by the mitotic effect of endotoxin. This led to justified excitement among researchers who study the activation of the cells of the lymphatic system and the consequences thereof, including the release of important mediator mol ecules. Fever therapy is passe, but the healing that often followed the ap plication of endotoxins remains a well-documented fact.
