Emissions and Fuel-economy Test Methods and Procedures: Consultant Report to the Committee on Motor Vehicle Emissions, Commission on Sociotechnical Systems, September, 1974 PDF Download
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Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Author: David Milks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: Richard A. Matula
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Richard A. Matula
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Author: Richard A. Matula
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309159474
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.
Author: Richard A. Matula
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Author: F. T. Rabe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Author: Light Duty Vehicle Performance and Economy Measure Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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This Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Recommended Practice establishes uniform chassis dynamometer test procedures for hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) that are designed to be driven on public roads. The procedure provides instructions for measuring and calculating the exhaust emissions and fuel economy of HEVs driven on the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) and the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (HFEDS), as well as the exhaust emissions of HEVs driven on the US06 Driving Schedule (US06) and the SC03 Driving Schedule (SC03). However, the procedures are structured so that other driving schedules may be substituted, provided that the corresponding preparatory procedures, test lengths, and weighting factors are modified accordingly.Furthermore, this document does not specify which emissions constituents to measure (e.g., HC, CO, NOx, CO2); instead, that decision will depend on the objectives of the tester. The emissions calculations for plug-in hybrid-electric vehicle (PHEV) operation are provided as inventory results, weighted in the same manner as fuel and electrical energy consumption. Decisions for on-board versus off-board emissions, relative benefits of emissions-free driving, and how best to weight a "cold-start" cycle in charge-depleting (CD) mode must first be made before a certification methodology can be determined. Thus, calculations or test methodology intended to certify a PHEV for compliance of emissions standards is beyond the scope of this document.For purposes of this test procedure, an HEV is defined as a road vehicle that can draw propulsion energy from both of the following sources of stored energy: (1) a consumable fuel and (2) a rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) that is recharged by the on-board hybrid propulsion system, an external electric energy source, or both. Consumable fuels that are covered by this document are limited to petroleum-based liquid fuels (e.g., gasoline and Diesel fuel), alcohol-based liquid fuels (e.g., methanol and ethanol), and hydrocarbon-based gaseous fuels (e.g., compressed natural gas). The RESSs that are covered by this document include batteries, capacitors, and electromechanical flywheels. Procedures are included to test CD operating modes of HEVs designed to be routinely charged off-board, and calculations are provided that combine the CD and charge-sustaining (CS) behavior according to in-use driving statistics.The HEVs shall have an RESS with a nominal energy >2% of the fuel consumption energy of a particular test cycle to qualify to be tested with the procedures contained in this document.Single-roll, electric dynamometer test procedures are specified to minimize the test-to-test variations inherent in track testing and to conform to standard industry practice for exhaust emissions and fuel economy measurements.This document does not include test procedures for recharge-dependent (RD) operating modes or vehicles (see 3.1.2 for the definition).This document does not address the methods or equations necessary to calculate the adjusted U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) label miles per gallon (MPG) (sometimes referred to "EPA 5-Cycle" calculations). Hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) technology has progressed significantly since the original publication of SAE standard J1711. The HEV has been in production for over a decade and parts of the original procedure have successfully addressed charge-sustaining HEVs. However, at the time of this revision, plug-in hybrid technology has experienced rapid development. As such, the procedures to address this technology needed to be revisited and modified to accommodate the operational possibilities demonstrated by the diverse set of working prototypes and simulated vehicles in the literature. Also, the list of standard test procedures addressed in SAE J1711 has been expanded to cover all five major test cycle procedures (UDDS, HFEDS, US06, SC03, and Cold FTP) now being used to evaluate vehicle fuel economy.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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