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Author: Vishrant Krishna Gupta
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780438391932
Category : Computer science
Languages : en
Pages : 95
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Book Description
A concept map can be used to represent knowledge. A causal map is a type of concept map and a graphical way that can be used to define thinking of an individual about a system by using links between nodes in a network to represent causation or influence. A causal map thus can be used to solve ill-structured problems and evaluate student's assignment. Causal maps can also be used to generate feedback for a student by comparing it with an expert map. However, exact network comparison is an NP-complete problem and is known to be graph isomorphism problem. In order to solve the problem, an online platform is created, where instead of exact graph comparison mathematical techniques such as graph edit distance, graph kernel, and graph embedding are used to measure how closely two networks match. Before performing comparison it is important to establish a common set of terms between two networks, as a student term might have a slight variations in the way they name the included concepts in causal map. This requires alignment of terms which is often contextual, the process is eased by implementing a recommendation system by leveraging alignments done by other users. Step by step feedback is generated to guide the student in developing their understanding of a system. This software can be used in Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) and classroom-based system, where assessing the learning experience and providing feedback to a large number of participants is an ongoing challenge.
Author: Vishrant Krishna Gupta
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780438391932
Category : Computer science
Languages : en
Pages : 95
Get Book Here
Book Description
A concept map can be used to represent knowledge. A causal map is a type of concept map and a graphical way that can be used to define thinking of an individual about a system by using links between nodes in a network to represent causation or influence. A causal map thus can be used to solve ill-structured problems and evaluate student's assignment. Causal maps can also be used to generate feedback for a student by comparing it with an expert map. However, exact network comparison is an NP-complete problem and is known to be graph isomorphism problem. In order to solve the problem, an online platform is created, where instead of exact graph comparison mathematical techniques such as graph edit distance, graph kernel, and graph embedding are used to measure how closely two networks match. Before performing comparison it is important to establish a common set of terms between two networks, as a student term might have a slight variations in the way they name the included concepts in causal map. This requires alignment of terms which is often contextual, the process is eased by implementing a recommendation system by leveraging alignments done by other users. Step by step feedback is generated to guide the student in developing their understanding of a system. This software can be used in Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) and classroom-based system, where assessing the learning experience and providing feedback to a large number of participants is an ongoing challenge.
Author: Robert D. Rupert
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004535330
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 499
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Book Description
These ten lectures articulate a distinctive vision of the structure and workings of the human mind, drawing from research on embodied cognition as well as from historically more entrenched approaches to the study of human thought. On the author’s view, multifarious materials co-contribute to the production of virtually all forms of human behavior, rendering implausible the idea that human action is best explained by processes taking place in an autonomous mental arena – those in the conscious mind or occurring at the so-called personal level. Rather, human behavior issues from a widely varied, though nevertheless integrated, collection of states and mechanisms, the integrated nature of which is determined by a form of clustering in the components’ contributions to the production of intelligent behavior. This package of resources, the cognitive system, is the human self. Among its elements, the cognitive system includes a vast number of representations, many subsets of which share their content. On the author’s view, redundancy of content itself constitutes an important explanatory quantity; the greater the extent of content-redundancy among representations that co-contribute to the production of an instance of behavior, the more fluid the behavior. In the course of developing and applying these views, the author addresses questions about the content of mental representations, extended cognition, the value of knowledge, and group minds.
Author: Armin W. Schulz
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262345277
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
An argument that representational decision making is more cognitively efficient, allowing an organism to adjust more easily to changes in the environment. Many organisms (including humans) make decisions by relying on mental representations. Not simply a reaction triggered by perception, representational decision making employs high-level, non-perceptual mental states with content to manage interactions with the environment. A person making a decision based on mental representations, for example, takes a step back from her perceptions at the time to assess the nature of the world she lives in. But why would organisms rely on representational decision making, and what evolutionary benefits does this reliance provide to the decision maker? In Efficient Cognition, Armin Schulz argues that representational decision making can be more cognitively efficient than non-representational decision making. Specifically, he shows that a key driver in the evolution of representational decision making is that mental representations can enable an organism to save cognitive resources and adjust more efficiently to changed environments. After laying out the foundations of his argument—clarifying the central questions, the characterization of representational decision making, and the relevance of an evidential form of evolutionary psychology—Schulz presents his account of the evolution of representational decision making and critically considers some of the existing accounts of the subject. He then applies his account to three open questions concerning the nature of representational decision making: the extendedness of decision making, and when we should expect cognition to extend into the environment; the specialization of decision making and the use of simple heuristics; and the psychological sources of altruistic behaviors.
Author: Hugh Clapin
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 008054052X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 271
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Book Description
'Representation in Mind' is the first book in the new series 'Perspectives on Cognitive Science' and includes well known contributors in the areas of philosophy of mind, psychology and cognitive science.The papers in this volume offer new ideas, fresh approaches and new criticisms of old ideas. The papers deal in new ways with fundamental questions concerning the problem of mental representation that one contributor, Robert Cummins, has described as "THE problem in philosophy of mind for some time now". The editors' introductory overview considers the problem for which mental representation has been seen as an answer, sketching an influential framework, outlining some of the issues addressed and then providing an overview of the papers. Issues include: the relation between mental representation and public, non-mental representation; misrepresentation; the role of mental representations in intelligent action; the relation between representation and consciousness; the relation between folk psychology and explanations invoking mental representations
Author: Armin W. Schulz
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262546736
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
An argument that representational decision making is more cognitively efficient, allowing an organism to adjust more easily to changes in the environment. Many organisms (including humans) make decisions by relying on mental representations. Not simply a reaction triggered by perception, representational decision making employs high-level, non-perceptual mental states with content to manage interactions with the environment. A person making a decision based on mental representations, for example, takes a step back from her perceptions at the time to assess the nature of the world she lives in. But why would organisms rely on representational decision making, and what evolutionary benefits does this reliance provide to the decision maker? In Efficient Cognition, Armin Schulz argues that representational decision making can be more cognitively efficient than non-representational decision making. Specifically, he shows that a key driver in the evolution of representational decision making is that mental representations can enable an organism to save cognitive resources and adjust more efficiently to changed environments. After laying out the foundations of his argument—clarifying the central questions, the characterization of representational decision making, and the relevance of an evidential form of evolutionary psychology—Schulz presents his account of the evolution of representational decision making and critically considers some of the existing accounts of the subject. He then applies his account to three open questions concerning the nature of representational decision making: the extendedness of decision making, and when we should expect cognition to extend into the environment; the specialization of decision making and the use of simple heuristics; and the psychological sources of altruistic behaviors.
Author: Harold Pashler
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 1412950570
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 897
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Book Description
It's hard to conceive of a topic of more broad and personal interest than the study of the mind. In addition to its traditional investigation by the disciplines of psychology, psychiatry, and neuroscience, the mind has also been a focus of study in the fields of philosophy, economics, anthropology, linguistics, computer science, molecular biology, education, and literature. In all these approaches, there is an almost universal fascination with how the mind works and how it affects our lives and our behavior. Studies of the mind and brain have crossed many exciting thresholds in recent years, and the study of mind now represents a thoroughly cross-disciplinary effort. Researchers from a wide range of disciplines seek answers to such questions as: What is mind? How does it operate? What is consciousness? This encyclopedia brings together scholars from the entire range of mind-related academic disciplines from across the arts and humanities, social sciences, life sciences, and computer science and engineering to explore the multidimensional nature of the human mind.
Author: Jacques Mehler
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1315521911
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
Originally published in 1982, the editors felt that their field was clearly in need of explanatory accounts for many different areas. This volume presents statements of the status of research in several areas by scholars at the forefront of the discipline. It tries at the same time to juxtapose theoretical and experimental perspectives in order to display some of the major lines of tension in the field. Divided into 5 parts it covers: Theoretical Perspectives; Experimental Studies in Processing; Neuropsychological Studies in Processing; Studies in Development; followed by Commentary on some specific chapters.
Author: Keith S. Dobson
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462547729
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 543
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Book Description
Now revised and expanded with over 50% new material, this definitive clinical reference is the text of choice for graduate-level courses in evidence-based psychotherapy. Foremost authorities describe the conceptual and scientific foundations of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and provide a framework for assessment and case formulation. Major approaches are reviewed in detail, including emotion-centered problem-solving therapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, schema therapy, mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions, and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Applications to specific populations are discussed, including children and adolescents, couples, culturally diverse clients, and more. New to This Edition *Chapter on clinical assessment. *Chapter on DBT. *Chapters on transdiagnostic treatments, CBT-based prevention models, and improving dissemination and implementation. *Existing chapters extensively revised or rewritten to reflect important research and clinical advances.
Author: Jacques Mehler
Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
Author: Herre van Oostendorp
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135688400
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
This volume presents in-depth investigations of the processes of meaning-making during reading at both local (discourse) and global (general knowledge) levels. It will be of theoretical and practical interest to cognitive scientists & reading researchers
