Effects of Spatial Heterogeneity in Soil Contamination - an Ecological Modelling Approach PDF Download
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Author: Mattia Meli
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788773498453
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Mattia Meli
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788773498453
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Mattia Meli
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Author: Partha Pratim Adhikary
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783031632952
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Dive into the dynamic world of environmental stewardship with "Soil, Water Pollution, and Mitigation Strategies: A Spatial Approach." This meticulously crafted volume offers a comprehensive journey through the measurement, monitoring, mapping, and modelling of soil and water pollution, coupled with innovative mitigation strategies. Discover cutting-edge techniques rooted in modern geospatial methodologies, with a sharp focus on the latest trends in data mining and robust modelling. As our planet grapples with the consequences of anthropogenic activities, such as indiscriminate chemical usage in agriculture, the need for precise quantification and risk assessment has never been more urgent. This book serves as a beacon, illuminating the path toward sustainable management of soil and water resources through the lens of geospatial technology. Explore a myriad of critical topics, including soil microbiology, salinity, pollution from industrial sources, heavy metals, and the pervasive impact of agricultural practices. Delve into environmental risk assessment, sustainable land use, and innovative remediation techniques, such as harnessing the power of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and embracing organic fertilizers. Written for researchers, professionals, and policymakers alike, this book offers invaluable insights into the complex interplay between human activity and environmental health. Organized into two parts (I) Soil Contaminants, Risk Assessment, and Mitigation, and (II) Water Contaminants, Risk Assessment, and Mitigation—it provides a structured approach to understanding and addressing environmental challenges. Each chapter serves as a portal to a deeper understanding of the issues at hand, presenting a synthesis of current research, identifying future directions, and offering pragmatic solutions. This book promises to enrich the understanding of environmental science and empower the reader with the knowledge and skills needed to effect positive change. Designed to cater to a diverse audience—from students and researchers in environmental sciences to policymakers, NGOs, and corporate stakeholders—this book is a testament to the collaborative effort required to safeguard our planet's precious resources. This is a transformative journey toward a more sustainable future—one informed by science, guided by innovation, and driven by a shared commitment to environmental stewardship.
Author: Bo Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Why do we need mathematical modelling Ecological modelling yields more general understanding and theory and provides testable and robust predictions. In particular, it is currently reaching the "next level" towards predictive and re-usable theory that can support environmental decision-making (Evans et al. 2013b). Therefore, in this dissertation work, I applied mathematical modelling to bridge pure mathematic theory with real ecology problems into two sections: (1) testing and understanding the impact of dispersal on total population size in a heterogeneous environment; (2) understanding and simulating the impact of biological control on an invasive plant and the long term dynamic change of the ecosystem in southern Florida. Could we have larger total population than total carrying capacity in a heterogeneous environment? Carrying capacity is a fundamental concept in ecology. An assumption in most non-spatial population models is that there is an upper limit on the size of the population, its carrying capacity, which is governed by the limiting resource. For example, for a plant population, this is typically space, light, or a nutrient. When the concept of carrying capacity is extended to an environment of spatially heterogeneous resources, the usual approach is to assume that the summation over the local carrying capacities yields the total carrying capacity of the whole domain. However, when the population disperses randomly in this domain, mathematical models predict that the upper limit on population size is no longer the summation over local carrying capacities. In studying a population in a two-patch system with logistic growth on each patch, where the per capita growth rates when the population is close to zero, r, and carrying capacities, K, differ on the two patches. When the two patches are connected by rapid diffusion and there is a relationship r1/K1 > r2/K2 for K1 > K2 between K and r of the two patches, the total population can reach a higher total steady state, or equilibrium, size than the sum of the subpopulations on the two patches without any connection. A mathematical derivation of a similar result was made, that considered a population of consumers in a continuous environment described by a reaction-diffusion equation with spatially varying carrying capacity (identical to the maximum growth rate), and showed that the total steady state size of a dispersed population exceeded the summation over all local carrying capacities for all diffusion rates. Further studies extended these results for both continuous spatial and multi-patch systems for populations with logistic growth in which parameters governing growth rate and carrying capacity could vary independently spatially, showing that the results held for small diffusion rates when a positive relationship existed between r and K, and for all diffusion rates when r is an accelerating convex function of K. Still, rigorous empirical validation of this "paradox" is generally lacking, so it is not known whether these results apply to real populations. Testing these results in the field or experimentally is further complicated by the fact that real populations are usually limited by exploitable resources, whereas the resources in previous models are assumed non-exploitable and not influenced by feedback from the consumer. Thus, it is not known how this more complex situation would change the results and other mathematical models. What is the long-term impact of biological control on an invasive species and our natural ecosystem? Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake (common names: melaleuca, paper bark, punk tree; Family, Myrtaceae, referred to as melaleuca thereafter) is a large (25-30m tall) native Australian tree introduced into the Florida landscape during the late 19th century for pulp production and ornamental purposes. It has strong invasive attributes, such as ecological fire adaptation and high reproductive potential. A single 10-m tall open-grown tree can store over 20 million seeds in its capsules at any given time. By the end of the 1900s melaleuca had spread over 200,000 ha of ecologically sensitive freshwater ecosystems of southern Florida displacing native vegetation such as slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and pond cypress (Taxodium ascendens Brong.), threatening native biodiversity. Melaleuca invasion has caused adverse economic and environmental impacts to southern Florida, with the loss valued, 16 years ago, at nearly $30 million per year. Predicting the effects of invading species such as melaleuca is of current general interest because of the ecological and environmental damage of many invading species. The difficulty of making predictions of the establishment and spread has been pointed out. Modelling has been applied to make predictions of future spread in many cases, including both niche modeling and mechanistic models. Various control methods have been applied in many cases, including the use of biocontrol agents that are natural enemies of the pest species. Because use of both biocontrol and other methods of control is costly, prediction of the efficacy of control is equally urgent. The long-term success of biocontrol is still uncertain, so modeling has been used in a number of cases of invasive species, including plant species. Research objectives: The main objective of my dissertation research is to contribute to addressing these two questions as follows: In Chapter 2, I first aimed to determine if the mathematical result and others has relevance to empirical systems. That is, will a diffusing population in an environment with spatially varying resources reach a higher total equilibrium biomass than the population in the same environment without diffusion? The second objective is to test the mathematical result that a hump-shaped pattern appears when the equilibrium biomass is plotted as a function of the rate of diffusion. In Chapter 3, I tested three hypotheses suggested by the earlier mathematical results. Hypothesis 1: when a consumer exists in a domain with a heterogeneously distributed input of exploitable limiting resource, the steady state population can reach a greater size when it disperses than when it does not. Hypothesis 2: the higher population in a heterogeneous environment with diffusion is concomitant with a positive relationship of growth rate and carrying capacity. Hypothesis 3: a consumer population diffusing randomly in a domain with a heterogeneously distributed input of exploitable limiting resource can reach a greater steady state size than a population diffusing (or not) in a domain with the same total input of resources spread homogeneously in the domain. We utilized a budding yeast population to test these hypotheses experimentally, and, thereafter, used mathematical analysis to extend previous mathematical models to this case of exploitable resources. In Chapter 4, the objective is to improve understanding of the possible effects of herbivory on the landscape dynamics of melaleuca in native southern Florida plant communities. To do that, I projected likely future changes in plant communities using the individual based modeling platform, JABOWA-II, by simulating successional processes occurring in two types of southern Florida habitat, cypress swamp and bay swamp, occupied by native species and melaleuca, with the impact of insect herbivores. In Chapter 5, my goal is to estimate the rate of defoliation needed to achieve a specified reduction in the growth rate under various conditions of nutrient availability to the tree and how it might change its allocations to foliage and roots in an optimal way.
Author: Peter Groffman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468464477
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Integrated regional models are conceptual and mathematical models that describe the physical environment, biological interactions, human decision-making, and human impact on the environment. Efforts are now being made to integrate regional models from the physical, biological and social sciences in order to respond to diverse environmental problems. This volume explores the latest research developments on processes operating at a variety of scales, including regions, and how scientists can combine their efforts to develop models linking biological, physical, and human systems. Data requirements for successful integrated regional models are identified and discussed. Chapters also consider methodological questions, such as whether to integrate disciplinary approaches at the beginning or the end of the modelling process, and whether integrated regional models should focus on specific regions or specific problems. The information in this volume will enable the reader to view problems such as coastal zone management, atmospheric pollution, non-point source pollution, commodity production in forested areas, and urban expansion in a broad, conceptual context. Researchers and graduate students in ecology, biology, geography and geology will benefit from this innovative approach to contemporary environmental problems.
Author: N.M. Van Straalen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461563615
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Many industrialized and developing countries are faced with the assessment of potential risks associated with contaminated land. A variety of human activities have left their impacts on soils in the form of elevated and locally high concentrations of potential toxicants. In several cases sources have not yet been stopped and contamination continues. Decisions on the management of contaminated sites and on the regulation of chemicals in the terrestrial environment require information on the extent to which toxicants adversely affect the life support function of soils. Ecological insights into the soil as an ecosystem may support such decisions. This book reviews the latest ecological principles that should be considered in this respect.
Author: Maria C. Hernandez Soriano
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 953511235X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 922
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Book Description
Soil is an irreplaceable resource that sustains life on the planet, challenged by food and energy demands of an increasing population. Therefore, soil contamination constitutes a critical issue to be addressed if we are to secure the life quality of present and future generations. Integrated efforts from researchers and policy makers are required to develop sound risk assessment procedures, remediation strategies and sustainable soil management policies. Environmental Risk Assessment of Soil Contamination provides a wide depiction of current research in soil contamination and risk assessment, encompassing reviews and case studies on soil pollution by heavy metals and organic pollutants. The book introduces several innovative approaches for soil remediation and risk assessment, including advances in phytoremediation and implementation of metabolomics in soil sciences.
Author: Holly D. Gaff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fish populations
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Author: Rafa Brava
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Grady Hanrahan
Publisher: ILM Publications
ISBN: 1906799008
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Book Description
This title showcases modern environmental modelling methods, the basic theory behind them and their incorporation into complex environmental investigations.
