Effects of Mechanical Damage in Soybean Seed Upon Germination and Stand Establishment PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Effects of Mechanical Damage in Soybean Seed Upon Germination and Stand Establishment PDF full book. Access full book title Effects of Mechanical Damage in Soybean Seed Upon Germination and Stand Establishment by Tjitropranoto Prabowo. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Tjitropranoto Prabowo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Seeds
Languages : en
Pages : 134
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Tjitropranoto Prabowo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Seeds
Languages : en
Pages : 134
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: T. Prabowo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 67
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: F. Popinigis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 75
Get Book Here
Book Description
A study was conducted to determine the immediate effects of mechanical damage to soybean seed as influenced by a combine harvester applying different levels of threshing effort on pods and seed at different levels of moisture content. Four rows were harvested at a time, and the yield was 34 bushels per acre. A rasp bar cylinder type harvesting combine was used to harvest the seed at 16.85, 13.05 and 1.65% moisture conten, applying Threshing indices of 70, 87, 108 and 130. Visible effects of damage, evaluated as percentage of split seed, cracked coated seed, visibly uncracked seed and seed size, revealed that the interaction of seed moisture and threshing Index was of significant importance in determining the degree of injury to seed at harvesting. For any level of one of these two factors, the extent of injury was dependent upon the level of the other factor, except for cracking of the seed coat, for which the interaction failed to be significant. Decreased levels of seed moisture content and increased cracking of seed coats, and a decrease int he proportion of visibly uncracked seed. Combine harvested seed tended to be smaller than hand harvested. Physiological responses of the combine harvested seed were evaluated by the standard germination test, accelerated aging test, storage under adverse conditions, and soil emergence. Seed harvested at 16.85% moisture produced lower germination percentages and lower vigor ratings than did seed harvested at 13.05 and 11.65% moisture. Increased Threshing Index caused a decrea.
Author: Eduardo Zink
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages : 55
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 206
Get Book Here
Book Description
Soybean seed maturation at different levels in the plant canopy and viability of seed harvested at different stages; Preharvest environment: weathering; Harvest procedure and damage: effect on seed quality; Genetic differences in soybean seed quality: screening methods for cultivar improvement; Seedborne microorganisms and viruses and seed quality; Effects of stinkbug damage on soybean quality; Soybean seed quality and practical storage; Physiological changes during storage that effect soybean seed quality; The microorganisms of stored soybean seeds; Insects affecting soybeans in storage; Plant spacing in soybean production; Effect of temperature on the germination of soybean seeds in the low humid tropics; Physical factors affecting stand establishment: effect of soil temperature, moisture, and texture on stand establishment; Factors affecting the sowing of planting seeds: land preparation and planting; Purity and germination testing of soybean seeds; Seed testing: detection of pathogens; Factors affecting the sowing of soybeans: cropping methods; Seed dressings and Rhizobium inoculum; Soilborne pathogens and damping-off of soybeans; Country reports; Abstracts of contributed papers; Report of the working committees.
Author: Charles Hubert Oathout
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Seeds
Languages : en
Pages : 28
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grain
Languages : en
Pages : 240
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: M. K. Misra
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soybean
Languages : en
Pages : 4
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: C. de M. MESQUITA
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 142
Get Book Here
Book Description
Research findings on mechanical properties related to soybean threshing has suggested the inefficent use of considerable amounts of energy by the conventional methods of harvesting. This research intended to prove that there is potential to improve harvesting equipment by taking advantage of the shattering characteristic of soybeans. Two experimental devices were designed, built, and tested to study the effects of mechanical impact and mechanical rubbing (friction and compression) on threshing soybeans including mechanical seed damage. The energies required by pods to be threshed and to operate both devices were measured and compared with the energy used by conventional combines to thresh soybeans. The impact device was basically made of two parallel walls suspended from a supporting plate which moved in a reciprocating motion beating the plants which were driven between them to simulate a harvester moving over a row of plants. The rubbing device was composed of two endless belts mounted on four vertical rollers with adjustable spacing between them. Similar to the impact device, the plants were driven into the front gap simulating the movement of the device over the row of plants. The impact device threshed 92.5% of the soybeans with the combined effect of the 520 rpm crank wheel speed and the 10% moisture content pods. The threshing efficiency with the 520 rpm crank weel speed was around three times higher than that obtained with the 360 rpm speed. Threshing efficiency increased significantly with decreasing of pod moisture content. Seed damage, although had presented some high levels, did not affect significantly the levels of vigor and germination. There was a trend to increase the mechanical damage with an increase in the impact speeds and a decrease of pod moisture content. The estimated energy was 0.0127 J per pod to be shattered at 10% moisture content. The kinetic energy available from the device per impact or half revolution of the crank was 50 J. The energy required to drive the impact device was 110 J during 0.05747 s (time taken for crank's half revolution). The energy used by threshing mechanisms of conventional combines was found to be around 30 times greater than the total energy absorved by soybeans from the impact device. The impact device required 20% less energy when compared to the threshing energy requirements of conventional combines. There was no significant effect of belt speeds on the threshing efficiency of the rubbing device. The threshing efficiency at 21% pod moisture content was significantly lower than that at 10 and 16% moisture content. The threshing efficiency at any speed at 10% moisture content pods was over 92,5%. There was no significant mechanical seed damage. The energy required per pod to be shatterred by the rubbing device was 0.0123 J during 0.023 s. The energy required by the rubbing device was 18.5 J. The energy used by conventional combines was: more than 100 times higher than the required by the pod to be shattered, 12 times the energy required by a soybean plant (pods and stem), and more than 4 times the energy required by the rubbing device. The conclusions concerning to the impact device were: 1 - The impact device threshed soybeans satisfactorily at impact speeds adjusted to the moisture content of the pods. Pod moisture content and velocity of impact were important sources of variation for threshing efficiency. 2 - The mechanical damage to the seeds did not affect significantly the vigor and germination despite the trend to increase with increasing impact speed and decreasing moisture content. 3 - The impact device demanded 25.52 MJ/ha, while the total energy required or absorbed by pods at 13% moisture content was 1.044 MJ/ha. 4 - Although the impact device saved about 20% of energy when compared to the threshing mechanisms of conventional combines, there is potential to improve it by reducing its mass or by using driving mechanism other than crank system to transmit impact requiring less energy. The conclusions fore the rubbing device were: 1 - The rubbing device presented a remarkable threshing performance. The threshing efficiency oh the rubbing device was very high at belt speeds from 10.8 to 13.4 km/h and pod moisture contents from 10 to 16%, and satisfactory at those speeds and pod moisture of 21%. Pod moisture contents and belt speeds were not limiting factors in the rubbing process. This was an important characteristic as the device worked in a wider than the normal range of pod moisture content for current harvest methods. 2 - The levels of mechanical damaged seeds were equal to the control (hand threshed) treatment. This result, obtained at belt speeds higher than normally used ground speeds, suggests that ground speeds could be still increased with further development of this system. 3 - The estimated energy required by the rubbing device was 7.4 MJ/ha while the estimated energy required by pods and stem together was 2.5 MJ/ha and the energy required by pods only was 0.252 MJ/ha. 4 - Despite the fact that the energy requirements of the rubbing device was four times less than that of conventional combines, it still wasted a lot of energy as compared to the energy required by plants (pods and stems), and required by pods alone. The large difference between the energies required to thresh the plant (pods and stem) and to thresh the pods alone suggests that future improvements of soybean harvesting equipment should consider the possibility of avoiding the handling or processing of the stems along with the pods. The overall results seem to prove that there is potential to improve soybean harvesting equipment if the machines were designed to take advantage of the shattering characteristic of the pods.
Author: Sompong Meeklai
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Seeds
Languages : en
Pages : 118
Get Book Here
Book Description
