Effects of Carbon Dioxide Injection on the Displacement of Methane and Carbonate Dissolution in Sandstone Cores PDF Download
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Author: Ekene Obioma Maduakor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Previous coreflood experiments show that CO2 sequestration in carbonate rocks is a win-win technology. Injecting CO2 into a depleted gas reservoir for storage also produces hitherto unrecoverable gas. This in turn helps to defray the cost of CO2 sequestration. This thesis reports the results from experiments conducted on a Berea sandstone core. The experiments include displacement experiments and unconfined compressive strength tests. The displacement experiments were conducted at cell pressures of 1500 psig and temperature of 60°C using a 1 foot long and 1 inch diameter Berea sandstone core. Pure CO2 and treated flue gas (99.433 % mole CO2) were injected into the Berea sandstone core initially saturated with methane at a pressure of 1500 psig and 800 psig respectively. Results from these experiments show that the dispersion coefficient for both pure CO2 and treated flue gas are relatively small ranging from 0.18-0.225 cm2/min and 0.28-0.30 cm2/min respectively. The recovery factor of methane at break-through is relatively high ranging from 71%-80% of original gas in place for pure CO2 and 90% to92% OGIP for treated flue gas, the difference resulting from different cell pressures used. Therefore it would appear that, in practice injection of treated flue gas is a cheaper option compared to pure CO2 injection. For the unconfined compressive strength tests, corefloods were first conducted at high flowrates ranging from 5 ml/min to 20 ml/ min, pressures of 1700-1900 Psig and a temperature of 65°C. These conditions simulate injecting CO2 originating from anelectric power generation plant into a depleted gas reservoir and model the near wellbore situation. Results from these experiments show a 1% increase in porosity and changes in injectivity due to permeability impairment. The cores are then subjected to an unconfined compressive strength test. Results from these tests do not show any form of weakening of the rock due to CO2 injection.
Author: Ekene Obioma Maduakor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Previous coreflood experiments show that CO2 sequestration in carbonate rocks is a win-win technology. Injecting CO2 into a depleted gas reservoir for storage also produces hitherto unrecoverable gas. This in turn helps to defray the cost of CO2 sequestration. This thesis reports the results from experiments conducted on a Berea sandstone core. The experiments include displacement experiments and unconfined compressive strength tests. The displacement experiments were conducted at cell pressures of 1500 psig and temperature of 60°C using a 1 foot long and 1 inch diameter Berea sandstone core. Pure CO2 and treated flue gas (99.433 % mole CO2) were injected into the Berea sandstone core initially saturated with methane at a pressure of 1500 psig and 800 psig respectively. Results from these experiments show that the dispersion coefficient for both pure CO2 and treated flue gas are relatively small ranging from 0.18-0.225 cm2/min and 0.28-0.30 cm2/min respectively. The recovery factor of methane at break-through is relatively high ranging from 71%-80% of original gas in place for pure CO2 and 90% to92% OGIP for treated flue gas, the difference resulting from different cell pressures used. Therefore it would appear that, in practice injection of treated flue gas is a cheaper option compared to pure CO2 injection. For the unconfined compressive strength tests, corefloods were first conducted at high flowrates ranging from 5 ml/min to 20 ml/ min, pressures of 1700-1900 Psig and a temperature of 65°C. These conditions simulate injecting CO2 originating from anelectric power generation plant into a depleted gas reservoir and model the near wellbore situation. Results from these experiments show a 1% increase in porosity and changes in injectivity due to permeability impairment. The cores are then subjected to an unconfined compressive strength test. Results from these tests do not show any form of weakening of the rock due to CO2 injection.
Author: Luigi Marini
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080466885
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 471
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Book Description
The contents of this monograph are two-scope. First, it intends to provide a synthetic but complete account of the thermodynamic and kinetic foundations on which the reaction path modeling of geological CO2 sequestration is based. In particular, a great effort is devoted to review the thermodynamic properties of CO2 and of the CO2-H2O system and the interactions in the aqueous solution, the thermodynamic stability of solid product phases (by means of several stability plots and activity plots), the volumes of carbonation reactions, and especially the kinetics of dissolution/precipitation reactions of silicates, oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates. Second, it intends to show the reader how reaction path modeling of geological CO2 sequestration is carried out. To this purpose the well-known high-quality EQ3/6 software package is used. Setting up of computer simulations and obtained results are described in detail and used EQ3/6 input files are given to guide the reader step-by-step from the beginning to the end of these exercises. Finally, some examples of reaction-path- and reaction-transport-modeling taken from the available literature are presented. The results of these simulations are of fundamental importance to evaluate the amounts of potentially sequestered CO2, and their evolution with time, as well as the time changes of all the other relevant geochemical parameters (e.g., amounts of solid reactants and products, composition of the aqueous phase, pH, redox potential, effects on aquifer porosity). In other words, in this way we are able to predict what occurs when CO2 is injected into a deep aquifer. * Provides applications for investigating and predicting geological carbon dioxide sequestration * Reviews the geochemical literature in the field * Discusses the importance of geochemists in the multidisciplinary study of geological carbon dioxide sequestration
Author: Cheng Yii Sim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon dioxide
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
Carbon dioxide (CO2) geosequestration is a proposed method to mitigate the emissions of this green house gas into the atmosphere. Time-lapse seismic reflection imaging is used to monitor subsurface variation when CO2 is injected into a geological reservoir. The changes observed in time-lapse seismic signature are often associated with fluid-saturation and/or fluid pressure changes which are used to monitor the movement of the CO2 plume. However, geophysicists have not taken into account how rock-CO2 chemical reactions can affect these time-lapse signatures when geochemists have already shown that carbonate minerals dissolve when they are in contact with carbonic acid. The Pohokura Field, is a major gas-producing field in New Zealand. It has been suggested as a potential CO2-sequestration site after depletion. Its reservoir sandstones have a range of carbonate cementation volumes which makes it a great candidate to study time-lapse response due to fluids and rock dissolution if CO2-sequestration were to be carried out at the Pohokura Field. This thesis investigates the interaction between carbonate-cemented sandstones and a CO2-water mixture, in terms of the elastic and physical properties of the rocks. The effects of fluid substitution alone (brine to supercritical CO2) and those due to the combination of fluid substitution and mineral dissolution on time-lapse seismic signatures are studied by combining laboratory data, geophysical well-log data and 1-D seismic forward modelling. The results of reservoir sandstone samples reacted with a pressurised CO2-water mixture in the laboratory suggest that the governing factor of the degree of mineral dissolution is the initial rock texture as opposed to the abundance of carbonate cement present in the sandstone. Coarse-grained sandstones show greater changes in elastic wave velocities due to dissolution than ne-grained sandstones. Subsequently, the laboratory information is applied onto well-log data to model changes in elastic properties of sandstones in a well-log scale. Besides that, the suite of well-logs and core petrographic analyses, from four Pohokura appraisal wells, are used to find an elastic model that best describes the observed elastic waves velocities in the cemented reservoir sandstones. The Constant-cement rock physics model is found to predict the elastic behavior of the cemented sandstones. The model assumes that the grain-contact cement volume is more important than the non-contact cement volume as it controls the velocity of seismic waves propagating in the sandstones. The changes in elastic properties, such as elastic wave velocity changes, due to mineral dissolution are greater than those due to fluid substitution alone (more than twice for some of the Pohokura reservoir sandstones). When propagating the laboratory results to the well-log data, it is observed that the mineral dissolution effect is greater in the wells located at the North of the field as compared to the ones in the South, since the geology of Pohokura suggests that the sandstones are of coarser grains towards the North. Computed 1-D synthetic seismograms show that the reflection amplitude change due to fluid substitution and mineral dissolution in the Pohokura reservoir can be significant (maximum change of 126%). It is therefore important to consider that time-lapse seismic signatures at the Pohokura Field, and other carbonate-cemented reservoirs, can be misinterpreted if the model used neglects the chemical reaction between a CO2-water mixture and the carbonate cements.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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ABSTRACT Two studies, conducted in cooperation with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (using the R/V Western Flyer and the ROV Tiburon), investigated effects of carbon dioxide hydrate emplacement and associated dissolution products on foraminifera at two sites (3600m and 3100m) off the California margin. Foraminifera are ideal for these investigations because of differing test composition (calcareous and agglutinated) and thicknesses, and diverse epifaunal and infaunal depth preferences. The pH of each site was monitored by Seabird CTDs. Suites of sediment push-cores were collected and stained (to distinguish live from dead). These included control cores and multiple experimental core types (corral, distal, and proximal). Core length differed between the two studies in part to assess the effective depth of penetration of CO2 within the sediments. Effects of CO2 emplacement on foraminiferal assemblages have been tracked both vertically (10-20cm below the sea floor) and horizontally (up to 50m from CO2 injection sites), and between live and dead individuals. Results from these experiments are in accordance on several major effects: 1) increased mortality and dissolution as a consequence of CO2 hydrate exposure; 2) total number of foraminifera in the sample decreases; and 3) resistance to dissolution varies with depth and species. Down-core trends (to 10cm bsf) for the 3600m study show: 1) an exponential decrease of tests with depths; 2) percent agglutinated forms decline and calcareous forms increasingly dominate with depth; 3) agglutinated diversity decreases with depth; and 3) assemblages in experimental cores become increasingly similar with depth to those in control cores. Down-core trends for the 3100m study show: 1) a uniform distribution of tests to a depth of 14cm; 2) below 14cm there is a linear increase in test abundance per centimeter; and 3) deep penetration of carbonate dissolution (up to 16cm) in assemblages in experimental cores. These results suggest that while the overall effects of mortality and dissolution of foraminifera are similar, emplacement effects vary between sites, with shallower assemblages better demonstrating the true magnitude due to the predominantly calcareous forms. Both sites experienced a small overall reduction in ocean pH as well as large excursions resulting from CO2 injection. Exposure to this low pH plume caused increased mortality and dissolution of calcareous foraminifera as far as 50m from the injection site. These results imply almost complete initial mortality and dissolution upon CO2 hydrate emplacement in the corrals.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Petroleum engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Author: V. Vishal
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319270192
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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This exclusive compilation written by eminent experts from more than ten countries, outlines the processes and methods for geologic sequestration in different sinks. It discusses and highlights the details of individual storage types, including recent advances in the science and technology of carbon storage. The topic is of immense interest to geoscientists, reservoir engineers, environmentalists and researchers from the scientific and industrial communities working on the methodologies for carbon dioxide storage. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are often held responsible for the rising temperature of the globe. Geologic sequestration prevents atmospheric release of the waste greenhouse gases by storing them underground for geologically significant periods of time. The book addresses the need for an understanding of carbon reservoir characteristics and behavior. Other book volumes on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) attempt to cover the entire process of CCUS, but the topic of geologic sequestration is not discussed in detail. This book focuses on the recent trends and up-to-date information on different storage rock types, ranging from deep saline aquifers to coal to basaltic formations.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Petroleum
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Author: Mark A. Klins
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Author: Kenneth Yun-Kwong Chan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Author: J Gluyas
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 085709727X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
Geological storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide, in saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields or unminable coal seams, represents one of the most important processes for reducing humankind’s emissions of greenhouse gases. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). Part one provides an overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2. Chapters discuss anthropogenic climate change and the role of CCS, the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2, the monitoring of geological storage of CO2, and the role of pressure in CCS. Chapters in part two move on to explore the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and public engagement in projects, and the legal framework for CCS. Finally, part three focuses on a variety of different projects and includes case studies of offshore CO2 storage at Sleipner natural gas field beneath the North Sea, the CO2CRC Otway Project in Australia, on-shore CO2 storage at the Ketzin pilot site in Germany, and the K12-B CO2 injection project in the Netherlands. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a comprehensive resource for geoscientists and geotechnical engineers and academics and researches interested in the field. Reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) An overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2 discussing the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2 among other subjects Explores the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and the legal framework for CCS
