Effect of Suppressed White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) on Sweet Corn (Zea Mays L. Var. Rugosa Bonaf.) Yield and Nitrogen Availability in a Living Mulch Cropping System PDF Download
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Author: Thomas Edward Vrabel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cropping systems
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Author: Thomas Edward Vrabel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cropping systems
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Author: Steven Peters
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Intercropping
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Author: Mark K. Peterman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Companion planting
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Soil-related problems common to Oregon farmers are erosion, compaction, organic matter depletion, and nutrient loss. High costs of fertilizer, fuel, and weed control are additional management problems. Growing a secondary crop as a living mulch with a primary crop may ease some of these problems. Sweet corn production in Oregon is commonly plagued by these problems and may be suitable for a living mulch system. Field experiments were begun to test the feasibility of growing sweet corn (Zea mays L. 'Jubilee') and white clover (Trifolium repens L. 'New Zealand') living mulch in the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Research was done at the Oregon State University Hyslop and Horticulture research farms near Corvallis. Management practices tested were fall-planted clover (1982) compared to spring-planted clover (1983), and clover suppression treatments in 1984. Suppression treatments were 0.84 and 1.4 kg ai/ha atrazine (6-chloroN- ethyl-N'-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), and mowing. Corn yields were not reduced when clover was planted in the fall and suppressed with atrazine at 1.4 kg ai/ha. When clover suppression treatments were mowing or 0.84 kg ai/ha of atrazine, corn yields were reduced. At the Horticulture farm, an additional screening trial was conducted to determine the effect of selected herbicides on second-year white clover. Results indicated that the dimethylamine 2,4-D ((2,4- dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid) applied at 2.24 kg ae/ha gave excellent initial and residual suppression of the clover (95% at 14 days after treatment and 82.5% at 67 days after treatment). A mixture of atrazine plus alachlor (2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl-N- (methoxymethyl)acetamide) applied at 1.4 and 3.36 kg ai/ha, respectively, effectively suppressed the clover (80%), but was only slightly more severe than atrazine at 1.4 kg ai/ha.
Author: Alan S. Cooper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Companion planting
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Oregon sweet corn growers face high fertilizer, fuel and weed control costs; soil compaction, erosion, organic matter and nutrient depletion; and difficult equipment operations in muddy fields. An alternative production system might ease some of these problems. Testing was begun to evaluate a living-mulch cropping system for sweet corn (Zea mays L. 'Golden Jubliee') production in Western Oregon. Several establishment-year management options for growing sweet corn with white clover (Trifolium repens L. 'New Zealand') were tested at three Willamette Valley, Oregon locations. Production practices tested were: fall, spring, or summer clover seeding; weed control prior to clover planting with (a) EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate), (b) vernolate (S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate) or (c) no control; and clover suppression with (a) atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)- s-triazine), (b) PP333 H2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chloropheny1)-4,4- dimethyl-2-1,2,4-triazol-l-y1- )pentan-3-01), (c) mowing, or (d) no suppression. Combinations of these practices were compared with conventional corn production. Fall clover planting resulted in the most ground cover and fewest weeds by summer. Plots where preplant herbicides were applied had fewer grasses but more broadleaf weeds compared to plots not receiving a preplant herbicide application. There was no identified change in corn yield resulting from the level of weed infestation. Where clover was most vigorous, suppression was necessary to avoid corn yield reductions. Atrazine proved most effective in reducing clover growth and allowing corn yields comparable to conventional practices. Yield reductions due to management system occurred at one location, and only where the clover received no suppression treatment. As the clover becomes better established, more severe suppression will probably be necessary to avoid corn yield reductions. Casual observations indicated increasing populations of rodents. Some form of control may be required. Overall results indicate that the system has potential to reduce erosion and suppress weeds and it may be an alternative to conventional sweet corn production in the area tested.
Author: Albert J. Fischer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Mulching
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Living mulches are vegetative covers that can grow in association with row crops and may prevent soil erosion and suppress weeds. Crop reduction from association with the living mulch is a frequent problem with this cultural practice. The interference between a white clover (Trifolium repens L. "New Zealand") living mulch and sweet corn (Zea mays L. "Golden Jubilee") was studied using an established clover sward, that was mowed and then sprayed with 1 to 1.5 kg al/ha of atrazine [6_chloro__ethyl--(1-methylethyl) 1,3,5,triazine-2,4-diamine]. Corn, at different densities and planting arrangements, was planted into a 10-to 15-cm-wide band tilled in the clover. Replacement-series experiments and systematic density experiments also were conducted in this study. The experiments were irrigated. Interference by clover reduced corn yields. However, when corn row width was reduced from 76 cm to 38 cm, intraspecific interference among corn plants was reduced, and corn plants became more productive and clover suppressive. Corn and clover competed for the same resources (mainly for light) when grown in mixture for 35 days after corn emergence. Clover appeared to be the superior competitor. However, the two species partially avoided competition. Nitrogen concentration in corn tissue (48 days after planting) was reduced when the corn was grown with clover, whereas the concentrations of P, K, and S were not altered by the presence of the legume. Twenty-four days after spraying clover with atrazine, up to 3]. kg N/ha had been released into the soil from the clover. Thirty-four days later, the N concentration in soil of sprayed and unsprayed plots was the same. Soil moisture (20 cm depth) was not affected by the presence of the clover mulch.
Author: Vernon Phillip Grubinger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Green manuring
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Author: Jonathan James Wyland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cabbage
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 576
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Author: Jean Pierre Mvondo Awono
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 564
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