Effect of Planting Geometries, Irrigation Rates and Methods on Corn and Grain Sorghum PDF Download
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Author: Hanumantharao Kadasrivenkata
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ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Author: Hanumantharao Kadasrivenkata
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corn
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Author: Pramod Pokhrel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important dryland crop in the Texas Panhandle. Productivity of grain sorghum depends on climatic conditions, plant available soil water, and soil fertility. Previous research has shown growing grain sorghum in clumps instead of Equal Spaced Planting (ESP) reduced plant stress, reduced production of tillers, and increased harvest index and grain yield under dryland conditions. The current study was conducted in the greenhouse and field to investigate the effect of fertilizer application on sorghum plants grown in clump and ESP geometries. The objectives of the research were to (a) compare fertilizer (nitrogen and phosphorus) uptake in grain sorghum plants in clumps and ESP geometries (b) observe root growth patterns in clump and ESP plants (c) and determine the fertilizer effect on tiller formation and harvest index. The greenhouse experiment was conducted at West Texas A&M University during 2014 and 2015. Grain sorghum was grown in clump and ESP geometries with two and three fertilizer levels in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Plants were grown in wooden boxes, with a transparent side, covered by a removable wooden board, so that root growth could be observed. All experiments were conducted in a Randomized complete block design (RCBD) and fertilizer was applied in a band beneath clump and ESP plants. The field experiment was conducted at the USDA Conservation and Production Research Laboratory at Bushland, Texas, during 2014 and 2015. Grain sorghum was grown in clump and ESP planting geometries in unfertilized and fertilized (68 kg N ha-1 and 10 kg P ha-1) plots. Planting density in both geometries was 62,000 plants ha-1. In 2015 corn was grown in clump and ESP planting geometries without using fertilizer. N and P concentrations in grain and stover were obtained from laboratory analysis and data are reported as N uptake in aboveground biomass and P uptake in aboveground biomass In the 2014 greenhouse study, ESP plants had significantly higher N uptake in aboveground biomass, stover yield, and tillers per plant. However, harvest index was higher in clumps. The interaction between planting geometry and fertilizer showed a significantly higher N uptake in ESP with high fertilizer level. In 2015, clump plants had significantly higher grain yield, aboveground N uptake, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE). Increasing fertilizer level increased P uptake in aboveground biomass. Plants in ESP produced deeper and well developed root systems while clump plants produced roots that developed angularly and then downward. In the 2014 field study, clump plants had lower N and P uptake in aboveground biomass than ESP, but had higher NUE and PUE. Though clump plants had significantly fewer tillers per plant than ESPs, harvest index was not different. In the 2015 field study, planting geometry did not have a significant effect on N and P uptake in aboveground biomass, NUE or PUE. However, the interaction between planting geometry and fertilizer level showed higher N uptake in clump fertilized plants. Clump plants produced fewer tillers per plant. Harvest index was significantly higher in clumps. Fertilized plots had significantly higher N uptake in aboveground biomass but fertilizer had no effect on P uptake. Overall, data suggest N and P uptake in aboveground biomass varies by soil nutrient condition, and level of fertilizer. Increasing fertilizer level increases tiller production in the plants. Application of fertilizer has shown mixed results on N uptake and grain yield in clump and ESP plants. Further investigation is necessary to draw a conclusion on aboveground N and P uptake in plants grown in clump and ESP planting geometries at different fertilizer rates and placement methods.
Author: Lucas A. Haag
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Previous work in the High Plains with alternative planting geometries of corn and grain sorghum has shown potential benefits in dryland production. Studies conducted in 2009-2011 at Tribune, KS evaluated five planting geometries in corn and grain sorghum: conventional, clump, cluster, plant-one skip-one (P1S1), and plant-two skip-two (P2S2). Geometries were evaluated at three plant densities in corn: 3.0, 4.0, and 5.1 plants m−2. Every measured corn production characteristic was affected by planting geometry, seeding rate, or an interaction in at least one of the years. Corn planted in a P2S2 configuration produced the least above-ground biomass, kernels plant−1, kernels ear row−1, and the highest kernel weight. Conventionally planted corn minimized harvest index and maximized stover production. Alternative geometries produced similar harvest indices. Grain yield response to seeding rate varied by geometry and year. Responsiveness and contribution of yield components were affected by geometry. Yield and yield components, other than ears plant−1, were the least responsive to seeding rate in a cluster geometry. Clump planting consistently maximized kernels plant−1. Prolificacy was observed in the cluster treatment and barrenness in the skip-row treatments. Light interception at silking was highest for clump and conventional geometries and lowest for the skip-row treatments. Corn in a P2S2 configuration did not fully extract available soil water. Conventionally planted corn had the lowest levels of soil water at tassel-silk indicating early-season use which potentially affected kernel set. In the lowest yielding year, grain water use efficiency was highest for clump and P2S2. Across-years, grain yields were lower for corn planted in a P2S2 geometry. Across-years corn yields were maximized when planted in clump at low or intermediate plant density, conventional and P1S1 at low plant density, P1S1 at high density, or cluster at any density. Planting grain sorghum in a P1S1 or P2S2 configuration reduced total biomass, grain yield, water use efficiency for grain production (WUEg), and water use efficiency for biomass production (WUEb) compared to conventional, clump, or cluster geometries at the yield levels observed in this study. Total water use was unaffected by planting geometry although cumulative water use at flower / grain fill was higher for conventional, clump, and cluster than for skip-row configurations. Sorghum planted in a conventional geometry was always in the highest grouping of grain yields. Grain yields from sorghum in either a cluster or clump geometry were each in the top yield grouping two of three years. When evaluated across-years, sorghum planted in a clump, cluster, or conventional geometry resulted in similar levels of above-ground biomass, grain yield, WUEg, and WUEb. Clump or cluster planting appear to have substantially less downside in a high yielding year than skip-row configurations. A comparison of corn and sorghum reinforced the findings of others that the relative profitability of the crops is largely dependent on the environment for any given crop year. Relative differences in grain yield, WUEg, WUEb, and net returns varied by year. Net returns over the three year study were maximized by conventional, cluster, and clump planted sorghum as well as clump planted corn.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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"Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Author: Nazir Ahmad Sidhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Author:
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Category : Hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 664
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Author: Alassane Maiga
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a relatively drought- and heat-tolerant cereal crop. Global demand and consumption of agricultural crops for food, feed, and fuel is increasing at a rapid pace. To satisfy the growing worldwide demand for grain, production practices must be well optimized and managed. The objectives of the present study were: to optimize sorghum production by determining the best management practices (planting date, row spacing, seeding rate, hybrid maturity) for growth and yield, to evaluate the agronomic responsiveness of grain sorghum genotypes to nitrogen (N) fertilizer and to develop a partial financial budget to N fertilizer application based on best management practices. In order to meet these objectives, field experiments were conducted in 2009, 2010 and 2011 at Manhattan, Belleville, Ottawa, Hutchinson, Hays, at KSU Experiment Stations and Salina, and Randolph at Private Farms. Results indicated that early planting date (late May) and narrow row spacing (25 cm) providing the most equidistant spacing, produced better plant growth, light interception, yield components (number of grains per panicle, 300-grain weight), and biological yield. Results indicated that with increasing N rate, there was a proportional increase in chlorophyll SPAD meter reading, leaf color scores and number of green leaves. There was a significant difference among hybrids for N uptake, NUE and grain yield. However, there was no effect of N and no interaction between N and hybrid on grain yield. Over all, the genotypes with high NUE also had higher grain yield. Economic analysis using partial budget indicated that all N levels had positive gross benefit greater than control at all locations. However, the response varied across locations. Our research has shown that sorghum responds to changing management practices and opportunities exist to increase grain yield by optimizing planting date, seeding rate, row spacing, N application and selection of genotypes.
Author: K. B. Porter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Author: Jack T. Musick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Author: Shamsi Abiodun Dabiri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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