EFFECT OF FUEL SPRAY IMPINGMENT ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE IN A GASOLINE TURBOCHARGED DIRECT INJECTION (GTDI) ENGINE PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Abstract : Fuel injection in a direct injection engine can result in liquid fuel reaching the piston surface thereby causing piston wetting. This is referred to as spray fuel impingement on the piston surface. High piston surface temperatures can aid in the vaporization of impinging liquid fuel resulting in increased air-fuel homogenization. However, increased impingement with increased engine operation results in the formation of a fuel film over the piston surface. The fuel no longer evaporates resulting in decreased performance, and unburned hydrocarbon and smoke emissions. Therefore, it is important to control fuel impingement onto the piston surface. This report details a method of identifying fuel spray impingement on the piston surface with the aid of instantaneous piston temperature measurements. The rate of change of temperature with respect to crank angle position was computed from the temperature measurements in order to identify impingement at various thermocouple locations on the piston. The primary objective of this report is to study the effects of fuel impingement on engine performance in a direct injection, spark ignition engine. The effects of fuel impingement on parameters like brake specific fuel consumption, indicated mean effective pressure, coefficient of variation of gross indicated mean effective pressure, lowest normalized value of gross indicated mean effective pressure, and 50% mass fraction burned at various operating points was studied to emphasize the importance of optimizing injection timing in direct injection systems to enhance engine performance. Fuel impingement was achieved via advancing start-of-injection timing very early into the engine cycle at various speed-load operating points. Engine performance was seen to improve until fuel impingement became significant onto the injection surface. Advancing start-of-injection timing past a certain optimum point, based on the speed-load condition, resulted in increased fuel consumption, decreased work output from the engine, and higher combustion variability.
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Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract : Fuel injection in a direct injection engine can result in liquid fuel reaching the piston surface thereby causing piston wetting. This is referred to as spray fuel impingement on the piston surface. High piston surface temperatures can aid in the vaporization of impinging liquid fuel resulting in increased air-fuel homogenization. However, increased impingement with increased engine operation results in the formation of a fuel film over the piston surface. The fuel no longer evaporates resulting in decreased performance, and unburned hydrocarbon and smoke emissions. Therefore, it is important to control fuel impingement onto the piston surface. This report details a method of identifying fuel spray impingement on the piston surface with the aid of instantaneous piston temperature measurements. The rate of change of temperature with respect to crank angle position was computed from the temperature measurements in order to identify impingement at various thermocouple locations on the piston. The primary objective of this report is to study the effects of fuel impingement on engine performance in a direct injection, spark ignition engine. The effects of fuel impingement on parameters like brake specific fuel consumption, indicated mean effective pressure, coefficient of variation of gross indicated mean effective pressure, lowest normalized value of gross indicated mean effective pressure, and 50% mass fraction burned at various operating points was studied to emphasize the importance of optimizing injection timing in direct injection systems to enhance engine performance. Fuel impingement was achieved via advancing start-of-injection timing very early into the engine cycle at various speed-load operating points. Engine performance was seen to improve until fuel impingement became significant onto the injection surface. Advancing start-of-injection timing past a certain optimum point, based on the speed-load condition, resulted in increased fuel consumption, decreased work output from the engine, and higher combustion variability.
Author: Hongliang Luo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Spray-wall impingement is a widespread phenomenon applied in many fields, including spray-wall cooling system, spray coating process and fuel spray and atomization in internal combustion engines. In direct-injection spark ignition (DISI), it is difficult to avoid the fuel film on the piston head and cylinder surfaces. The wet wall caused by impingement affects the air-fuel mixture formation process, which finally influence the subsequent combustion efficiency and performance. Therefore, the fuel spray and impingement under gasoline engine-like conditions were characterized. Mie scattering technique was applied to visualize the spray evolution and impingement processes in a high-pressure and high-temperature constant chamber. Meanwhile, the adhered fuel film on the wall was measured by refractive index matching (RIM) under non-evaporation and evaporation conditions considering the effects of different injection pressures, ambient pressures and ambient temperatures. Additionally, the fuel film formation and evaporation evolution models were proposed with the help of these mechanisms.
Author: Fuquan Zhao
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN: 1468603388
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
This book covers the latest global technical initiatives in the rapidly progressing area of gasoline direct injection (GDI), spark-ignited gasoline engines and examines the contribution of each process and sub-system to the efficiency of the overall system. Including discussions, data, and figures from many technical papers and proceedings that are not available in the English language, Automotive Gasoline Direct Injection Systems will prove to be an invaluable desk reference for any GDI subject or direct-injection subsystem that is being developed worldwide.
Author: Justin E. Negrete
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
The following pages describe the experimentation and analysis of two different fuels in GM's high compression ratio, turbocharged direct injection (TDI) engine. The focus is on a burn rate analysis for the fuels - gasoline and E85 - at varying intake air temperatures. The results are aimed at aiding in a subsequent study that will look at the benefits of direct injection in turbocharged engines, ethanol's knock suppression properties, and the effects of ethanol concentration in gasoline/ethanol blends. Spark sweeps were performed for each fuel/temperature combination to find the knock limit and to assess each fuels' sensitivity to spark timing and temperature. The findings were that E85 has lower sensitivity to spark timing in terms of NIMEP loss for deviation from MBT timing. A 5% loss in NIMEP was seen at 3° of spark advance or retard for gasoline, whereas E85 took 5' to realize the same drop in NIMEP. Gasoline was also much more sensitive to intake air temperature changes than E85. Increasing the intake air temperature for gasoline decreased the peak pressure, however, knock onset began earlier for the higher temperatures, indicating that end-gas autoignition is more dependent on temperature than pressure. E85's peak pressure sensitivity to spark timing was found to be about 50% lower than that of gasoline and it displayed much higher knock resistance, not knocking until the intake air temperature was 130°C with spark timing of 30° bTDC. These results give some insight into the effectiveness of ethanol to improve gasoline's anti-knock index. Future experiments will aim to quantify charge cooling and anti-knock properties, and determine how ethanol concentration in gasoline/ethanol blends effects this knock suppression ability.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Abstract : An efficient spray injection results in better vaporization and air-fuel mixing, leading to combustion stability and reduction of emissions in the internal combustion (IC) engines. The impingement of liquid fuels on chamber wall or piston surface in IC engines is a common phenomenon and fuel film formed in the spray-piston or cylinder wall impingement plays a critical role in engine performance and emissions. Therefore, the study of the spray impingement on the chamber wall or position surface is necessary. To understand the spray-wall interaction, a single droplet impingement on a solid surface with different conditions was first examined. The droplet-wall interaction outcomes, in particular focusing on the splashing criteria, were inspected and post-impingement characterizations including spreading factor, height ratio, contact line velocity, and dynamic contact angle was further analyzed based on the experimental data. The non-evaporation volume of fluid (VOF) model based on Eulerian approach was used to characterize single droplet impinging on the wall and provide a better understanding of the dynamic impact process. In addition, the study of droplet-to-droplet collision and multi-droplet impingement on a solid surface are performed, which is essential to aid in the spray-wall impingement investigation. As well, due to the evaporation drawing more attention during the engine combustion process, an evaporation VOF sub-model was developed and applied to multi-droplet impingement on a hot surface to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the vaporizing process as droplets impacting onto the hot surface. After that, the non-vaporizing and vaporizing spray characteristics of spray-wall impingement at various operating conditions relevant to diesel engines were undertaken, with spray characterized using schlieren and Mie scattering diagnostics, as well as Refractive Index Matching (RIM) technique. Free and impinged spray structures and deposited wall-film formation and evaporation were qualitatively analyzed, spray properties and wall-film properties were quantified, and surface temperature and heat flux were measured. An Eulerian-Lagrangian modeling approach was employed to characterize the spray-wall interactions by means of a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) formulation. The local spray characteristics in the vicinity of the wall and the local spray morphology near the impingement location were studied. Furthermore, multiple spray-to-spray collision derived from droplet-to-droplet collision, considering as one of the advanced injection strategies to enhance the engine performance, was studied at various gasoline engine conditions to explore the effect of colliding spray on spray related phenomena like atomization, vaporization, and mixing. Spray characteristics were obtained by the schlieren diagnostics and the experimental validated Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations were based on Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to understand the mechanism behind the collisions of sprays and characterize the different types of multiple spray-to-spray collision. In summary, on the strength of the study of droplet-wall impingement and droplet-to-droplet collision at non-evaporation and evaporation states, the main objective of this dissertation is to enhance the understanding of spray-wall impingement and multiple spray-to-spray collision under diesel or gasoline engine conditions from both experiments and CFD simulations, therefore providing feedbacks to the ultimate task in future development and application of a more reliable and effective fuel injection system.
Author: Robert Paul Borthwick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Author: Mark Casarella
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobiles
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Author: Sebastian Henkel
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Daniela Siano
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9533071168
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Book Description
Fuel Injection is a key process characterizing the combustion development within Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) and in many other industrial applications. State of the art in the research and development of modern fuel injection systems are presented in this book. It consists of 12 chapters focused on both numerical and experimental techniques, allowing its proper design and optimization.
