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Author: Shahidur R. Khandker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
This paper, using labor market survey data from Bombay, attempts to identify factors that determine men's and women's earnings, occupational choices, and mobility in segmented labor markets of India. The paper develops a model that considers three categories of labor - protected wage, unprotected wage, and self-employment - representing three different forms of labor market segmentation according to the type of labor contract and job vulnerability. The results indicate the presence of labor market segmentation; however, human capital variables such as education and training have important influence on both sectoral job allocation and worker's income and occupational mobility. Thus, policies directed to raise the productive capacity and employment levels of the poor may help alleviate poverty. The labor market outcomes, however, vary by gender. Women are less paid, less mobile, and are more prevalent in the unprotected wage sector than men. Men have higher education and so can more easily move to the protected wage employment than women. Men have better access to credit than women; thus, self-employed women are more constrained by lack of capital than self-employed men in raising their productivity.
Author: Shahidur R. Khandker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
This paper, using labor market survey data from Bombay, attempts to identify factors that determine men's and women's earnings, occupational choices, and mobility in segmented labor markets of India. The paper develops a model that considers three categories of labor - protected wage, unprotected wage, and self-employment - representing three different forms of labor market segmentation according to the type of labor contract and job vulnerability. The results indicate the presence of labor market segmentation; however, human capital variables such as education and training have important influence on both sectoral job allocation and worker's income and occupational mobility. Thus, policies directed to raise the productive capacity and employment levels of the poor may help alleviate poverty. The labor market outcomes, however, vary by gender. Women are less paid, less mobile, and are more prevalent in the unprotected wage sector than men. Men have higher education and so can more easily move to the protected wage employment than women. Men have better access to credit than women; thus, self-employed women are more constrained by lack of capital than self-employed men in raising their productivity.
Author: Peter Glick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
Author: Dag Hammarskjöld Library
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : International cooperation
Languages : en
Pages : 764
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Book Description
Author: Samuel C Y Ku
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9813141689
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
There has been an undisputed increase in the importance of migration over the past decades. It is one of the effects of an increasingly globalized world, where capitalism and free trade are gaining prominence. Migration in East and Southeast Asia aims to bring migration-related problems in Asia to the forefront. The first part of the book deals with migration in Greater China, a region influenced by Confucianism. The 'three Chinas' used to have a close connection in the past, and presently share much similarity. The Hong Kongese and Taiwanese societies are based on migration from Mainland China. However, each society has endured significant social, economic, and political changes. The second part of the book offers a closer look at migration flows in Southeast Asia. Most of the intra-ASEAN migration involves low-skilled labor for construction, agriculture, and domestic work. This book hopes to offer valuable insights into various topics related to migration in the region.
Author: David Fretwell
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821325872
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
Employment services promote the efficient allocation of labor by, among other things, promoting labor mobility and improving productivity. This paper assesses the cost- effectiveness of services designed to expedite the exchange of labor between job-seekers and employers. The authors find that the benefits of employment services are not uniform. Benefits may be reduced in small countries with a large informal sector, or when the economy is stagnant and the demand for labor is depressed (even though the need for the services may be greater under such conditions). The authors advocate a balance between public and private sector delivery of employment services. They favor opening the private market for what they term support services, which increase productivity and include income support and retraining. Such support services are distinct from what the authors call core services, provision of which they believe is properly left to the public sector. Core services to assist job-seekers include job-placement services, relocation assistance, counseling, and skills assessment. The authors find that core services are cost-effective and that public sector providers can ensure that such services are delivered to unemployed, low-skilled, or semiskilled workers whose needs may not be met by the private sector. The paper reviews the justification for and development of employment services over time and compares various approaches to the provision of such services. It reviews the various types of employment services and examines the differences between public and private sector delivery.
Author: Nissan Liviatan
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821325216
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Eighteen well-known policymakers and economists discuss the rising use of currency substitution in Latin America. They examine the effects of currency boards on substitute currencies and on national stabilization programs. Latin American countries including Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, and Uruguay increasingly use dollars as a substitute for domestic currency. The experts debate whether the region should encourage or resist this trend. Topics include the effects of substitution on inflation, liquidity, and exchange rates. The discussions on Argentina, Peru, and Brazil focus on the ways in which currency boards have affected stabilization in these countries. They consider whether such boards can strengthen fiscal discipline and speed economic adjustment. A currency board issues money that is converted into a foreign reserve currency at a fixed exchange rate. This independent institution takes over the central bank's role as the sole issuer of base money. It also manages the exchange rate to keep the currency stable and convertible.
Author: John Homer
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821323298
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
Describes how to run a sound and efficient bank in a liberalized financial environment. Also available: Banking Institutions in Developing Markets. Volume 2: Interpreting Financial Statements Chris J. Barltrop and Diana McNaughton 152 pages / (ISBN 0-8213-2218-4) / Stock No. 12218 / $20.00 / Price code S2
Author: Michael M. Cernea
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821321362
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
"Examines how a capacity for mobilizing community participation can be built into a project's design and staffing. This paper answers that question by analyzing, step-by-step, one case rich in experience: the decentralization project in Mexico and its predecessor, the PIDER (Programa Integral para el Desarrollo Rural) program. The time span of this series of projects stretches from the early 1970s to the early 1990s"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.
Author: Joyce Jacobsen
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1405142308
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 586
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Book Description
This innovative text grounds the economic analysis of labor markets and employment relationships in a unified theoretical treatment of labor exchange conditions. In addition to providing thorough coverage of standard topics including labor supply and demand, human capital theory, and compensating wage differentials, the text draws on game theory and the economics of information to study the implications of key departures from perfectly competitive labor market conditions. Analytical results are consistently applied to contemporary policy issues and empirical debates. Provides a coherent theoretical framework for the analysis of labor market phenomena Features graphical in-chapter analysis supplemented by technical material in appendices Incorporates numerous end-of-chapter questions that engage the analysis and anticipate subsequent results Includes innovative chapters on employee compensation methods, market segmentation, income inequality and labor market dynamics Balances theoretical, empirical and policy analysis
Author: Martha Gutierrez
Publisher: Zed Books
ISBN: 9781842770610
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
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