Author: Vicki Vinton
Publisher: Heinemann Educational Books
ISBN: 9780325077925
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
How do we prepare students for a world that's changing so rapidly that a majority of those sitting in classrooms today will go on to hold jobs that don't yet exist, using technologies that haven't yet been invented to solve problems we don't even know are problems yet? For Vicki Vinton, the answer is to help build students' capacities as critical and creative thinkers by shifting to a problem-based approach for teaching reading. Problem-based teaching has taken hold in STEM classes across the country, but it's not common in reading, where we tend to think of problems as existing only at the word level. Dynamic Teaching for Deeper Reading, however, will help you become more aware of the problems texts pose for readers at the literal, inferential, and thematic levels, and then show you how to create opportunities for students to read closely and think deeply as they wrestle with those problems. Additionally, you'll learn how to: - Develop a repertoire of dynamic teaching moves that will help you probe student thinking and provide responsive feedback when students most need it. - Shift your focus from the teaching of complex texts to complex thinking. - Help students develop lines of inquiry as readers. Chock-full of classroom examples and the voices of students figuring things out, Dynamic Teaching for Deeper Reading connects the practices in the book to all sorts of current thinking and trends-from growth mindsets to the Common Core State Standards and from productive struggle to educational neuroscience. That breadth and depth ensures that Vicki's book is one that educators will be talking about-and you don't want to miss.
Dynamic Teaching for Deeper Reading
Author: Vicki Vinton
Publisher: Heinemann Educational Books
ISBN: 9780325077925
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
How do we prepare students for a world that's changing so rapidly that a majority of those sitting in classrooms today will go on to hold jobs that don't yet exist, using technologies that haven't yet been invented to solve problems we don't even know are problems yet? For Vicki Vinton, the answer is to help build students' capacities as critical and creative thinkers by shifting to a problem-based approach for teaching reading. Problem-based teaching has taken hold in STEM classes across the country, but it's not common in reading, where we tend to think of problems as existing only at the word level. Dynamic Teaching for Deeper Reading, however, will help you become more aware of the problems texts pose for readers at the literal, inferential, and thematic levels, and then show you how to create opportunities for students to read closely and think deeply as they wrestle with those problems. Additionally, you'll learn how to: - Develop a repertoire of dynamic teaching moves that will help you probe student thinking and provide responsive feedback when students most need it. - Shift your focus from the teaching of complex texts to complex thinking. - Help students develop lines of inquiry as readers. Chock-full of classroom examples and the voices of students figuring things out, Dynamic Teaching for Deeper Reading connects the practices in the book to all sorts of current thinking and trends-from growth mindsets to the Common Core State Standards and from productive struggle to educational neuroscience. That breadth and depth ensures that Vicki's book is one that educators will be talking about-and you don't want to miss.
Publisher: Heinemann Educational Books
ISBN: 9780325077925
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
How do we prepare students for a world that's changing so rapidly that a majority of those sitting in classrooms today will go on to hold jobs that don't yet exist, using technologies that haven't yet been invented to solve problems we don't even know are problems yet? For Vicki Vinton, the answer is to help build students' capacities as critical and creative thinkers by shifting to a problem-based approach for teaching reading. Problem-based teaching has taken hold in STEM classes across the country, but it's not common in reading, where we tend to think of problems as existing only at the word level. Dynamic Teaching for Deeper Reading, however, will help you become more aware of the problems texts pose for readers at the literal, inferential, and thematic levels, and then show you how to create opportunities for students to read closely and think deeply as they wrestle with those problems. Additionally, you'll learn how to: - Develop a repertoire of dynamic teaching moves that will help you probe student thinking and provide responsive feedback when students most need it. - Shift your focus from the teaching of complex texts to complex thinking. - Help students develop lines of inquiry as readers. Chock-full of classroom examples and the voices of students figuring things out, Dynamic Teaching for Deeper Reading connects the practices in the book to all sorts of current thinking and trends-from growth mindsets to the Common Core State Standards and from productive struggle to educational neuroscience. That breadth and depth ensures that Vicki's book is one that educators will be talking about-and you don't want to miss.
What Readers Really Do
Author: Dorothy J. Barnhouse
Publisher: Heinemann Educational Books
ISBN: 9780325030739
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
In What Readers Really Do, you'll peer into the minds and hearts of readers to notice the often invisible thinking work that goes into making meaning of texts-from comprehending where a scene is taking place to constructing thematic interpretations. And you'll look into the authors' own teaching minds and hearts as they unpack the moves and decisions they make to design and implement instruction that allows every student to make significant and personally relevant meaning of texts.
Publisher: Heinemann Educational Books
ISBN: 9780325030739
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
In What Readers Really Do, you'll peer into the minds and hearts of readers to notice the often invisible thinking work that goes into making meaning of texts-from comprehending where a scene is taking place to constructing thematic interpretations. And you'll look into the authors' own teaching minds and hearts as they unpack the moves and decisions they make to design and implement instruction that allows every student to make significant and personally relevant meaning of texts.
Teaching Readers (Not Reading)
Author: Peter Afflerbach
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462548644
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 202
Book Description
Reading instruction is too often grounded in a narrowly defined "science of reading" that focuses exclusively on cognitive skills and strategies. Yet cognition is just one aspect of reading development. This book guides K–8 educators to understand and address other scientifically supported factors that influence each student's literacy learning, including metacognition, motivation and engagement, social–emotional learning, self-efficacy, and more. Peter Afflerbach uses classroom vignettes to illustrate the broad-based nature of student readers’ growth, and provides concrete suggestions for instruction and assessment. The book's utility is enhanced by end-of-chapter review questions and activities and a reproducible tool, the Healthy Readers Profile, which can be downloaded and printed in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size.
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462548644
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 202
Book Description
Reading instruction is too often grounded in a narrowly defined "science of reading" that focuses exclusively on cognitive skills and strategies. Yet cognition is just one aspect of reading development. This book guides K–8 educators to understand and address other scientifically supported factors that influence each student's literacy learning, including metacognition, motivation and engagement, social–emotional learning, self-efficacy, and more. Peter Afflerbach uses classroom vignettes to illustrate the broad-based nature of student readers’ growth, and provides concrete suggestions for instruction and assessment. The book's utility is enhanced by end-of-chapter review questions and activities and a reproducible tool, the Healthy Readers Profile, which can be downloaded and printed in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size.
Answers to Your Biggest Questions About Creating a Dynamic Classroom
Author: Serena Pariser
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1071880691
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 238
Book Description
"Serena Pariser and Victoria Lentfer provide answers to common questions that linger in the brain of a newer teacher. As a newer teacher myself, I wish a book like this existed when I started out. This book is engaging, informative, and so much more. Each section includes helpful tips and is easily organized and accessible. This book is truly an amazing guide for newer teachers, and I highly recommend it as it will form the perfect basis for that exciting and powerful start of a new journey. Teaching can be many things, but this book is truly a game changer for anyone starting out." —Susan Jachymiak Teacher, Leader, and Author Create a positive and energetic classroom where learning can flourish. This insightful, friendly guide to establishing a dynamic classroom is a lifeline of practical support for teachers, providing answers to your biggest questions at the moment you most need them. Through instructional tools, teaching tips, classroom examples, reading suggestions, and more, Answers to Your Biggest Questions about Creating a Dynamic Classroom equips teachers to embark on the path of success toward building a positive and energetic learning environment. It details brief, actionable answers to your most pressing questions in five areas of effort: How do I build an affirming classroom community? How do I keep students at the center? How can I design effective, fun, and engaging learning for students? How can I make assessments work for me and my students? What are the things I need to know that are rarely discussed in a teacher training program? This is a resource to keep handy on your desk and reach for often for establishing a vibrant and welcoming classroom community. Practical guidance on topics such as communicating with parents, asking for administrator support, and maintaining a work/life balance, help teachers not only succeed in the early years of teaching, but thrive.
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1071880691
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 238
Book Description
"Serena Pariser and Victoria Lentfer provide answers to common questions that linger in the brain of a newer teacher. As a newer teacher myself, I wish a book like this existed when I started out. This book is engaging, informative, and so much more. Each section includes helpful tips and is easily organized and accessible. This book is truly an amazing guide for newer teachers, and I highly recommend it as it will form the perfect basis for that exciting and powerful start of a new journey. Teaching can be many things, but this book is truly a game changer for anyone starting out." —Susan Jachymiak Teacher, Leader, and Author Create a positive and energetic classroom where learning can flourish. This insightful, friendly guide to establishing a dynamic classroom is a lifeline of practical support for teachers, providing answers to your biggest questions at the moment you most need them. Through instructional tools, teaching tips, classroom examples, reading suggestions, and more, Answers to Your Biggest Questions about Creating a Dynamic Classroom equips teachers to embark on the path of success toward building a positive and energetic learning environment. It details brief, actionable answers to your most pressing questions in five areas of effort: How do I build an affirming classroom community? How do I keep students at the center? How can I design effective, fun, and engaging learning for students? How can I make assessments work for me and my students? What are the things I need to know that are rarely discussed in a teacher training program? This is a resource to keep handy on your desk and reach for often for establishing a vibrant and welcoming classroom community. Practical guidance on topics such as communicating with parents, asking for administrator support, and maintaining a work/life balance, help teachers not only succeed in the early years of teaching, but thrive.
Deep Reading
Author: Patrick Sullivan
Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English (Ncte)
ISBN: 9780814110638
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
2019 Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC) Outstanding Book Award in the Edited Collection category Arguing that college-level reading must be theorized as foundationally linked to any understanding of college-level writing, editors Patrick Sullivan, Howard Tinberg, and Sheridan Blau continue the conversation begun in What Is "College-Level" Writing? (2006) and What Is "College-Level" Writing? Volume 2: Assignments, Readings, and Student Writing Samples (2010). Measurements of reading abilities show a decline nationwide among most cohorts of students, so the need for writing teachers to thoughtfully address the subject of reading, especially in grades 6-14, has become increasingly urgent. Curriculum and state standards often reflect an impoverished and reductive understanding of reading that views readers as passive recipients of information, fueling the widespread use of standardized tests to measure proficiency in English literacy, and ignoring decades of reading scholarship that positions readers in more complex relationships with the texts they read. Contributors to this collection--high school teachers, college students who discuss the challenges they faced as readers and writers, and composition scholars--offer an antidote to this situation. These authors: Define the challenges to integrating reading into the writing classroom Develop a theory of reading as a specific type of inquiry and meaning-making activity And offer practical approaches to teaching deep reading in writing courses that can be put immediately to use in the classroom The volume concludes with letters written directly to students about the importance of reading, not only in the classroom but also as a richly complex social, cognitive, and affective human activity.
Publisher: National Council of Teachers of English (Ncte)
ISBN: 9780814110638
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
2019 Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC) Outstanding Book Award in the Edited Collection category Arguing that college-level reading must be theorized as foundationally linked to any understanding of college-level writing, editors Patrick Sullivan, Howard Tinberg, and Sheridan Blau continue the conversation begun in What Is "College-Level" Writing? (2006) and What Is "College-Level" Writing? Volume 2: Assignments, Readings, and Student Writing Samples (2010). Measurements of reading abilities show a decline nationwide among most cohorts of students, so the need for writing teachers to thoughtfully address the subject of reading, especially in grades 6-14, has become increasingly urgent. Curriculum and state standards often reflect an impoverished and reductive understanding of reading that views readers as passive recipients of information, fueling the widespread use of standardized tests to measure proficiency in English literacy, and ignoring decades of reading scholarship that positions readers in more complex relationships with the texts they read. Contributors to this collection--high school teachers, college students who discuss the challenges they faced as readers and writers, and composition scholars--offer an antidote to this situation. These authors: Define the challenges to integrating reading into the writing classroom Develop a theory of reading as a specific type of inquiry and meaning-making activity And offer practical approaches to teaching deep reading in writing courses that can be put immediately to use in the classroom The volume concludes with letters written directly to students about the importance of reading, not only in the classroom but also as a richly complex social, cognitive, and affective human activity.
In Search of Deeper Learning
Author: Jal Mehta
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674988396
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 465
Book Description
"The best book on high school dynamics I have ever read."--Jay Mathews, Washington Post An award-winning professor and an accomplished educator take us beyond the hype of reform and inside some of America's most innovative classrooms to show what is working--and what isn't--in our schools. What would it take to transform industrial-era schools into modern organizations capable of supporting deep learning for all? Jal Mehta and Sarah Fine's quest to answer this question took them inside some of America's most innovative schools and classrooms--places where educators are rethinking both what and how students should learn. The story they tell is alternately discouraging and hopeful. Drawing on hundreds of hours of observations and interviews at thirty different schools, Mehta and Fine reveal that deeper learning is more often the exception than the rule. And yet they find pockets of powerful learning at almost every school, often in electives and extracurriculars as well as in a few mold-breaking academic courses. These spaces achieve depth, the authors argue, because they emphasize purpose and choice, cultivate community, and draw on powerful traditions of apprenticeship. These outliers suggest that it is difficult but possible for schools and classrooms to achieve the integrations that support deep learning: rigor with joy, precision with play, mastery with identity and creativity. This boldly humanistic book offers a rich account of what education can be. The first panoramic study of American public high schools since the 1980s, In Search of Deeper Learning lays out a new vision for American education--one that will set the agenda for schools of the future.
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674988396
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 465
Book Description
"The best book on high school dynamics I have ever read."--Jay Mathews, Washington Post An award-winning professor and an accomplished educator take us beyond the hype of reform and inside some of America's most innovative classrooms to show what is working--and what isn't--in our schools. What would it take to transform industrial-era schools into modern organizations capable of supporting deep learning for all? Jal Mehta and Sarah Fine's quest to answer this question took them inside some of America's most innovative schools and classrooms--places where educators are rethinking both what and how students should learn. The story they tell is alternately discouraging and hopeful. Drawing on hundreds of hours of observations and interviews at thirty different schools, Mehta and Fine reveal that deeper learning is more often the exception than the rule. And yet they find pockets of powerful learning at almost every school, often in electives and extracurriculars as well as in a few mold-breaking academic courses. These spaces achieve depth, the authors argue, because they emphasize purpose and choice, cultivate community, and draw on powerful traditions of apprenticeship. These outliers suggest that it is difficult but possible for schools and classrooms to achieve the integrations that support deep learning: rigor with joy, precision with play, mastery with identity and creativity. This boldly humanistic book offers a rich account of what education can be. The first panoramic study of American public high schools since the 1980s, In Search of Deeper Learning lays out a new vision for American education--one that will set the agenda for schools of the future.
Rigorous Reading
Author: Nancy Frey
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1452277540
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
What it really means to “read closely” Call it close reading, call it deep reading, call it analytic reading—call it what you like. The point is, it’s a level of understanding that students of any age can achieve with the right kind of instruction. In Rigorous Reading, Nancy Frey and Doug Fisher articulate an instructional plan so clearly, and so squarely built on research, that teachers, schools, and districts need look no further: Purpose & Modeling Close & Scaffolded Reading Instruction Collaborative Conversations An Independent Reading Staircase Performance
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 1452277540
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 257
Book Description
What it really means to “read closely” Call it close reading, call it deep reading, call it analytic reading—call it what you like. The point is, it’s a level of understanding that students of any age can achieve with the right kind of instruction. In Rigorous Reading, Nancy Frey and Doug Fisher articulate an instructional plan so clearly, and so squarely built on research, that teachers, schools, and districts need look no further: Purpose & Modeling Close & Scaffolded Reading Instruction Collaborative Conversations An Independent Reading Staircase Performance
This Is Balanced Literacy, Grades K-6
Author: Douglas Fisher
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 154438680X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
This is Balanced Literacy: Grades K-6 Students learn to read and write best when their teachers balance literacy instruction. But how do you strike the right balance of skills and knowledge, reading and writing, small and whole group instruction, and direct and dialogic instruction, so that all students can learn to their maximum potential? The answer lies in the intentional design of learning activities, purposeful selection of instructional materials, evidence-based teaching methods, and in strategic groupings of students based on assessment data. Together, these create the perfect balance of high impact learning experiences that engage and excite learners. In this hands-on essential guide, best-selling authors Douglas Fisher, Nancy Frey, and Nancy Akhavan help you define that balance for your students, lighting the path to implementing balanced literacy in your classroom. Their plan empowers you to integrate evidence-based approaches that include: • Instructional materials comprised of both informational and narrative texts. • The best uses of instructional delivery modes, including direct and dialogic instruction. • Grouping patterns that work best to accomplish learning aims for different learners at different stages. • Instruction in foundational skills and meaning making, including oral language, phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension, and writing. • Technology used as a tool for increasing learning of a specific literary process. All the tips and tools you need to realize the goal of balanced literacy learning are included, with classroom videos that show strategies in action. Tap your intuition, collaborate with your peers, and put the research-based strategies embedded in this roadmap to work in your classroom to implement or deepen a strong, successful balanced literacy program. Grow as a reading and writing teacher while leading your students to grow as readers and writers.
Publisher: Corwin Press
ISBN: 154438680X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
This is Balanced Literacy: Grades K-6 Students learn to read and write best when their teachers balance literacy instruction. But how do you strike the right balance of skills and knowledge, reading and writing, small and whole group instruction, and direct and dialogic instruction, so that all students can learn to their maximum potential? The answer lies in the intentional design of learning activities, purposeful selection of instructional materials, evidence-based teaching methods, and in strategic groupings of students based on assessment data. Together, these create the perfect balance of high impact learning experiences that engage and excite learners. In this hands-on essential guide, best-selling authors Douglas Fisher, Nancy Frey, and Nancy Akhavan help you define that balance for your students, lighting the path to implementing balanced literacy in your classroom. Their plan empowers you to integrate evidence-based approaches that include: • Instructional materials comprised of both informational and narrative texts. • The best uses of instructional delivery modes, including direct and dialogic instruction. • Grouping patterns that work best to accomplish learning aims for different learners at different stages. • Instruction in foundational skills and meaning making, including oral language, phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension, and writing. • Technology used as a tool for increasing learning of a specific literary process. All the tips and tools you need to realize the goal of balanced literacy learning are included, with classroom videos that show strategies in action. Tap your intuition, collaborate with your peers, and put the research-based strategies embedded in this roadmap to work in your classroom to implement or deepen a strong, successful balanced literacy program. Grow as a reading and writing teacher while leading your students to grow as readers and writers.
Blended Learning with Google
Author: Kasey Bell
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781735601823
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 168
Book Description
Say goodbye to boring lectures and tired, one-and-done activities! In Blended Learning with Google, bestselling author and experienced educator Kasey Bell shows you how to use Google tools to design and support dynamic blended learning experiences whether you're teaching in-person, online classes, or both! With so much of life and learning happening online, we have to think differently about lessons and assignments. We can't rely on worksheets or one-and-done activities. They don't cut it anymore! To better serve our students, we must go beyond traditional methods-and beyond the walls of our classrooms. We need Dynamic Learning, and Google's powerful and easy-to-use suite of tools can help! Kasey Bell is your personal Google guide, but don't let the southern charm fool you. She packs this book with practical ideas and meaningful strategies that you can implement right away. Here is a peek at what you'll find in Blended Learning with Google A practical framework for meaningful Blended Learning Digital learning strategies for every classroom Google templates, lesson plans, pro tips, remote learning tips, and more! This book is not about Google; it's about how to use Google tools to support Dynamic Learning for your students every day! Shake Up Learning with Google tools to design Dynamic Blended Learning experiences in your classroom!
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781735601823
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 168
Book Description
Say goodbye to boring lectures and tired, one-and-done activities! In Blended Learning with Google, bestselling author and experienced educator Kasey Bell shows you how to use Google tools to design and support dynamic blended learning experiences whether you're teaching in-person, online classes, or both! With so much of life and learning happening online, we have to think differently about lessons and assignments. We can't rely on worksheets or one-and-done activities. They don't cut it anymore! To better serve our students, we must go beyond traditional methods-and beyond the walls of our classrooms. We need Dynamic Learning, and Google's powerful and easy-to-use suite of tools can help! Kasey Bell is your personal Google guide, but don't let the southern charm fool you. She packs this book with practical ideas and meaningful strategies that you can implement right away. Here is a peek at what you'll find in Blended Learning with Google A practical framework for meaningful Blended Learning Digital learning strategies for every classroom Google templates, lesson plans, pro tips, remote learning tips, and more! This book is not about Google; it's about how to use Google tools to support Dynamic Learning for your students every day! Shake Up Learning with Google tools to design Dynamic Blended Learning experiences in your classroom!
Teach Like a Champion 2.0
Author: Doug Lemov
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118901851
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
One of the most influential teaching guides ever—updated! Teach Like a Champion 2.0 is a complete update to the international bestseller. This teaching guide is a must-have for new and experienced teachers alike. Over 1.3 million teachers around the world already know how the techniques in this book turn educators into classroom champions. With ideas for everything from boosting academic rigor, to improving classroom management, and inspiring student engagement, you will be able to strengthen your teaching practice right away. The first edition of Teach Like a Champion influenced thousands of educators because author Doug Lemov's teaching strategies are simple and powerful. Now, updated techniques and tools make it even easier to put students on the path to college readiness. Here are just a few of the brand new resources available in the 2.0 edition: Over 70 new video clips of real teachers modeling the techniques in the classroom (note: for online access of this content, please visit my.teachlikeachampion.com) A selection of never before seen techniques inspired by top teachers around the world Brand new structure emphasizing the most important techniques and step by step teaching guidelines Updated content reflecting the latest best practices from outstanding educators Organized by category and technique, the book’s structure enables you to read start to finish, or dip in anywhere for the specific challenge you’re seeking to address. With examples from outstanding teachers, videos, and additional, continuously updated resources at teachlikeachampion.com, you will soon be teaching like a champion. The classroom techniques you'll learn in this book can be adapted to suit any context. Find out why Teach Like a Champion is a "teaching Bible" for so many educators worldwide.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118901851
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Book Description
One of the most influential teaching guides ever—updated! Teach Like a Champion 2.0 is a complete update to the international bestseller. This teaching guide is a must-have for new and experienced teachers alike. Over 1.3 million teachers around the world already know how the techniques in this book turn educators into classroom champions. With ideas for everything from boosting academic rigor, to improving classroom management, and inspiring student engagement, you will be able to strengthen your teaching practice right away. The first edition of Teach Like a Champion influenced thousands of educators because author Doug Lemov's teaching strategies are simple and powerful. Now, updated techniques and tools make it even easier to put students on the path to college readiness. Here are just a few of the brand new resources available in the 2.0 edition: Over 70 new video clips of real teachers modeling the techniques in the classroom (note: for online access of this content, please visit my.teachlikeachampion.com) A selection of never before seen techniques inspired by top teachers around the world Brand new structure emphasizing the most important techniques and step by step teaching guidelines Updated content reflecting the latest best practices from outstanding educators Organized by category and technique, the book’s structure enables you to read start to finish, or dip in anywhere for the specific challenge you’re seeking to address. With examples from outstanding teachers, videos, and additional, continuously updated resources at teachlikeachampion.com, you will soon be teaching like a champion. The classroom techniques you'll learn in this book can be adapted to suit any context. Find out why Teach Like a Champion is a "teaching Bible" for so many educators worldwide.