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Author: Ludwig von Auer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642588808
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
For most economic aspects of human behaviour, static deci sion models provide an insufficient description. More specifically, they ignore the fact that preferences may change over time and that at each point of time current preferences depend on aspects which are associated with the past or the future. The neglect of these phenomena may lead to results which have little in com mon with real life. Dynamic decision models were developed in order to cope with these complications. Spurred by the availability of new mathematical tools such as optimal control theory and dynamic programming, dynamic utility models mushroomed over the last two decades. Various frameworks were developed featuring dif ferent restrictions on the way agents form preferences in an in tertemporal environment. Unfortunately, no systematic reappraisal of this literature ex ists. The survey provided in part I of this thesis attempts to fill in this gap. It introduces a comprehensive classification sys tem which allows for a coherent organization of all studies of intertemporal choice under certainty and complete information. 2 1. Introduction The latter implies that the individual knows in advance all fu ture preferences and choice possibilities. In this survey we show that all dynamic utility models can be viewed as special cases of the class of universal utility mod els. It is therefore desirable to investigate intertemporal decision making in terms of this least restrictive framework. Accordingly, all findings of part II of this thesis are derived for the class of universal utility models.
Author: Ludwig von Auer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642588808
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 228
Get Book Here
Book Description
For most economic aspects of human behaviour, static deci sion models provide an insufficient description. More specifically, they ignore the fact that preferences may change over time and that at each point of time current preferences depend on aspects which are associated with the past or the future. The neglect of these phenomena may lead to results which have little in com mon with real life. Dynamic decision models were developed in order to cope with these complications. Spurred by the availability of new mathematical tools such as optimal control theory and dynamic programming, dynamic utility models mushroomed over the last two decades. Various frameworks were developed featuring dif ferent restrictions on the way agents form preferences in an in tertemporal environment. Unfortunately, no systematic reappraisal of this literature ex ists. The survey provided in part I of this thesis attempts to fill in this gap. It introduces a comprehensive classification sys tem which allows for a coherent organization of all studies of intertemporal choice under certainty and complete information. 2 1. Introduction The latter implies that the individual knows in advance all fu ture preferences and choice possibilities. In this survey we show that all dynamic utility models can be viewed as special cases of the class of universal utility mod els. It is therefore desirable to investigate intertemporal decision making in terms of this least restrictive framework. Accordingly, all findings of part II of this thesis are derived for the class of universal utility models.
Author: Ludwig von Auer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642588794
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 227
Get Book Here
Book Description
For most economic aspects of human behaviour, static deci sion models provide an insufficient description. More specifically, they ignore the fact that preferences may change over time and that at each point of time current preferences depend on aspects which are associated with the past or the future. The neglect of these phenomena may lead to results which have little in com mon with real life. Dynamic decision models were developed in order to cope with these complications. Spurred by the availability of new mathematical tools such as optimal control theory and dynamic programming, dynamic utility models mushroomed over the last two decades. Various frameworks were developed featuring dif ferent restrictions on the way agents form preferences in an in tertemporal environment. Unfortunately, no systematic reappraisal of this literature ex ists. The survey provided in part I of this thesis attempts to fill in this gap. It introduces a comprehensive classification sys tem which allows for a coherent organization of all studies of intertemporal choice under certainty and complete information. 2 1. Introduction The latter implies that the individual knows in advance all fu ture preferences and choice possibilities. In this survey we show that all dynamic utility models can be viewed as special cases of the class of universal utility mod els. It is therefore desirable to investigate intertemporal decision making in terms of this least restrictive framework. Accordingly, all findings of part II of this thesis are derived for the class of universal utility models.
Author: Björn Schmolck
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642583245
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 149
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Book Description
This book deals with the omitted variable test for a multivariate time-series regression model. The empirical motivation is the homogeneity test for a consumer demand system. The consequences of using a dynamically misspecified omitted variable test are shown in detail. The analysis starts with the univariate t-test and is then extended to the multivariate regression system. The small sample performance of the dynamically correctly specified omitted variable test is analysed by simulation. Two classes of tests are considered: versions of the likelihood ratio test and the robust Wald test which is based on a heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent variance-covariance estimator (HAC).
Author: Till Grüne-Yanoff
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048125936
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
Changing preferencesis a phenomenonoften invoked but rarely properlyaccounted for. Throughout the history of the social sciences, researchers have come against the possibility that their subjects’ preferenceswere affected by the phenomenato be explainedor by otherfactorsnot taken into accountin the explanation.Sporadically, attempts have been made to systematically investigate these in uences, but none of these seems to have had a lasting impact. Today we are still not much further with respect to preference change than we were at the middle of the last century. This anthology hopes to provide a new impulse for research into this important subject. In particular, we have chosen two routes to amplify this impulse. First, we stress the use of modellingtechniquesfamiliar from economicsand decision theory. Instead of constructing complex, all-encompassing theories of preference change, the authors of this volume start with very simple, formal accounts of some possible and hopefully plausible mechanism of preference change. Eventually, these models may nd their way into larger, empirically adequate theories, but at this stage, we think that the most importantwork lies in building structure.Secondly,we stress the importance of interdisciplinary exchange. Only by drawing together experts from different elds can the complex empirical and theoretical issues in the modelling of preference change be adequately investigated.
Author: Jianwei Zhu
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662043092
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 181
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Book Description
From a technical point of view, the celebrated Black and Scholes option pricing formula was originally developed using a separation of variables technique. However, already Merton mentioned in his seminal 1973 pa per, that it could have been developed by using Fourier transforms as well. Indeed, as is well known nowadays, Fourier transforms are a rather convenient solution technique for many models involving the fundamental partial differential equation of financial economics. It took the community nearly another twenty years to recognize that Fourier transform is even more useful, if one applies it to problems in financial economics without seeking an explicit analytical inverse trans form. Heston (1993) probably was the first to demonstrate how to solve a stochastic volatility option pricing model quasi analytically using the characteristic function of the problem, which is nothing else than the Fourier transform of the underlying Arrow /Debreu-prices, and doing the inverse transformation numerically. This opened the door for a whole bunch of new closed form solutions in the transformed Fourier space and still is one of the most active research areas in financial economics.
Author: Joachim Inkmann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783540412076
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation of nonlinear systems has two important advantages over conventional maximum likelihood (ML) estimation: GMM estimation usually requires less restrictive distributional assumptions and remains computationally attractive when ML estimation becomes burdensome or even impossible. This book presents an in-depth treatment of the conditional moment approach to GMM estimation of models frequently encountered in applied microeconometrics. It covers both large sample and small sample properties of conditional moment estimators and provides an application to empirical industrial organization. With its comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the subject which includes topics like bootstrapping and empirical likelihood techniques, the book addresses scientists, graduate students and professionals in applied econometrics.
Author: Wei-Bin Zhang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642560601
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Over more than two centuries the developmentofeconomic theory has created a wide array of different concepts, theories, and insights. My recent books, Capital and Knowledge (Zhang, 1999) and A TheoryofInternational Trade (Zhang, 2000) show how separate economic theories such as the Marxian economics, the Keynesian economics, the general equilibrium theory, the neoclassical growth theory, and the neoclassical trade theory can be examined within a single theoretical framework. This book isto further expand the frameworkproposed in the previous studies. This book is a part of my economic theory with endogenous population, capital, knowledge, preferences, sexual division of labor and consumption, institutions, economic structures and exchange values over time and space (Zhang, 1996a). As an extension of the Capital and Knowledge, which is focused on the dynamics of national economies, this book is to construct a theory of urban economies. We are concerned with dynamic relations between division of labor, division ofconsumption and determination of prices structure over space. We examine dynamic interdependence between capital accumulation, knowledge creation and utilization, economicgrowth, price structuresand urban pattern formation under free competition. The theory is constructed on the basisofa few concepts within a compact framework. The comparative advantage of our theory is that in providing rich insights into complex of spatial economies it uses only a few concepts and simplified functional forms and accepts a few assumptions about behavior of consumers, producers, and institutionalstructures.
Author: Werner Krabs
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642189733
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
Focuses on the analysis, optimization and controllability of time-discrete dynamical systems and games under the aspect of stability, controllability and (for games) cooperative and non-cooperative treatment. The investigation of stability is based on Lyapunov's method which is generalized to non-autonomous systems. Optimization and controllability of dynamical systems is treated, among others, with the aid of mapping theorems such as implicit function theorem and inverse mapping theorem. Dynamical games are treated as cooperative and non-cooperative games and are used in order to deal with the problem of carbon dioxide reduction under economic aspects. The theoretical results are demonstrated by various applications.
Author: Murat Köksalan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642566804
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
This volume contains a collection of papers presented at the 15th International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making held in Ankara, Turkey July 10 14, 2000. This was one of the regular conferences of the International Society on Multiple Criteria Decision Making, which are held at approximately two-year intervals. The Ankara conference had 195 participants from 38 countries. A total of 185 papers were presented at the conference. The title of our volume is MCDM in the New Millennium. The papers presented at the conference reflect the theme. We had several papers on information technology (IT) and many application papers. Of the 81 application papers presented, 14 appear in the volume. We expect more IT applications of MCDM to appear in the future, in particular in the areas of e-commerce and the internet. The conference surroundings and accomodations were excellent, and conducive to both an outstanding academic exchange, and enjoyment and a cultural broadening of participants. We had a pleasant and enjoyable outing and visit to the Anatolian Civilizations Museum. We also had an outstanding banquet at which awards were presented. The MCDM Gold Medal was presented to Professor Thomas Saaty, of the University of Pittsburgh. The MCDM Presidential Service Award was presented to ProfessorPekka Korhonen of the Helsinki School of Economics for his years of presidential service to the society. The society presented the MCDM Edgeworth-Pareto Award to Professor Alexander V. Lotov of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Author: Klaus Neumann
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662223414
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
A project is a unique undertaking or endeavor to be accomplished that can be divided into individual subtasks or activities each of which requires time and scarce resources for its completion. Also there is a desired objective to be attained (for example, minimization of project duration or of variation of resource utilization, or maximization of net present value of the project). Moreover, there are given precedence relationships among activities prescrib ing the order in which activities must be carried out. Project scheduling, in its basic form, consists of finding start times for all activities such that pre scribed resource and precedence constraints are satisfied and an objective function is optimized. Since the concept of a project can be interpreted quite broadly, project scheduling problems arise in a great variety of practical situations. These in clude construction work, the development and introduction of new products, service systems, or software packages, strategic long-term planning in manu facturing and the service sector, emergency planning, and even the conduct ing of political campaigns. Recently, project scheduling has been successfully applied to production and operations management, e.g. make-to-order pro duction in manufacturing and batch production in process industries. Since the late 1950's, network-based planning methods for project sched uling problems have been developed, cf. Elmaghraby (1977) and Moder et al.
