Durability and Wood Protection for Historic Covered Bridges in the United States PDF Download
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Author: Vina W. Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
S2A majority of the covered wooden bridges in United States were built in the mid -1800s. These structures represent a unique cultural and technological heritage from that era. Over time, these bridges have been deteriorated by microorganisms and insects or damaged by acts of vandalism and arson. The National Historic Covered Bridge Preservation (NHCBP) Program sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides funds to support preservation and restoration efforts for historic covered bridges. The focus of the NHCBP Program is support and technology transfer efforts to preserve, restore and protect covered bridges in conjunction with providing educational resources to the general public. In this paper, an overview of NHCBP research on the durability and wood protection of covered bridges is provided. Research results assist the general public, field investigators and states in their efforts to restore, repair and preserve national historic bridges.S3.
Author: Vina W. Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 13
Get Book Here
Book Description
S2A majority of the covered wooden bridges in United States were built in the mid -1800s. These structures represent a unique cultural and technological heritage from that era. Over time, these bridges have been deteriorated by microorganisms and insects or damaged by acts of vandalism and arson. The National Historic Covered Bridge Preservation (NHCBP) Program sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides funds to support preservation and restoration efforts for historic covered bridges. The focus of the NHCBP Program is support and technology transfer efforts to preserve, restore and protect covered bridges in conjunction with providing educational resources to the general public. In this paper, an overview of NHCBP research on the durability and wood protection of covered bridges is provided. Research results assist the general public, field investigators and states in their efforts to restore, repair and preserve national historic bridges.S3.
Author: Stan LeBow
Publisher: Forest Service
ISBN: 9780160910869
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
Historic covered bridges and current timber bridges can be vulnerable to damage from biodeterioration or fire. This guide describes procedures for selecting and applying in-place treatments to prevent or arrest these forms of degradation. Vulnerable areas for biodeterioration in covered bridges include members contacting abutments, members near the ends of bridges subject to wetting from splashing and members below windows or other openings that allow entry of wind-blown precipitation. Pressure-treated timber bridge members can be vulnerable when untreated wood is exposed by field fabrication or by the development of drying checks. The objective of an in-place preservative treatment is to distribute preservative into areas of a structure that are vulnerable to moisture accumulation and/or not protected by the original pressure treatment. Types of field treatments range from finishes, to boron rods or pastes, to fumigants. A limitation of in-place treatments is that they cannot be forced deeply into the wood as is done in pressure-treatment processes. However, some can be applied into the center of large members via treatment holes. These preservatives may be available as liquids, rods or pastes. Bridge members can be treated with fire retardants to delay ignition, reduce heat release, and slow the spread of flames. In-place coating products are available to reduce surface flammability, but these coatings may need to be reapplied on a regular basis if exposed to weathering. For more integrated protection, fire retardant treatment of bridge members may be combined with other forms of protection such as lights, alarms, sprinklers and monitoring systems.
Author: Ronald W. Anthony
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9780160943966
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
These guidelines are designed for decision makers (selection, country commissioners, city planners, preservation officers, contractors, rehabilitation engineers, etc.) to understand the components that are used to make effective decisions about how and when to repair a covered bridge, such as structural integrity, engineering analyses, condition assessments, how to support the bridge during repairs, and more. There are numerous types of covered bridges and ensuring public safety during repairs is a paramount issue for future generations to enjoy. Related products: Find more Renovation & Historic Preservation resources here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/renovation-historic-preservation Bridges & Tunnels resources collection here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/bridges-tunnels Other products published by the U.S. Forest Service are available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/us-forest-service
Author: Joseph D Conwill
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1784420115
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
Covered Bridges are historic pieces of American and Canadian rural history, gracing the countryside from Oregon to Tennessee and from California to New Brunswick and across Canada. In this lavishly illustrated volume Joseph D. Conwill recounts the rich, romantic history of covered bridges as they developed from early timber bridges, born out of the traditions of Medieval times, into modernized structures designed for the motorized traffic of the early twentieth century. Reflecting on the efforts to keep covered bridges in service as the face of the rural landscape is transformed, and the challenge of preserving their historic character while making them safe for modern traffic, Conwill guides the reader across the diverse range of covered bridges to be found throughout the North America.
Author: Warren H. White
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 0786491604
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 919
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Book Description
Covered bridges are gaining public attention as states and counties make investments in their repair and preservation, offer tours of them, and build new ones. This work documents all extant covered bridges in the southeastern United States: Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, and West Virginia. (Mississippi has none.) The book is arranged by state, then by county and bridge name. The bridges are in four categories: authentic historic, authentic modern, non-authentic historic, and non-authentic modern. For each, a history and description, the World Guide Covered Bridge identification number, and length and width dimensions are given. To be included, a bridge must have been originally built as a true covered bridge, used as a means of traveling over an obstacle, usually water, not for access to a building or between buildings, and have a covered portion at least ten feet in length. There are 65 black & white and 55 color photographs.
Author: Terry E. Miller
Publisher: Tuttle Publishing
ISBN: 9780804842655
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
As many as 15,000 covered bridges were built in North America over the past 200 years. Fewer than 1,000 remain. In America's Covered Bridges, authors Terry E. Miller and Ronald G. Knapp tell the fascinating story of these bridges, how they were built, the technological breakthroughs required to construct them and above all the dedication and skill of their builders. Each wooden bridge, whether still standing or long gone, has a story to tell about the nature of America at the time—not only about its transportation needs but the availability of materials and the technological prowess of the people who built it. North American covered bridges were marvels of engineering long before modern civil engineering was invented. Early American bridge builders developed revolutionary new carpentry methods to join timbers into patterns consisting of triangles or continuous arches that resulted in structures rigid enough to span long distances. These systems, called trusses, were critical to bridge construction of the day and had to be protected from the elements by a roof and siding. Few people today realize that bridges were covered to protect the trusses—not the people using the bridge! The unprotected trusses soon degraded and the bridge would collapse. Illustrated with some 550 historical and contemporary photos, paintings, and technical drawings of nearly 400 different covered bridges, America's Covered Bridges offers five readable chapters on the history, design and fate of America's covered bridges, plus related bridges in Canada. Most of the contemporary photography is by master photographer A. Chester Ong of Hong Kong. 55 photo essays on the most iconic bridges remaining, including: Cornish-Windsor Bridge between Vermont and New Hampshire Porter-Parsonsfield Bridge, Maine East Paden and West Paden (Twin Bridges), Pennsylvania Philippi Bridge, West Virginia Hortons Mill Bridge, Alabama Medora Bridge, Indiana Rock Mill Bridge, Ohio Knight's Ferry Bridge, California Perrault Bridge, Quebec, Canada Hartland Bridge, New Brunswick, Canada Among the featured bridges are two that were destroyed before the book could be published, New York's Blenheim Bridge during a storm and Ohio's Humpback Bridge by arson. The Permanent Bridge in Philadelphia, considered by most as the first covered bridge in America, figures prominently, as do the bridges of Lancaster County—heart of Pennsylvania Dutch country. This compendium of classic Americana includes many of the most astounding and iconic bridges ever built in the United States, including those by Timothy Palmer, Theodore Burr and Lewis Wernwag. Some, like the Columbia-Wrightsville Bridge over the Susquehanna River in Pennsylvania, were a mile long. Over time, wooden bridges eventually gave way to ones made of iron, steel and concrete. An American icon, many covered bridges became obsolete and were replaced—others simply decayed and collapsed. Many more were swept away by natural disasters and fires. America's Covered Bridges is absolutely packed with fascinating stories and information passionately told by two leading experts on this subject. The book will be of tremendous interest to anyone interested in American history, carpentry and technological change.
Author: Terry E. Miller
Publisher: Tuttle Publishing
ISBN: 1462914209
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
As many as 15,000 covered bridges were built in North America over the past 200 years. Fewer than 1,000 remain. In America's Covered Bridges, authors Terry E. Miller and Ronald G. Knapp tell the fascinating story of these bridges, how they were built, the technological breakthroughs required to construct them and above all the dedication and skill of their builders. Each wooden bridge, whether still standing or long gone, has a story to tell about the nature of America at the time--not only about its transportational needs, but the availability of materials and the technological prowess of the people who built it. Illustrated with some 550 historical and contemporary photos, paintings, and technical drawings of nearly 400 different covered bridges, America's Covered Bridges offers five readable chapters on the history, design and fate of America's covered bridges, plus related bridges in Canada. Most of the contemporary photography is by master photographer A. Chester Ong of Hong Kong. 55 photo essays on the most iconic bridges including: Cornish-Windsor Bridge between Vermont and New Hampshire Porter-Parsonsfield Bridge, Maine East Paden and West Paden (Twin Bridges), Pennsylvania Philippi Bridge, West Virginia Hortons Mill Bridge, Alabama Medora Bridge, Indiana Rock Mill Bridge, Ohio Knight's Ferry Bridge, California Perrault Bridge, Quebec, Canada Hartland Bridge, New Brunswick, Canada Over time, wooden bridges eventually gave way to ones made of iron, steel and concrete. An American icon, many covered bridges became obsolete and were replaced—others simply decayed and collapsed. Many more were swept away by natural disasters and fires. America's Covered Bridges is absolutely packed with fascinating stories and information passionately told by two leading experts on this subject. The book will be of tremendous interest to anyone interested in American history, carpentry and technological change.
Author: Ronald W. Anthony
Publisher: Government Printing Office
ISBN: 9780160943966
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Get Book Here
Book Description
These guidelines are designed for decision makers (selection, country commissioners, city planners, preservation officers, contractors, rehabilitation engineers, etc.) to understand the components that are used to make effective decisions about how and when to repair a covered bridge, such as structural integrity, engineering analyses, condition assessments, how to support the bridge during repairs, and more. There are numerous types of covered bridges and ensuring public safety during repairs is a paramount issue for future generations to enjoy. Related products: Find more Renovation & Historic Preservation resources here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/renovation-historic-preservation Bridges & Tunnels resources collection here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/bridges-tunnels Other products published by the U.S. Forest Service are available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/us-forest-service
Author: Brian J. McKee
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
Among the featured bridges are two of the longest covered bridges left in the United States, the Medora and Williams bridges; Kentucky's Bennett Mill Bridge, the only surviving Wheeler truss bridge; and the Stark Bridge in New Hampshire, which provides one of the most picturesque scenes in America.
Author: Alex C. Wiedenhoeft
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781508557845
Category : Covered bridges
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Covered timber bridges are historic structures with unique aesthetic value. To preserve this value and maintain bridges in service, robust evaluation of their performance and safety is necessary. The strength of the timber found in covered bridges can vary considerably, not only because of age and condition, but also because of species and grade. For the practicing engineer or inspector evaluating a covered bridge, design values for existing wood members must be determined with as much accuracy as possible by account-ing for bridge-specific conditions. The current practice is to assign wood values for strength and moduli from existing specifications without specific reference to timber species, condition, or grade, which can result in an inaccurate assess-ment of the structure. This manual provides a walk-through for basic wood identification, inspection, condition assess-ment, field grading, and design value estimation for wood in covered bridges.
