A Dual Pathogen Strategy for the Biological Control of Weeds PDF Download
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Author: Steven George Hallett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Steven George Hallett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Muthukumaran Gunasekaran
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000721914
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
While many books are available on biological control, this is the only book to detail the application of molecular biology to control of pests and diseases. Each chapter deals with a different pathogen and the application of new molecular biological techniques to the biocontrol of the pathogen. This new reference presents the most comprehensive list of organisms available. Internationally respected experts discuss viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, protozoa, weeds, and insects. Types of control methods are described, and techniques commonly used in molecular biology to identify the etiological agents, diagnose diseases, and develop control methods are reviewed.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309111919
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Based on a series of regional meetings on university campuses with officials from the national security community and academic research institutions, this report identifies specific actions that should be taken to maintain a thriving scientific research environment in an era of heightened security concerns. Actions include maintaining the open exchange of scientific information, fostering a productive environment for international scholars in the U.S., reexamining federal definitions of sensitive but unclassified research, and reviewing policies on deemed export controls. The federal government should establish a standing entity, preferably a Science and Security Commission, that would review policies regarding the exchange of information and the participation of foreign-born scientists and students in research.
Author:
Publisher: ANR Publications
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Author: Shivaditya Gautam
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
ISBN: 1599423472
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Septoria leaf blotch has been the major disease of wheat in Britain and much of the rest of Europe. It has been reported that the disease causes serious yield losses to range from 31 to 53%. Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici) is the pathogen which causes Septoria leaf blotch. The disease can be controlled by various methods such as cultural practices, chemical control, using resistant varieties and biological control. In plant pathology, the term biological control leads to the introduction of microbial antagonists or host specific pathogens to suppress diseases and populations of one or more plant pathogens. This study investigated the microbial community on and within wheat leaves which can suppress Septoria leaf blotch by reducing the inoculum level of the causative pathogen M. graminicola. Plate count and DGGE analysis techniques were used to assess the microbial community. The changes in the microbial populations of healthy, senescent and M. graminicola infected i.e. diseased wheat leaves were investigated in vitro on agar plates using plate colony count method. It was found that method was successful in assessing both bacterial and fungal population sizes showing distinct colonies. DGGE is a rapid method which can analyze large number of samples simultaneously. The bands appearing in DGGE profile represent different species present in the microbial population. The DGGE technique was successfully used in this study to assess bacterial community. Bioinformatics tools have also played a vital role in this study for identifying bacterial and fungal species. A total of five bacterial species and five fungal species were identified by bioinformatics tools. The antagonistic abilities of identified bacterial and fungal species were tested against a Septoria isolate in vitro on dual culture PDA plates. Four microorganisms (Fusarium sp., Verticillium sp., Penicillium sp., Sporobolomyces sp. and Microbotryum sp.) in the dual cultures vary in their colony length, width, ratio of length and width and distance bwtween them. But after statistical analysis all the values are insignificant observations of dual culture plates indicated that the microorganisms might inhibit Septoria by competing for space. These microorganisms after testing might be good candidates for further in vivo testing of Septoria inhibition. A thorough knowledge of wheat leaf microbial communities is required for further use of biocontrol in the future.
Author: G. Gurr
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401140146
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 433
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Book Description
As well as examining successful biological control programmes this book analyses why the majority of attempts fail. Off-target and other negative effects of biological control are also dealt with. Chapters contributed by leading international researchers and practitioners in all areas of biological control afford the book a breadth of coverage and depth of analysis not possible with a single author volume. Combined with the use of other experts to review chapters and editorial oversight to ensure thematic integrity of the volume, this book provides the most authoritative analysis of biological control published. Key aspects addressed include how success may be measured, how successful biological control has been to date and how may it be made more successful in the future. With extensive use of contemporary examples, photographs, figures and tables this book will be invaluable to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students as well as being a `must' for all involved in making biological control successful.
Author: Gülçin Ercan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
Cereals are main food sources for humans and animals. However, during storage, cereal grains can be infested by insects and fungi. One of the most important insect storage pests is Sitophilus granarius (L., Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Adults and larvae can cause serious grain losses. In addition to insect pests, fungal pathogens may also invade the grain and cause economic loss, including contamination with mycotoxins, which threaten mammal health by causing serious disease. The most common mycotoxigenic grain fungi are species that belong to the genera Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium. Currently, the most commonly used management strategies for insect and fungal storage pests are based on conventional pesticides and cultural methods. However, there is a need for alternatives to conventional pesticides due to their side effects, insecticide resistance, and consumer demand for uncontaminated food. Cultural methods may not be cost-effective or practical in all storage facilities. Moreover, both insect and fungal pests share the same niche and have possible interactions with each other that increase economic losses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find potential biocontrol agents that showed dual biocontrol effect against granary weevil and three common fungal pests in stored grain. We determined that two fungal isolates (Trichoderma gamsii E1032 and E1064) and one bacterial isolate (B. amyloliquefaciens C415) achieved dual control against both the insect pest and the fungal pathogens by causing mortality of S. granarius and suppression of three grain fungal pathogens. In addition, a specific aim of this study was the examination of lethal and sublethal effects on S. granarius. Metarhizium anisopliae E213 showed strong sublethal effect by reducing ovipositio rate and grain infestation additionally, Cladosporium halotolerans E126 minimally reduced oviposition rate yet was significantly different from negative control. Also, all tested bacterial treatments had significantly lower survival than the negative control. And, Bacillus thuringiensis C423 showed strong sublethal effect by reducing feeding damage and oviposition rate. Additionally, candidate biocontrol agents were tested against grain fungal pathogens with two different method, antibiosis and wheat seed bioassays, to confirm performance of the effective isolate on the real stored grain. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Lysobacter enzymogenes, and Burkholderia ambifaria demonstrated the highest antifungal activity. This study demonstrates dual biocontrol against insect and fungal pests, which has potential as a component of Integrated Pest Management strategies for stored grain.
Author: Ann E. Hajek
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521653855
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Author: George E. Heimpel
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521845149
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 393
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Book Description
This book enhances our understanding of biological control, integrating historical analysis, theoretical models and case studies in an ecological framework.
Author: K.F. Baker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Biological balance; What is biological control?; Biological control in plant pathology; Examples of biological control; Approaches to biological control with antagonistic microorganisms; Role of the pathogen in biological control; Role of the antagonist in biological control; Role of the host in biological control; Role of the physical environment in biological control; Biological control of pathogens of aerial parts; Whither biological control?; Why biological control?.
