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Author: Tewodaj Mogues, Samuel Benin, Godsway Cudjoe
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Author: Tewodaj Mogues, Samuel Benin, Godsway Cudjoe
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 40
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Renkow, Mitch
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 72
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Book Description
This report assesses the impact of the International Food Policy Research Institutes (IFPRI) Global Research Program on Priorities for Public Investment in Agriculture and Rural Areas (GRP-3). Initiated in 1998, the stated objectives of the research program were (1) to increase public investment for rural areas and the agricultural sector given that there is an underspending in the sector and (2) to better target and improve efficiency of public resources to achieve these growth and poverty reduction goals, as well as other development goals. GRP-3 evolved out of research on the impacts of alternative types of public spending on income and poverty outcomes in India and China that was conducted by staff of IFPRIs Environment and Production Technology Division (later the Development Strategy and Governance Division). Those studies indicated that public investments in infrastructurein particular, investments in roads, agricultural research and development (R&D), and educationyielded sizeable marginal benefits in terms of poverty alleviation and income generation in rural areas. This line of research was later expanded to encompass a number of countries in Africa and, to a lesser extent, Southeast Asia and the Middle East. A second major (and ongoing) thrust of the program is to support African governments in establishing public investment priorities and strategies for promoting rural economic growth and poverty alleviation. Major activities undertaken include providing analytical and institutional support to the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and evaluations of individual publicly-funded programs in several African countries. GRP-3 has generated an impressive array of published outputs. The great bulk of these emerged from the research conducted in India and China. A much smaller number of published outputs have been generated by the (more recently conducted) research in Africa; however, a substantial number of papers, book manuscripts, and monographs are in various stages of the publication process. Other important program outputs include a variety of public expenditure databases suitable for assessing the nature and effects of individual countries spending priorities. GRP-3 research has had substantial influence on public expenditure priorities in India and China. Most notably, published research in India played a key role in the institution of the Rural Roads Program that directed huge sums toward construction of roads connecting large numbers of previously unserved villages. Quantitative assessment of the positive impacts from these road investments indicates that IFPRI research can reasonably take substantial credit for lifting tens of thousands of individuals out of poverty and increasing agricultural GDP by billions of rupees. Additionally, in both China and India, GRP-3 research has influenced recent policy conversations that have led to increased spending on agricultural R&D and education. Overall, the program has substantially met its stated objectives in Asia. GRP-3 research in Africa has yet to fully meet the programs objectives, in large part because the policymaking process in the countries where IFPRI has been active are still not far enough advanced for the research outputs to have translated into actual policies. Still, some important outcomes have emerged: The work IFPRI has conducted in support of CAADP has successfully shepherded 19 countries through the Compact process. However, the Compacts are intermediate products; it remains to be seen the extent to which governments follow through on the plans contained within them. IFPRIs compilations of disparate public expenditure data in a large number of countries represent a useful local public good for use by research and practitioner communities outside of IFPRI. In addition, IFPRIs role in guiding the formation and operation of a regional strategic assessment and knowledge support system (ReSAKSS) has boosted, if not created, institutional capacity for future monitoring and evaluation activities. Research on the impact of public investments in the agricultural sector has been useful to the donor community by providing empirical backstopping for ongoing policy dialogues with governments. However, the difficultand often contentiouspolitical environment in which those dialogues occur has meant that policy outcomes are still materializing (and far from certain).
Author: Jerzy Bański
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429783264
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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Book Description
Dilemmas of Regional and Local Development aims to identify, diagnose and evaluate various approaches towards regional and local socio-economic development. Over the course of the book, authors from 12 countries and four continents come together to review experiences and solutions related to regional development in a range of different economic, social and political systems. The first part of the volume focuses on the fundamentals of planning regional and local development, particularly focusing on theoretical solutions and development policy concepts. The second part is more applied, looking at practical instruments and solutions for shaping the local economy, and analysing effective development policy. This book will be of interest to economics, geography, politics, and planning scholars and researchers working on regional sciences and local development.
Author: Anwar Shah
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Debt Markets
Languages : en
Pages : 51
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Book Description
Intergovernmental fiscal transfers are a dominant feature of subnational finance in most countries. They are used to ensure that revenues roughly match the expenditure needs of various orders (levels) of subnational governments. They are also used to advance national, regional, and local area objectives, such as fairness and equity, and creating a common economic union. The structure of these transfers creates incentives for national, regional, and local governments that have a bearing on fiscal management, macroeconomic stability, distributional equity, allocative efficiency, and public services delivery. This paper reviews the conceptual, empirical, and practice literature to distill lessons of policy interest in designing the fiscal transfers to create the right incentives for prudent fiscal management and competitive and innovative service delivery. It provides practical guidance on the design of performance-oriented transfers that emphasize bottom-up, client-focused, and results-based government accountability. It cites examples of simple but innovative grant designs that can satisfy grantors' objectives while preserving local autonomy and creating an enabling environment for responsive, responsible, equitable, and accountable public governance. The paper further provides guidance on the design and practice of equalization transfers for regional fiscal equity as well as the institutional arrangements for implementation of such transfer mechanisms. It concludes with negative (practices to avoid) and positive (practices to emulate) lessons from international practices.
Author: Serdar Yilmaz
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1789900859
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 375
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Book Description
Intergovernmental Transfers in Federations presents a synthesis of international experience of large federations in the most recent times in addressing the most fundamental issue of horizontal and vertical imbalances in their countries through the prism of intergovernmental transfers. Contributors delve into the various aspects of policy making as well as policy choices in selecting an efficiency path for a meaningful fiscal devolution aimed at integrating performance and incentives to reach an expenditure mix that facilitates better service delivery.
Author: Roy W. Bahl
Publisher: Lincoln Inst of Land Policy
ISBN: 9781558442542
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
The economic activity that drives growth in developing countries is heavily concentrated in cities. Catchphrases such as “metropolitan areas are the engines that pull the national economy” turn out to be fairly accurate. But the same advantages of metropolitan areas that draw investment also draw migrants who need jobs and housing, lead to demands for better infrastructure and social services, and result in increased congestion, environmental harm, and social problems. The challenges for metropolitan public finance are to capture a share of the economic growth to adequately finance new and growing expenditures and to organize governance so that services can be delivered in a cost-effective way, giving the local population a voice in fiscal decision making. At the same time, care must be taken to avoid overregulation and overtaxation, which will hamper the now quite mobile economic engine of private investment and entrepreneurial initiative. Metropolitan planning has become a reality in most large urban areas, even though the planning agencies are often ineffective in moving things forward and in linking their plans with the fiscal and financial realities of metropolitan government. A growing number of success stories in metropolitan finance and management, together with accumulated experience and proper efforts and support, could be extended to a broader array of forward-looking programs to address the growing public service needs of metropolitan-area populations. Nevertheless, sweeping metropolitan-area fiscal reforms have been few and far between; the urban policy reform agenda is still a long one; and there is a reasonable prospect that closing the gaps between what we know how to do and what is actually being done will continue to be difficult and slow. This book identifies the most important issues in metropolitan governance and finance in developing countries, describes the practice, explores the gap between practice and what theory suggests should be done, and lays out the reform paths that might be considered. Part of the solution will rest in rethinking expenditure assignments and instruments of finance. The “right” approach also will depend on the flexibility of political leaders to relinquish some control in order to find a better solution to the metropolitan finance problem.
Author: Prosper Biaka Konlan
Publisher: EduPedia Publications (P) Ltd
ISBN: 151732145X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Book Description
ABSTRACT (BRIEF OF THE BOOK) The decentralisation programme in Ghana aimed at bringing governance closer to the people was implemented around 1980s. This era witnessed the gradual transition of power and authority to the local authorities to mobilise economic resources. The decentralisation programme has since made modest gains, especially in promoting grassroots representation in governance. Nonetheless, the inability of the Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) to effectively and efficiently mobilise adequate revenues to support local government development initiatives is one of the principal challenges confronting local development in Ghana. This thesis examined the challenges of local revenue administration and development finance of Wenchi Municipal Assembly in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. A case study research design was adopted for the study with probability and non-probability sampling methods. In-depth interviews, questionnaire administration, and review of relevant financial documents of the Assembly (Trial Balance) were instruments used for the administration of data. Clearly, Wenchi Municipal Assembly performed poorly in internal revenue mobilisation. Comparatively, the Assembly recorded 15 percent as the highest contribution of internally generated fund to the total municipal financial resources over the period (2010-2014) under review. It was discovered that a large fraction of the rate paying constituents were highly uninformed and did not really see the link between payment and benefits. Over 70 percent of the internally generated funds were however, spent on recurrent expenditures. Challenges impeding smooth revenue mobilisation were poor motivation and low capacity of revenue collectors; inadequate education and sensitisation of the public; poor revenue collection and reporting systems; non-valuation of properties; physical assault of revenue collectors; untimely prosecution of defaulters; poor supervision, monitoring and evaluation; and inadequate infrastructure development. The researcher recommended diversification of the traditional revenue sources, strict adherence to budget lines in a quest to control expenditure, undertaking vigorous investment ventures, embarking on intensive education on the utilisation of funds, and establishing schemes that seek to promote hard working revenue collectors as means to improve upon revenue generation.
Author: Naomi Enid Slack
Publisher: UN-HABITAT
ISBN: 9211321131
Category : Municipal finance
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Author: Richard M. Bird
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1783474335
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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Book Description
Taxation and Development highlights the importance of better understanding the ways in which taxes and expenditure are linked. Focusing on developing countries, the book argues for a broader approach to the topic, with a secondary focus on developing a
Author: Enoch Kikulwe, Ekin Birol, Justus Wesseler, José Falck-Zepeda
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
