Distribution and Abundance of Terrestrial and Arboreal Lichens in the Old-growth Coniferous Forests of the Western Cascades of Oregon, with Special Reference to Nitrogen-fixing Species PDF Download
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Author: Kent Donald Howe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lichens
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Author: Kent Donald Howe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lichens
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 762
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 678
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Author: Erin P. Martin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Lichen communities
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Lichens are an important part of the biota in western Oregon forests, where they perform valuable ecological roles and contribute significantly to biodiversity. Lichens in western Oregon are threatened by a number of factors including air pollution and land use practices. If we wish to maintain the persistence of lichens in future landscapes it is critical that we understand the responses of lichen communities and individual lichen species to the environment and forest structure. This dissertation explores factors that are related to differences in lichen community composition and the distributions of individual lichen species in the western Cascades of Oregon, using a large landscape scale data set. I sought to relate major gradients in lichen community composition to environmental factors, and describe differences in lichen communities with respect to forest age (Chapter 2). I found three major gradients in lichen communities at a landscape scale in the western Oregon Cascades. These gradients were related to climate as expressed by elevation and annual temperature, air quality, north-south position, the richness of epiphytic macrolichens, and forest age. I developed a rarity score, which can be used to identify hotspots of rare species diversity at a landscape scale (Chapter 3). I then built descriptive models of this rarity score to identify abiotic and biotic factors associated with the occurrence of rarity hotspots. I found that models of rarity score that used explanatory variables based on lichen community composition performed better than models that used explanatory variables based solely on environmental factors. I narrowed my focus to the level of individual species responses to the environment and forest structure by developing habitat models for 11 lichen species in the western Cascades (Chapter 4). We selected these species because they performed important ecological roles, were rare across the landscape and associated with old growth forests, or because their distributions were poorly understood. These models can be used to increase the efficiency of landscape level surveys for rare species, predict the response of these species to forest management practices, and understand factors associated with the distributions of these lichens.
Author:
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Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 900
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 618
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Author: Eric B. Peterson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forest ecology
Languages : en
Pages : 280
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Book Description
The diverse lichen flora of the Pacific Northwest is being impacted by population growth and by forest management practices. Accumulating information about our lichen flora will improve our conservation strategies. This dissertation first collects information to improve our understanding of how lichen communities vary among forests of differing structure, and across the western Oregon landscape. It then proposes a method to predict species occurrence in unsampled sites by utilizing the information on forest characters and environmental gradients at sampled sites. Macrolichen communities sampled in coniferous forests revealed that old-growth stands (>200 yrs old) harbored communities that differed from those in young forests (50-110 yrs old). Even more atypical communities occurred in macrolichen hotspots, which were primarily in riparian zones. Many macrolichen species were associated with these hotspots, including numerous nitrogen-fixing cyanolichens. Macrolichen species associated with old-growth forested plots included the nitrogen-fixing lichen Lobaria oregana and several forage-providing alectorioid lichens. The presence of remnant old trees apparently increased the occurrence of old-growth associates in young stands. The calicioids, a group of microlichens investigated only in the Cascades, had a strong association with old growth forest and remnant trees. Diversity of calicioids may also be increased by legacy structures such as old snags and wolf trees. These structures increase continuity between current and previous stands. Macrolichen communities varied between the Coast and Cascade Mountain Ranges, following climatic gradients, particularly annual precipitation. Successional patterns in macrolichen communities appeared to differ between the mountain ranges. The modeling method proposed for using habitat associations to predict occurrence has several advantages over common modeling methods, such as regression. The method is simple, avoids parametric assumptions, provides easy updating of models as additional sites are sampled, and automatically accounts for interactions among predictor variables. It can be linked with GIS data and software to map estimated probability of occurrence across landscapes. The data on calicioids from the Cascades, supplemented with additional stand inventories, were used to test and demonstrate the modeling method.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Zoology
Languages : en
Pages : 550
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Author: Shanti D. Berryman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Epiphytic lichens
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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This dissertation describes patterns in epiphytic macrolichen community composition, diversity, and biomass across various stand types in the Blue River watershed of western Oregon. It first examines the relative importance of ecological factors such as stand age, remnant tree retention, and topography to lichen communities in the landscape. It then develops models for estimating epiphytic macrolichen biomass and uses these models to assess potential impacts of forest management strategies on future lichen biomass in the watershed. Epiphytic macrolichen communities were sampled in 117 coniferous stands in uplands and riparian areas. Stands were typed by stand age (young, 20; pole, 21-80; mature, 81-200; and old-growth,200 yrs) and by the degree of remnant tree retention (older trees that survived the most recent disturbance). Lichen biomass (oven-dried, kg/ha) was estimated for three functional groups: nitrogen-fixing cyanolichens, forage lichens, and matrix lichens in 63 of the 117 stands. Elevation was the leading factor related to differences in macrolichen communities and biomass. Cyanolichens (dominated by Lobaria oregana) were largely limited to lower elevations and were most abundant in old growth (median 1,377 kg/ha). Lichen community composition changed with stand age. Remnant presence was related only to lichen community differences in young stands. Lichen biomass increased with stand age and with remnant retention. Stands along perennial streams were cyanolichen hotspots compared to uplands. Lichen biomass was unrelated to uplands and riparian areas. Regression models estimating lichen biomass by functional group were developed from topography, stand structure, and lichen communities. The model for cyanolichen biomass had the strongest predictive power (R2= 0.85), whereas models for forage and matrix lichen biomass were less powerful (R2 = 0.55 and R2 = 0.58, respectively). We estimated cyanolichen and forage lichen biomass in the present watershed and forecasted lichen biomass in 200 yrs for two different management scenarios: the Landscape Plan (LP) and the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP). Under both scenarios, lichen biomass was predicted to increase substantially from current levels due to increased remnant tree retention and the elimination of clear-cutting. The LP scenario yielded 12% higher forage lichen biomass and 8% higher cyanolichen biomass than the NWFP.
