Author: Sara Tajyar Hashimi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dendritic cells
Languages : en
Pages : 422

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Brendan Cordeiro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Get Book Here

Book Description
"Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells and are central regulators of the adaptive immune system. DCs are found in a steady state, poised to respond to activating stimuli. Once stimulated, they rapidly undergo dynamic changes in gene expression to adopt an activated phenotype capable of promoting the differentiation of T cell lineages against the particular threat. The exact mechanisms regulating the transition from steady state to activation of DCs are not well understood. In this work, we explored two novel mechanisms of DC regulation. The first mechanism examined involves microRNA-9 (miR-9). MicroRNAs are emerging as important regulators of immune function due to their fast action and ability to regulate programs of gene expression. We found that miR-9 was upregulated in both bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) and conventional DC1s but not in conventional DC2s following stimulation. miR-9 expression in BMDCs and conventional DC1s promotes enhanced DC activation and function, including the ability to stimulate T cell activation and control tumor growth. We then found that miR-9 reduced the expression of a group of negative regulators, including the transcriptional repressor Polycomb group factor 6. The second mechanism explored involves the Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Cystic fibrosis is an incurable genetic disease caused by loss of function of the CFTR gene. CFTR loss leads to the creation of an environment suitable for colonization by various pathogenic bacteria in both the lungs and the intestines. Cystic fibrosis patients display an increase in inflammatory signalling that is cell intrinsic and not due to bacterial colonization, while also showing an increased risk for multiple autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. DCs express CFTR and mice with CFTR knocked out specifically in CD11c expressing cells exhibited increased activation of intestinal DCs which promoted the activation of Th17+ CD4+ T cells. This correlated with a defect in early immune responses towards the intestinal pathogen C. rodentium. Finally, we found that loss of CFTR inhibits anti-inflammatory PI3K-Akt signaling in DCs, which may provide a starting point to understand the mechanism linking CFTR and DC regulation. In summary, this work establishes the novel roles of miR-9 and CFTR in the molecular regulation of DC activation and function"--

Author: Michael J.P. Lawman
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 9781493903443
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

Get Book Here

Book Description
Cancer Vaccines: Methods and Protocols explores the manipulation and modification of immune cells, the manipulation and modification of tumor cells as well as the manipulation of immune/tumor interactions and various delivery mechanisms, with the overall end goal of evoking a tumor-specific response and overcoming the immuno-evasive mechanisms employed by the tumor cells. This detailed volume also covers the subject of cancer vaccines in a more global sense with its section on the advances, challenges, and future of cancer vaccines. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and authoritative, Cancer Vaccines: Methods and Protocols aims to help guide researchers toward developing further generations of cancer vaccines that are both safe and efficacious, with the hope that cancer vaccines will be the standard of care in the very near future.

Author: Jonathan Soboloff
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 149870509X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 258

Get Book Here

Book Description
T cells play a vital role mediating adaptive immunity, a specific acquired resistance to an infectious agent produced by the introduction of an antigen. There are a variety of T cell types with different functions. They are called T cells, because they are derived from the thymus gland. This volume discusses how T cells are regulated through the operation of signaling mechanisms. Topics covered include positive and negative selection, early events in T cell receptor engagement, and various T cell subsets.

Author: Marek Zembala
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 584

Get Book Here

Book Description
Monocytes represent one of the major types of white blood cells in man which prevent infection by ingesting and killing invading pathogens and by releasing factors which stimulate and regulate lymphocytes. Monocytes "purify" the blood, removing immune complexes, mediating inflammatory responses, and initiating tissue repair. Human Monocytes represents an up-to-date, definitive account of this important cell. It covers the cells biochemical, immunological, and inflammatory functionsand its role in many diseases, including asthma, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and AIDS.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 852

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Wen-Lan William Chang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 300

Get Book Here

Book Description

Author: Ann Arvin
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139461648
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1325

Get Book Here

Book Description
This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.

Author: M. A. Epstein
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642672361
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 467

Get Book Here

Book Description
The Epstein-Barr virus was discovered 15 years ago. Since that time an immense body of information has been accumu lated on this agent which has come to assume great signifi cance in many different fields of biological science. Thus, the virus has very special relevance in human medicine and oncology, in tumor virology, in immunology, and in mole cular virology, since it is the cause of infectious mononu cleosis and also the first human cancer virus, etiologically related to endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and probably to nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In addition, continuous human lymphoid cell lines initiated and maintained by the transform ing function of the virus genome provide a laboratory tool with wide and ever-growing applications. Innumerable papers on the Epstein-Barr virus have ap peared over recent years and reports of work with this agent now constitute a veritable flood. The present book provides the first and only comprehensive, authoritative over-view of all aspects of the virus by authors who have been the original and major contributors in their particular disciplines. A complete and up-to-date survey of this unique and important agent is thus provided which should be of great interest to experts, teachers, and students engaged in cancer research, virology, immunology, molecular biology, epide miology, and cell culture. Where topics have been dealt with from more than one of these viewpoints, some inevitable overlap and duplication has resulted; although this has been kept to a minimum, it has been retained in some places because of positive usefulness.

Author: B. Kyewski
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540277021
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 331

Get Book Here

Book Description
The vertebrate immune system defends the organism against invading pathogens while at the same time being self-tolerant to the body’s own constituents thus preserving its integrity. Multiple mechanisms work in concert to ensure self-tolerance. Apart from purging the T cell repertoire from auto-reactive T cells via negative selection in the thymus dominant tolerance exerted by regulatory T cells plays a major role in tolerance imposition and maintenance. Among the various regulatory/suppressive cells hitherto described, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) and interleukin-10 producing T regulatory 1 (Tr1) cells have been studied in most detail and are the subject of most articles in this issue. Treg, also called "natural" regulatory T cells, will be traced from their intra-thymic origin to the site of their action in peripheral lymphoid organs and tissues. The repertoire of Treg is clearly biased towards recognition of self-antigens, thereby potentially preventing autoimmune diseases such as gastritis and oophoritis. Regulatory T cells, however also control infections, allergies and tolerance to transplanted tissues and this requires their induction in the periphery under conditions which are not yet fully understood. The concept of dominant tolerance, by far not novel, will offer new insights and hopefully tools for the successful treatment of autoimmune diseases, improved cancer immunotherapy and transplant survival. The fulfillment of these high expectations will, however, require their unambiguous identification and a better understanding of their mode of action.