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Author: P. J. Huiswaard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diffusion in hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Author: P. J. Huiswaard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diffusion in hydrology
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Author: Paul Jacques Huiswaard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Estuaries
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Roy Lewis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Dispersion in Estuaries and Coastal Waters describes the physical processes which result in the dilution of a substance in the marine environment. The emphasis is mainly on the fundamental mechanisms of dispersion and the occurrence of these processes in estuaries and coastal waters Aspects of the present understanding of fluid dynamics in homogenous and stratified flows are discussed, with particular reference to the relevance of flow conditions to the turbulent state. The book describes how the associated dispersion processes are represented in mathematical models to quantify dilution in marine systems and the experimental techniques used to derive the mixing parameters required for the models. Concluding by discussing the application of the concepts of dispersion in well mixed, stratified and partially mixed systems, Dispersion in Estuaries and Coastal Waters acts as an excellent guide book for those needing to solve practical problems relating to marine dispersion. It also provides a useful review of dispersion as it cites key publications, both recent and long-standing, which are invaluable in interpreting and quantifying the dilution and fate of material in the marine environment.
Author: Adrian Mikhail Palaci Garcia
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dispersion
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Dispersion in estuaries sets the length of salinity intrusion and the horizontal mixing rate of waterborne constituents, including larvae, nutrients, sediments, and contaminants. While bulk calculations of dispersion are readily estimated using traditional field measurements, the mechanisms contributing to the total dispersion are difficult to identify because they require high temporal and spatial resolution to measure. Recent advances in field techniques and numerical modeling have enabled the isolated study of various mechanisms contributing to dispersion, many of which vary on tidal time-scales and over small spatial scales. The objective of this thesis is to use a combination of high-resolution field measurements and numerical modeling to determine the mechanisms of dispersion that maintain the salt balance in the North River (Marshfield, MA), a tidally-dominated salt marsh estuary with complex topography. First, a field campaign was conducted to determine the dispersion associated with the out-of-phase exchange between tributary creeks and the main channel. Then, numerical simulations of an idealized estuary were conducted and a novel quasi-Lagrangian approach was applied to analyze the sources of dispersive salt fluxes throughout the estuary. A second field campaign was conducted to evaluate the spatial variability of shear dispersion, particularly near regions of abrupt topographic variations. The key result from this thesis is obtained through the first application of the theoretical moving plane framework of Dronkers & van de Kreeke (1986), which confirms quantitatively that all landward salt flux at a fixed location must result from spatial correlations in velocity and salinity within a tidal excursion of the fixed location. Based on this result, the sources of the landward salt flux can be directly identified based on the spatial and tidal variations of shear dispersion, which can vary strongly due to its dependence on the local tidal currents, along-channel salinity gradient, and bathymetry. This thesis identifies and quantifies various mechanisms of topographically-induced tidal dispersion and thus highlights the dominant role of topography in controlling the processes that contribute to mixing and transport in short, tidally-energetic estuaries.
Author: Christopher Dean Holleman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Estuaries, and the varied ecosystems they support, are affected by human action in many ways. One of the fundamental environmental questions pertaining to estuaries is how material is mixed into ambient waters and transported within and beyond the estuary. Characterizing transport and mixing is essential for tackling local environmental questions, such as gauging the water-quality impacts of a wastewater outfall, or how dredging may alter estuarine circulation. In many estuaries the dominant physical dispersion mechanism is shear dispersion. A fundamental and idealized approach to the scalar transport problem is undertaken, in which canonical shear dispersion regimes are augmented with a new, intermediate regime. This mode of shear dispersion, in which the longitudinal variance of the plume increase with the square of time, is likely to occur in channel-shoal basins where bathymetric transitions can create sheared velocity profiles. A key tool in the engineer's arsenal for pursuing studies of scalar transport is the numerical model, but care must be taken to separate physical mixing effects from numerical artifacts. Unstructured models are particularly well-suited to estuarine problems as the grid can be adapted to complex local topography, but the numerical errors of these models can be difficult to characterize with standard methods. An in-depth error analysis reveals a strong dependence of numerical diffusion on the orientation of the grid relative to the flow. Flexible grid generation methods allow for optimizing the grid in light of this dependence, and can decrease across-flow numerical diffusion by a factor of two. The most far-reaching impact of our actions, though, must certainly be global climate change. A period of rising sea level is being ushered in by climate change, and the final research-oriented chapter seeks to further our understanding of how rising sea levels will affect basin-scale tidal dynamics. Numerical and analytic approaches show that as basins get deeper tidal amplification becomes more effective and tidal range increases. The crux of the analysis, though, is the inclusion of inundation within these scenarios. Inundated areas dissipate incident tidal energy, countering the added amplification due to basins becoming deeper. The net effect, in the case of San Francisco Bay, is that tidal amplification under sea level rise actually decreases, such that a particular rise in mean higher high water in the coastal ocean is predicted to raise mean higher high water within the bay by a lesser amount.
Author: W. Rockwell Geyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Book Description
Author: Michael D. Disko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Estuarine pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 70
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Book Description
Author: Arnoldo Valle-Levinson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139487698
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Estuaries are of high socioeconomic importance with twenty-two of the thirty-two largest cities in the world located on river estuaries. Estuaries bring together fluxes of fresh and saline water, as well as fluvial and marine sediments, and contain high biological diversity. Increasingly sophisticated field observation technology and numerical modeling have produced significant advances in our understanding of the physical properties of estuaries over the last decade. This book introduces a classification for estuaries before presenting the basic physics and hydrodynamics of estuarine circulation and the various factors that modify it in time and space. It then covers special topics at the forefront of research such as turbulence, fronts in estuaries and continental shelves, low inflow estuaries, and implications of estuarine transport for water quality. Written by leading authorities on estuarine and lagoon hydrodynamics, this volume provides a concise foundation for academic researchers, advanced students and coastal resource managers.
Author: Leo J. Fisher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oceanography
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
This bibliography represents a survey of the scientific literature in the fields of hydraulics, hydrology, and oceanography. The references are annotated for their application to flushing and dispersion in tidal waters. (Author).
Author: Sean Clarke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Estuaries
Languages : en
Pages : 125
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Book Description
