Direct and Indirect Speech PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Direct and Indirect Speech PDF full book. Access full book title Direct and Indirect Speech by Florian Coulmas. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Florian Coulmas
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110871963
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 381
Get Book Here
Book Description
TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.
Author: Manik Joshi
Publisher: Manik Joshi
ISBN:
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 53
Get Book Here
Book Description
This Book Covers The Following Topics: 01. Direct and Indirect Speech 02. Expression of Time 03. Important Reporting Verbs 04. Pronoun Change 05. Tenses in Direct and Indirect Speech 06. Reporting Verb with Object 07. Changing Modal Verbs 08. ‘Questions’ in Direct and Indirect Speech 09. ‘Exclamations’ in Direct and Indirect Speech 10. ‘Imperatives’ in Direct and Indirect Speech 11. Direct and Indirect Speech: Mixed Types 12. Where to Put Reporting Verb in Direct Speech 13. Punctuation Rules 14. Other Useful Notes Exercise -- 01 Exercise -- 02 Exercise -- 03 Sample This: 01. Direct and Indirect Speech There are two ways to express what someone else has said. On this basis, sentences are of two types: sentences with Direct Speech, and sentences with Indirect Speech. DIRECT SPEECH Direct Speech is also called Quoted Speech or Direct Narration. Direct Speech refers to exactly what someone has said. Direct Speech appears within quotation marks (“..”). A comma is used before starting the exact quote within the quotation marks. Direct Speech should be word for word. The first letter of the quotation begins with a capital letter. Example: The president said, “I will not bear corruption in the country at any cost.” INDIRECT SPEECH Indirect speech is also called Reported Speech or Indirect Narration. Indirect Speech does not refer to exactly what someone has said. Indirect Speech doesn't appear within quotation marks but the word “that” may be used as a conjunction between the reporting verb and reported speech. Indirect Speech shouldn’t be word for word. The pronoun in Indirect Speech is changed according to speaker and hearer. Example: The president declared that he would not bear corruption in the country at any cost. Important rules for changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech are as follows: 02. Expression of Time You need to change the expression of a time when changing direct speech (DS) into indirect speech (IDS) to match the moment of speaking. Important expressions of time in direct and indirect speech are as follows: ‘a month ago’ is changed into ‘a month before’ ‘a year ago’ is changed into ‘the previous year’ or ‘a year before’ ‘last night’ is changed into ‘the night before’ ‘last Saturday’ is changed into ‘the Saturday before’ ‘last weekend’ is changed into ‘the weekend before’ ‘next year’ is changed into ‘the following year’ or ‘the year after’ ‘now’ is changed into ‘then’ ‘the day after tomorrow’ is changed into ‘in two days’ time’ ‘the day before yesterday’ is changed into ‘two days before’ ‘these (days)’ is changed into ‘those (days)’ ‘this (morning/noon/evening)’ is changed into ‘that (morning/noon/evening)’ ‘today’ is changed into ‘that day’ ‘tomorrow’ is changed into ‘the next/following day’ or ‘the day after’ ‘tonight’ is changed into ‘that night’ ‘yesterday’ is changed into ‘the previous day’ or ‘the day before’ Besides expressions of time, there are many other expressions that need to be changed if you are changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech. ‘come’ is changed into ‘go’ ‘bring’ is changed into ‘take’ ‘thus’ is changed into ‘so’ ‘hence’ is changed into ‘thence’ ‘hither’ is changed into ‘thither’ ‘here’ is changed into ‘there’
Author: Florian Coulmas
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110871963
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 381
Get Book Here
Book Description
TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.
Author: Karin Österman
Publisher: Peter Lang
ISBN: 9783631600283
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 436
Get Book Here
Book Description
Indirect and Direct Aggression consists of 24 chapters written by distinguished scholars within the field of aggression research, covering indirect aggression, bullying in schools, adult bullying, and societal and biological aspects of aggression. Indirect aggression is the most typical form of aggression used by women in most cultures. It is an aggressive strategy that is carried out by means of social manipulation that enables the perpetrator to go unnoticed and thereby escape retaliation. Knowledge about indirect aggression and its mechanisms is crucial for all anti-bullying efforts, among children and adults alike. Although briefly covered in early research on human aggression, the study of indirect aggression originates, beginning from the mid-1980s, from a research group in Finland, lead by Professor Kaj Björkqvist of Åbo Akademi University. The book can be used as a textbook at university level.
Author: Avril Rowlands
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 0240516133
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 206
Get Book Here
Book Description
First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author: Kate Woodford
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780521824231
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 1550
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.
Author: Caren Grown
Publisher: IDRC
ISBN: 0415568226
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 349
Get Book Here
Book Description
Around the world, there are concerns that many tax codes are biased against women, and that contemporary tax reforms tend to increase the incidence of taxation on the poorest women while failing to generate enough revenue to fund the programs needed to improve these women's lives. Because taxes are the key source of revenue governments themselves raise, understanding the nature and composition of taxation and current tax reform efforts is key to reducing poverty, providing sufficient revenue for public expenditure, and achieving social justice. This is the first book to systematically examine gender and taxation within and across countries at different levels of development. It presents original research on the gender dimensions of personal income taxes, and value-added, excise, and fuel taxes in Argentina, Ghana, India, Mexico, Morocco, South Africa, Uganda and the United Kingdom. This book will be of interest to postgraduates and researchers studying Public Finance, International Economics, Development Studies, Gender Studies, and International Relations, among other disciplines.
Author: Joseph P. Forgas
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317710290
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 394
Get Book Here
Book Description
Social influence processes play a key role in human behavior. Arguably our extraordinary evolutionary success has much to do with our subtle and highly developed ability to interact with and influence each other. In this volume, leading international researchers review and integrate contemporary theory and research on the many ways people influence each other, considering both explicit, direct, and implicit, indirect influence strategies. Three sections examine fundamental processes and theory in social influence research, the role of cognitive processes and strategies in social influence phenomena, and the operation of social influence mechanisms in group settings. By applying the latest research to a wide range of interpersonal phenomena, this volume greatly advances our understanding of social influence mechanisms in strategic social interaction, and should be of interest to all students, researchers and practitioners interested in the dynamics of everyday interpersonal behavior.
Author: MaryEllen Tribby
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118584589
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Get Book Here
Book Description
Introducing a million-dollar business model that you can do from home, on the road, or in your spare time Mary Ellen Tribby, founder of Working Moms Only, has created and perfected a business model that is 500% more profitable than blogging, that you can do from home, from an office, or from anywhere in the world, that's easy to learn, and extremely profitable. With it, Mary Ellen has made millions through her various own businesses and her clients, and now you can too. It's called The Inbox Magazine (The iMag for short) and regardless of the size of your staff—from one to one hundred—or whether you spend ten or forty hours a week working at it, this revolutionary approach to running a business is your ticket to success and financial independence. Makes Mary Ellen Tribby's extraordinarily successful business strategies available to the public in a book for the first time If you're already in business, it arms you with proven techniques for boosting your bottom line by an order of magnitude—in no time If you're a novice entrepreneur, it delivers powerful tools for getting your business off the ground and running full throttle—right away The perfect tool for the time, the Inbox Magazine is what you need to create a huge impact with the minimum investment of time, energy, and money
Author: Theodorus Albertus Johannes Maria Janssen
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027250561
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 320
Get Book Here
Book Description
In sentences containing reported speech, thought, or perception, it is possible to distinguish different voices or views, associated with different discourse roles. They originate in two different clauses: one clause signals a reporting situation, and the other a reported situation. This volume examines the methods used for combining these two types of clauses in a range of languages. In each of the contributions, the focus is on the forms and functions of verbs; topics dealt with include the meaning of tense, mood, and aspect (and their interaction) in the various types of reported speech, the speech act status of reported utterances, correlations between reporting verbs and verbs in reported clauses (and the conjunctions introducing them), and possible intra-systemic and cross-linguistic correlations of these properties. The articles concentrate on the Slavic languages Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Croatian, and Slovene, the Romance languages Latin, Old and Modern French, and Spanish, the Germanic languages Swedish, German, Dutch, and English, the Indo-Iranian language Bengali, and Mandarin Chinese.
Author: W. Spohn
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402054742
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 385
Get Book Here
Book Description
In this collection I present 16 of my, I feel, more substantial papers on theoretical philosophy, 12 as originally published, one co-authored with Ulrike Haas-Spohn (Chapter14), one (Chapter 15) that was a brief conference commentary, but is in fact a suitable appendix to Chapter 14, one as a translation of a German paper (Chapter 12), and one newly written for this volume (Chapter 16), which, however, is only my recent attempt to properly and completely express an argument I had given in two earlier papers. I gratefully acknowledge permission of reprint from the relevant publishers at the beginning of each paper. In disciplinary terms the papers cover epistemology, general philosophy of science, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The section titles Belief, Causation, Laws, Coherence, and Concepts and the paper titles give a more adequate impression of the topics dealt with. The papers are tightly connected. I feel they might be even read as unfolding a program, though this program was never fully clear in my mind and still isn’t. In the Introduction I attempt to describe what this program might be, thus drawing a reconstructed red thread, or rather two red threads, through all the papers. This will serve, at the same time, as an overview over the papers collected.
