Author: Matthew Mears
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Swomitra Palit
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Macromolecular crowding and confinement, the effects caused by high concentrations of macromolecules in solution and/or in small compartments, are believed to influence diffusion processes, intermolecular interactions, protein folding, and intracellular transport in living cells. Understanding mechanisms of transport in biological systems (such as living cells) is complex and challenging. We construct cell mimetic environments in which the artificial macromolecules (e.g. polyethylene glycol, Ficoll70) are compartmentalized not in cells but in concentrated environments and agarose gel networks. In this work we have established a system to generate stable and monodisperse droplets of hierarchical confinement. The goal of this study is to measure translational diffusion in crowded and confined geometries of varying concentrations of different macromolecules on diffusion. We have combined the use of pulsed-fieldgradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) in order to obtain new insights in simple model systems of macromolecular crowding. The NMR and SANS techniques complement each other. Using PFG NMR technique, we have monitored the dynamics of synthetic macromolecules with multiple chemical components in complex environments. SANS, on the other hand, yields structure (size) of macromolecules. Our experimental findings in cell mimetic environments provide an important step towards gaining further insights into the effects of macromolecular crowding on diffusion and conformation.

Author: John J. Kasianowicz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402006975
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 46

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Book Description
Polymers are essential to biology because they can have enough stable degrees of freedom to store the molecular code of heredity and to express the sequences needed to manufacture new molecules. Through these they perform or control virtually every function in life. Although some biopolymers are created and spend their entire career in the relatively large free space inside cells or organelles, many biopolymers must migrate through a narrow passageway to get to their targeted destination. This suggests the questions: How does confining a polymer affect its behavior and function? What does that tell us about the interactions between the monomers that comprise the polymer and the molecules that confine it? Can we design and build devices that mimic the functions of these nanoscale systems? The NATO Advanced Research Workshop brought together for four days in Bikal, Hungary over forty experts in experimental and theoretical biophysics, molecular biology, biophysical chemistry, and biochemistry interested in these questions. Their papers collected in this book provide insight on biological processes involving confinement and form a basis for new biotechnological applications using polymers. In his paper Edmund DiMarzio asks: What is so special about polymers? Why are polymers so prevalent in living things? The chemist says the reason is that a protein made of N amino acids can have any of 20 different kinds at each position along the chain, resulting in 20 N different polymers, and that the complexity of life lies in this variety.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Rustem Valiullin
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782621903
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 594

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Book Description
With the increasing role of porous solids in conventional and newly emerging technologies, there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of fluid behaviour confined to pore spaces of these materials especially with regard to their transport properties. From its early years, NMR has been recognized as a powerful experimental technique enabling direct access to this information. In the last two decades, the methodological development of different NMR techniques to assess dynamic properties of adsorbed ensembles has been progressed. This book will report on these recent advances and look at new broader applications in engineering and medicine. Having both academic and industrial relevance, this unique reference will be for specialists working in the research areas and for advanced graduate and postgraduate studies who want information on the versatility of diffusion NMR.

Author: Paul C. Bressloff
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030725154
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 773

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Book Description
This book develops the theory of continuous and discrete stochastic processes within the context of cell biology. In the second edition the material has been significantly expanded, particularly within the context of nonequilibrium and self-organizing systems. Given the amount of additional material, the book has been divided into two volumes, with volume I mainly covering molecular processes and volume II focusing on cellular processes. A wide range of biological topics are covered in the new edition, including stochastic ion channels and excitable systems, molecular motors, stochastic gene networks, genetic switches and oscillators, epigenetics, normal and anomalous diffusion in complex cellular environments, stochastically-gated diffusion, active intracellular transport, signal transduction, cell sensing, bacterial chemotaxis, intracellular pattern formation, cell polarization, cell mechanics, biological polymers and membranes, nuclear structure and dynamics, biological condensates, molecular aggregation and nucleation, cellular length control, cell mitosis, cell motility, cell adhesion, cytoneme-based morphogenesis, bacterial growth, and quorum sensing. The book also provides a pedagogical introduction to the theory of stochastic and nonequilibrium processes – Fokker Planck equations, stochastic differential equations, stochastic calculus, master equations and jump Markov processes, birth-death processes, Poisson processes, first passage time problems, stochastic hybrid systems, queuing and renewal theory, narrow capture and escape, extreme statistics, search processes and stochastic resetting, exclusion processes, WKB methods, large deviation theory, path integrals, martingales and branching processes, numerical methods, linear response theory, phase separation, fluctuation-dissipation theorems, age-structured models, and statistical field theory. This text is primarily aimed at graduate students and researchers working in mathematical biology, statistical and biological physicists, and applied mathematicians interested in stochastic modeling. Applied probabilists should also find it of interest. It provides significant background material in applied mathematics and statistical physics, and introduces concepts in stochastic and nonequilibrium processes via motivating biological applications. The book is highly illustrated and contains a large number of examples and exercises that further develop the models and ideas in the body of the text. It is based on a course that the author has taught at the University of Utah for many years.

Author: Nelson Henry Oliver
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diffusion
Languages : en
Pages : 338

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Author: Luiz Roberto Evangelista
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031181506
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 411

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Book Description
This book provides a contemporary treatment of the problems related to anomalous diffusion and anomalous relaxation. It collects and promotes unprecedented applications dealing with diffusion problems and surface effects, adsorption-desorption phenomena, memory effects, reaction-diffusion equations, and relaxation in constrained structures of classical and quantum processes. The topics covered by the book are of current interest and comprehensive range, including concepts in diffusion and stochastic physics, random walks, and elements of fractional calculus. They are accompanied by a detailed exposition of the mathematical techniques intended to serve the reader as a tool to handle modern boundary value problems. This self-contained text can be used as a reference source for graduates and researchers working in applied mathematics, physics of complex systems and fluids, condensed matter physics, statistical physics, chemistry, chemical and electrical engineering, biology, and many others.

Author: Helene Ratiney
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1394284012
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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Book Description
After a review of the essential concepts of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), The Challenges of MRI presents the recent techniques and methods of MRI and resulting medical applications. These techniques provide access to information that goes well beyond anatomy, with functional, hemodynamic, structural, biomechanical and biochemical information. MRI allows us to probe living organisms in a multitude of ways, guaranteeing the potential for continuous development involving several disciplines: physics, electronics, life sciences, signal processing and medicine. This collective work is made up of chapters written and designed by experts from the French community. They have endeavored to describe the techniques by recalling the underlying physics and detailing the modeling, methods and strategies for acquiring or extracting information. This book is aimed at master’s students and PhD students, as well as lecturers and researchers in medical imaging and radiology.

Author: Salvatore Magazù
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN: 1608052192
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 118

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Book Description
Dynamics of Biological Macromolecules by Neutron Scattering provides insight into the study of the dynamics of biological macromolecules by neutron scattering techniques. The applicability of neutron scattering to expanding fields of biological studies is