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Author: Ang Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Breast
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
In human tissue, the propagation of near-infrared light beyond a depth of 0.5-cm can be modeled as diffusive photons migrating through randomly distributed particles. The exiting photon measurements are highly sensitive to the variation of hemoglobin content and sensitive to water and adipose content. These enable dynamic, noninvasive quantification of the distribution of tissue physiology. In the past two decades, evolving from the development of pulse oximetry, laser Doppler blood-flowmetry, and near infrared spectroscopy, Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) has emerged as a newly established functional imaging modality.
Author: Ang Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Breast
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
In human tissue, the propagation of near-infrared light beyond a depth of 0.5-cm can be modeled as diffusive photons migrating through randomly distributed particles. The exiting photon measurements are highly sensitive to the variation of hemoglobin content and sensitive to water and adipose content. These enable dynamic, noninvasive quantification of the distribution of tissue physiology. In the past two decades, evolving from the development of pulse oximetry, laser Doppler blood-flowmetry, and near infrared spectroscopy, Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) has emerged as a newly established functional imaging modality.
Author: Huabei Jiang
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439847584
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
Written by an authority involved in the field since its nascent stages, Diffuse Optical Tomography: Principles and Applications is a long-awaited profile of a revolutionary imaging method. Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) provides spatial distributions of intrinsic tissue optical properties or molecular contrast agents through model-based reconstruction algorithms using NIR measurements along or near the boundary of tissue. Despite the practical value of DOT, many engineers from electrical or applied mathematics backgrounds do not have a sufficient understanding of its vast clinical applications and portability value, or its uncommon advantages as a tool for obtaining functional, cellular, and molecular parameters. A collection of the author’s research and experience, this book fuses historical perspective and experiential anecdotes with fundamental principles and vital technical information needed to successfully apply this technology—particularly in medical imaging. This reference finally outlines how to use DOT to create experimental image systems and adapt the results of laboratory studies for use in clinical applications including: Early-stage detection of breast tumors and prostate cancer "Real-time" functional brain imaging Joint imaging to treat progressive diseases such as arthritis Monitoring of tumor response New contrast mechanisms and multimodality methods This book covers almost every aspect of DOT—including reconstruction algorithms based on nonlinear iterative Newton methods, instrumentation and calibration methods in both continuous-wave and frequency domains, and important issues of imaging contrast and spatial resolution. It also addresses phantom experiments and the development of various image-enhancing schemes, and it describes reconstruction methods based on contrast agents and fluorescence DOT. Offering a concise description of the particular problems involved in optical tomography, this reference illustrates DOT’s fundamental foundations and the principle of image reconstruction. It thoroughly explores computational methods, forward mathematical models, and inverse strategies, clearly illustrating solutions to key equations.
Author: Liam Hywel Collins Jones
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Fred S. Azar
Publisher: Artech House
ISBN: 1596933089
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 431
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Book Description
Supported with 119 illustrations, this milestone work discusses key optical imaging techniques in self-contained chapters; describes the integration of optical imaging techniques with other modalities like MRI, X-ray imaging, and PET imaging; provides a software platform for multimodal integration; presents cutting-edge computational and data processing techniques that ensure rapid, cost-effective, and precise quantification and characterization of the clinical data; covers advances in photodynamic therapy and molecular imaging, and reviews key clinical studies in optical imaging along with regulatory and business issues.
Author: Kit Newton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
Many problems arising in the sciences and engineering require solving an inverse problem, measuring data and inferring the model parameters using the collected information. However, often the available data does not have enough information to uniquely or stably reconstruct the parameters, making the problem ill-posed. We study ill-posedness in the context of optical tomography, a medical imaging technique that uses light to probe tissue structure. Experimentally, light is sent into biological tissue, and the outgoing light intensity on the surface of the material is measured in order to reconstruct the optical properties of the tissue. In the regime of high-energy light, the light scatters infrequently, and the radiative transfer equation ("RTE'') is used as the underlying model. Optical tomography in this regime is mathematically represented as inverting the so-called albedo operator, which maps the incoming light to the outgoing light intensity. This process is proved to be well-posed, in the sense that the information collected uniquely and stably reconstructs the optical parameter in the RTE. In the regime of low-energy light, the light scatters frequently, and the diffusion equation ("DE'') is a good approximation. Mathematically, the Dirichlet-to-Neumann ("DtN'') operator maps the light incoming to the tissue to the light current on the surface of the tissue. Inverting this map to learn the tissue's properties is known as the Calderon problem, which is ill-posed, in the sense that the reconstruction of the optical parameter is unstable. As the energy of the photons decreases and the scattering increases, it is shown that the RTE and DE are asymptotically equivalent in the low-energy regime. The procedue that asymptotically connects the two equations is called the diffusion limit. Since inverting the albedo operator is a well-posed problem, whereas inverting the DtN map is ill-posed, the well-posedness must deteriorate in the diffusion limit. In the Bayesian framework, the solution to an inverse problem is seen as the distribution of possible parameters. In the diffusion limit, the distribution based on the RTE converges to the distribution based on the DE. We rigorously prove this convergence in both Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Hellinger distance. Numerically, using this convergence, we develop a two-stage Markov chain Monte Carlo ("MCMC'') method that leverages the diffusion limit to improve the efficiency of sampling from the distribution based on the RTE. Upon linearization and discretization, inverse problems are represented as a matrix equation Ax ≈ b, where A [epsilon] R^(n x p) arises from the PDE and b [epsilon] R^n is the data. The matrix A is semi-infinite, with n representing the infinite number of measurements required on the boundary, and p finite. A common way to find x is to formulate a least-squares ("LS'') problem min_x, ||Ax-b||_2. In practice, only finitely many experimental data can be obtained to infer a finite dimensional parameter, meaning the number of constraints in A and the number of data points in b is finite. The question in reality is how to choose finitely many data points that are as informative as possible. We use random sketching to study this problem: we find a "sketching matrix'' S, so that SAx - Sb approximates Ax-b. However, when the LS problem arises from an inverse problem with a PDE as the underlying model (called "PDE-based inverse problems''), such as optical tomography and the Calderon problem, then the matrix A has a special tensor structure, which must be accounted for in the design of S. In this thesis, we display two structures of S suitable for use in PDE-based inverse problems, and give a lower bound on the number of necessary rows in S that is independent of the number of measurements n.
Author: Arlen D. Meyers
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814295418
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Ch. 1. The optical detection of cancer: an introduction / Toby Steele and Arlen Meyers -- ch. 2. Optical coherence tomography in oral cancer / Shahareh Sabet and Petra Wilder-Smith -- ch. 3. Optical coherence tomography in laryngeal cancer / Marcel Kraft and Christoph Arens -- ch. 4. Fluorescence imaging of the upper aerodigestive tract / Christian Stephan Betz, Andreas Leunig and Christoph Arens -- ch. 5. Photodynamic diagnosis and photodynamic therapy techniques / Zheng Huang -- ch. 6. OCT detection of lung cancer / S. Murgu and M. Brenner -- ch. 7. Diffuse optical spectroscopy and imaging in breast cancer / Albert E. Cerussi and Bruce J. Tromberg -- ch. 8. OCT for skin cancer / Gordon McKenzie and Adam Meekings
Author: Ruixin Jiang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Book Description
Diffuse Optical Tomography has drawn more and more interests in the biomedical field over the recent couple of decades due to its ability to noninvasively recover not only tissue structural information but also functional and molecular properties. The contrasts that optical parameters could demonstrate in DOT are usually higher than those of the conventional methods. Based on these contrasts, different approaches had been developed applying DOT for imaging, and so far lots of efforts were spent on detecting breast cancer by imaging tissue absorption and scattering coefficients as well as hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation level. In this work, we tried to expand the ability of DOT in breast cancer detection by introducing Phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography (PCDOT). PCDOT uses near-infrared diffusing light to non-invasively reconstruct tissue refractive index (RI) distribution. RI depends on the tissue's physical and chemical properties and previous study revealed that it might serve as a promising imaging parameter in breast cancer detection. We've first developed a 2-step method to improve the PCDOT image both qualitatively and quantitatively at single-wavelength; then we've introduced a multispectral PCDOT algorithm to more efficiently reconstruct RI simultaneously with other tissue functional parameters and attempted to improve this algorithm by different structural regularization methods.
Author: Ralph Weissleder
Publisher: PMPH-USA
ISBN: 9781607950059
Category : Diagnostic imaging
Languages : en
Pages : 1384
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Book Description
The field of molecular imaging of living subjects have evolved considerably and have seen spectacular advances in chemistry, engineering and biomedical applications. This textbook was designed to fill the need for an authoritative source for this multi-disciplinary field. We have been fortunate to recruit over 80 leading authors contributing 75 individual chapters. Given the multidisciplinary nature of the field, the book is broken into six different sections: "Molecular Imaging technologies", "Chemistry", "Molecular Imaging in Cell and Molecular Biology", "Applications of Molecular Imaging", "Molecular Imaging in Drug Evaluation" with the final section comprised of chapters on computation, bioinformatics and modeling. The organization of this large amount of information is logical and strives to avoid redundancies among chapters. It encourages the use of figures to illustrate concepts and to provide numerous molecular imaging examples.
Author: Murad Mohsen Althobaiti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Mia K. Markey
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1439875464
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
Due to the increasing number of digital mammograms and the advent of new kinds of three-dimensional x-ray and other forms of medical imaging, mammography is undergoing a dramatic change. To meet their responsibilities, medical physicists must constantly renew their knowledge of advances in medical imaging or radiation therapy, and must be prepared
