Development of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems Using Biodegradable Polymers PDF Download
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Author: Andrea Haesslein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Andrea Haesslein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Atish S Mundada
Publisher: Smithers Rapra
ISBN: 1847355641
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
The eye is the most easily accessible site for topical administration of a medication. Drugs are commonly applied to the eye for localised action on the surface or in the interior of the eye. A major problem in ocular therapeutics is the attainment of an optimal drug concentration at the site of action. Poor bioavailability of drugs from ocular dosage forms is mainly due to the precorneal loss factors which include tear dynamics, non-productive absorption, transient residence time in the cul-de-sac, and the relative impermeability of the corneal epithelial membrane. Due to these physiological and anatomical constraints only a small fraction of the drug, effectively 1% or even less of the instilled dose is ocularly absorbed. The effective dose of medication administered ophthalmically may be altered by increasing the retention time of medication in contact with the surface of the eye. To date, Pharmaceutical Technologists have tried to develop different novel formulations like gel, ocular inserts, collagen shields, implants, liposomes, nanoparticles, penetration enhancers and in-situ gelling systems, in order to increase the bioavailability and duration of the therapeutic action of ocular drugs and polymers plays an important role in all these approaches. This book provides detailed information regarding all such polymers which have been used and shown to be excellent in improving the bioavailability of ocular drugs.
Author: Deepak Thassu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439848009
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 477
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Book Description
Drug discovery for ocular diseases has taken great strides in the last two decades. From cornea to choroid, new drugs have been formulated to address a great variety of ocular diseases. Yet without good drug delivery systems, these drugs are less effective than they might be or could even cause serious side effects. Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Barriers and Application of Nanoparticulate Systems presents research on the development of currently marketed devices and recent trends in the topical delivery of drugs to the posterior of the eye. With contributions from leading pharmaceutical researchers and industry experts, eye researchers, surgeons, pharmacologists from academia, the National Eye Institute, and leading ophthalmic companies such as Pfizer, Allergan, and Novartis, the book presents the state of the art in the use of nanoparticles in ocular drug delivery systems and also sets the stage for future developments. This volume provides both a current evaluation and a future roadmap for developments in ocular drug delivery. The subjects range from biological needs to material challenges and finally to clinical applications for improving drug delivery for conditions where treatments already exist. It also explores areas where effective drugs may be currently available but yet need a safe, efficient, and efficacious delivery vehicle.
Author: Glen S. Kwon
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824725327
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 680
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Book Description
Emphasizing four major classes of polymers for drug delivery-water-soluble polymers, hydrogels, biodegradable polymers, and polymer assemblies-this reference surveys efforts to adapt, modify, and tailor polymers for challenging molecules such as poorly water-soluble compounds, peptides/proteins, and plasmid DNA.
Author: Ambikanandan Misra
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128226684
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 594
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Book Description
Applications of Polymers in Drug Delivery, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive resource for anyone looking to understand how polymeric materials can be applied to current, new, and emerging drug delivery applications. Polymers play a crucial role in modulating drug delivery and have been fundamental in the successful development of many novel drug delivery systems. This book describes the development of polymeric systems, ranging from conventional dosage forms to the most recent smart systems. Regulatory and intellectual property aspects as well as the clinical applicability of polymeric drug delivery systems are also discussed. The chapters are organized by specific delivery route, offering methodical and detailed coverage throughout. This second edition has been thoroughly revised to include the latest developments in the field. This is an essential book for researchers, scientists, and advanced students, in polymer science, drug delivery, pharmacology/pharmaceuticals, materials science, tissue engineering, nanomedicine, chemistry, and biology. In industry, this book supports scientists, R&D, and other professionals, working on polymers for drug delivery applications. Explains how polymers can be prepared and utilized for all major drug delivery routes Presents the latest advances, including drug targeting, polymeric micelles and polymersomes, and the delivery of biologicals and nucleic acid therapeutics Includes appendices with in-depth information on pharmaceutical properties of polymers and regulatory aspects
Author: Yashwant Pathak
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331929346X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 631
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Book Description
This consolidated reference book addresses the various aspects of nano biomaterials used in ophthalmic drug delivery, including their characterization, interactions with ophthalmic system and applications in treatments of the ophthalmic diseases and disorders. In the last decade, a significant growth in polymer sciences, nanotechnology and biotechnology has resulted in the development of new nano- and bioengineered nano-bio-materials. These are extensively explored as drug delivery carriers as well as for implantable devices and scaffolds. At the interface between nanomaterials and biological systems, the organic and synthetic worlds merge into a new science concerned with the safe use of nanotechnology and nano material design for biological applications. For this field to evolve, there is a need to understand the dynamic forces and molecular components that shape these interactions. While it is impossible to describe with certainty all the bio physicochemical interactions at play at the interface, we are at a point where the pockets of assembled knowledge are providing a conceptual framework to guide this exploration, and review the impact on future product development. The book is intended as a valuable resource for academics and pharmaceutical scientists working in the field of polymers, polymers materials for drug delivery, drug delivery systems and ophthalmic drug delivery systems, in addition to medical and health care professionals in these areas.
Author: Richard T. Addo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319476912
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
The eye is a computerized system that has been designed for self-defense, and these defense mechanisms create challenges in administration of medications to the eye. Therefore, ocular drug delivery has been a major challenge to drug delivery researchers. There are on-going studies, in search of treatment especially for the diseases affecting the posterior segment of the eye. This book gives and overview of the background of ocular drug delivery and is unique for pharmacists, medical practitioners, students and drug delivery researchers.
Author: Shengyan Liu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Drug delivery systems
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Common eye diseases such as dry eye syndrome affect 15% of the population. Although eye drops are the most common treatment for these diseases, over 95% of the drugs applied through eye drops are quickly cleared away due to blinking and tear turnover. Consequently, patients struggle with the multiple daily applications required and the resulting side effects. Nanoparticle (NP) drug carriers have gained significant traction recently because of several advantages they provide over conventional eye drop delivery methods. NP surfaces can be tuned to achieve specific properties such as binding affinity towards the ocular surface. NPs can also carry a large amount of drugs and release them in a sustained manner over a long period. Due to their small size, NPs do not cause abrasive sensations on the eye upon patient application. With these unique advantages, NP drug carriers may drastically improve patient compliance while reducing side effects. The thesis focuses on developing an ocular drug delivery platform using NPs to improve retention of ocular therapeutics on the precorneal surface. We developed a method to synthesize an amphiphilic block copolymer composed of poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) and dextran (Dex) that can self-assemble into NP drug carriers. The size of the NPs can be tuned between 15 and 70 nm by adjusting the molecular weights of PLA and/or Dex. The PLA-b-Dex NPs form the foundation of the ocular drug delivery platform developed in this thesis. A targeted delivery system is crucial for ocular drug delivery due to the rapid clearance by tear drainage on the corneal surface. The PLA-b-Dex NPs were surface modified with phenylboronic acid (PBA) molecules, which can undergo covalent binding with the mucous membrane to circumvent the rapid clearance. Due to the abundance of functional groups on the dextran, we were able to tune the density of PBA on the NP surface to optimize the binding affinity between the NPs and the mucin. While maximizing the PBA density on the NP surface improved the covalent interaction between the NPs and the mucin, it also compromised the NP colloidal stability. The PBA modified NPs demonstrated encapsulation of Cyclosporine A (CsA), a dry eye treatment drug, and sustained release for up to 5 days in vitro, showing their potential as a long-term eye drop delivery platform. We then performed biocompatibility and efficacy studies on these NPs using animal models. Biocompatibility is of the utmost importance in developing new drug delivery formulations. During the 12 weeks of study, no physical signs of irritation or discomfort were detected nor was any inflammatory response or ocular tissue damage observed in the eyes administered with NPs. Topical administration of CsA-loaded NPs on dry eye induced mice using once a week dosing demonstrated complete elimination of the inflammatory response as well as full recovery of the integrity of the ocular tissues. In the same study, the commercial eye drop form of CsA, Restasis®, administered thrice daily only eliminated the inflammatory infiltrates without recovering ocular goblet cells. By delivering CsA through PLA-b-Dex-g-PBA NPs, we can significantly reduce the dose and the frequency of eye drop administration without compromising the treatment efficacy. In vitro mucoadhesion as a result of PBA's on NP surfaces was demonstrated. We proceeded to further demonstrate this mucoadhesion using in vivo models. Indocyanine green (ICG), a near-infrared fluorescent dye, was encapsulated in the NPs and administered to rabbit eyes to track its ocular retention. ICG delivered via PBA modified NPs showed ocular retention beyond 24 hours on rabbit eyes, whereas free ICG or ICG delivered via unmodified NPs were mostly cleared within the first 3 hours. When the weekly dosing of CsA loaded PLA-b-Dex-g-PBA NPs was repeated for 4 weeks on dry eye induced mice, we observed the same elimination of inflammatory infiltrates but also the damaged ocular tissue structures. When the concentration of the CsA in the weekly dosing of NPs was further reduced 5 times, the treatment effect was much more pronounced, showing both the elimination of the inflammation and the full recovery of the ocular surface tissues. Overall, by using mucoadhesive nanoparticle drug carriers, we reduced the dosage of CsA at least 50-fold compared with the commercial product, Restasis®, without compromising the dry eye treatment efficacy. Finally, we developed a scalable method to synthesize PLA-b-Dex-g-PBA block copolymers using a semi-solid state reaction chemistry. The previous method of conjugating PBA to the Dex required long reaction hours with multiple reaction and purification steps. In contrast, the new method combines the quickness of a semi-solid state reaction with the simplicity of a Williamson ether chemistry to graft PBA to Dex. The results showed that the new method achieved a similar range of tunability of PBA density onto Dex using reaction times as short as 10 minutes. This thesis demonstrates the development process of a polymeric NP as a topical ocular drug delivery system. The PLA-b-Dex-g-PBA NPs demonstrated delivery of a clinically relevant dosage of dry eye therapeutics, controlled release of therapeutics over prolonged period of time, and mucoadhesive properties resulting in prolonged ocular surface retention of drugs. These mucoadhesive NPs show remarkable promise as a long-term topical ocular drug delivery system that significantly reduces the dose and the administration frequency of the eye drops while minimizing side effects.
Author: Manish Kumar
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346902722
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
Academic Paper from the year 2023 in the subject Medicine - Pharmacology, Pharmacy, , course: M.Pharmacy, language: English, abstract: Ocular drug delivery plays a vital role in the treatment of various eye diseases and conditions. The unique anatomical and physiological characteristics of the eye pose significant challenges for effective drug delivery. Over the years, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to developing innovative strategies and formulations to overcome these challenges and improve therapeutic outcomes. This review provides an overview of recent advances in ocular drug delivery, highlighting the key challenges faced and discussing the potential future directions in this field. The first section of the review focuses on the barriers to ocular drug delivery, including the tear film, cornea, conjunctiva, and blood-ocular barriers. These barriers limit the bioavailability and efficacy of drugs administered to the eye. Strategies to bypass or overcome these barriers, such as the use of penetration enhancers, nanoparticles, and prodrug approaches, are discussed. The second section explores various ocular drug delivery systems, including eye drops, ophthalmic gels, ocular inserts, and contact lens-based delivery systems. Each system is examined in terms of its advantages, limitations, and recent advancements. Special attention is given to sustained drug release systems that aim to prolong drug residence time on the ocular surface and improve patient compliance. Next, the review delves into the role of nanotechnology in ocular drug delivery. Nanoparticles, liposomes, and nanomicelles have shown promise in improving drug solubility, stability, and ocular bioavailability. The use of novel nanomaterials and their surface modifications for targeted drug delivery to specific ocular tissues is also discussed. Furthermore, the review highlights emerging techniques in ocular drug delivery, such as microneedles, hydrogels, and gene therapy-based approaches. These technologies offer exciting prospects for precise and personalized treatment of ocular diseases. Finally, the review concludes by discussing the regulatory considerations, safety aspects, and clinical translation of ocular drug delivery systems. The importance of collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and regulatory bodies in advancing this field is emphasized.
Author: Ashim K. Mitra
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780367446765
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 847
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Book Description
The second edition of this text assembles significant ophthalmic advances and encompasses breakthroughs in gene therapy, ocular microdialysis, vitreous drug disposition modelling, and receptor/transporter targeted drug delivery.
