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Author: Alan Omar Burts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
Developing a modular synthetic route to a combinatorial library of functional nanoparticles for applications like drug delivery is one of the main interests of our group. To this end, we have envisioned a novel nanoparticle architecture called a brush-arm star polymer (BASP), which has polymer brushes on the periphery shielding the core. Such nanoparticles were synthesized by, first, "graft-through" ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a norbornene-macromonomer to create the brush-arms, and second, cross-linking the arms with a bis-norbornene cross-linker to afford star polymers via the "arm-first" star polymer method. Functionality can be installed into the macromonomer (MM) or crosslinker preand post-polymerization. We took advantage of the highly efficient third-generation Grubbs catalyst to polymerize a polyethylene glycol (PEG) macromonomer (MM) and a bisnorbornene nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (NBOC) photocleavable cross-linker to cross-link the brush-arms, which led to low-dispersity (Đ /=1.23) core-degradable BASPs. Controlled degradation of these star polymers was achieved by UV irradiation (365 nm). Next, a novel branched norbornene-polystyrene (PS)-polylactide (PLA)-MM was used to create pseudo-alternating copolymers and miktoarm-BASPs. Transmission electron miscroscopy (TEM) of these star polymers revealed nanoparticles with segregated domains. Also, new cross-linkers were explored containing two different bis-norbornene reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) agents. A more flexible RAFT initiator crosslinker led to high-dispersity (Đ \=1.52) BASPs, while the more rigid RAFT initiator crosslinker led to low-dispersity (Đ
Author: Alan Omar Burts
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
Developing a modular synthetic route to a combinatorial library of functional nanoparticles for applications like drug delivery is one of the main interests of our group. To this end, we have envisioned a novel nanoparticle architecture called a brush-arm star polymer (BASP), which has polymer brushes on the periphery shielding the core. Such nanoparticles were synthesized by, first, "graft-through" ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a norbornene-macromonomer to create the brush-arms, and second, cross-linking the arms with a bis-norbornene cross-linker to afford star polymers via the "arm-first" star polymer method. Functionality can be installed into the macromonomer (MM) or crosslinker preand post-polymerization. We took advantage of the highly efficient third-generation Grubbs catalyst to polymerize a polyethylene glycol (PEG) macromonomer (MM) and a bisnorbornene nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (NBOC) photocleavable cross-linker to cross-link the brush-arms, which led to low-dispersity (Đ /=1.23) core-degradable BASPs. Controlled degradation of these star polymers was achieved by UV irradiation (365 nm). Next, a novel branched norbornene-polystyrene (PS)-polylactide (PLA)-MM was used to create pseudo-alternating copolymers and miktoarm-BASPs. Transmission electron miscroscopy (TEM) of these star polymers revealed nanoparticles with segregated domains. Also, new cross-linkers were explored containing two different bis-norbornene reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) agents. A more flexible RAFT initiator crosslinker led to high-dispersity (Đ \=1.52) BASPs, while the more rigid RAFT initiator crosslinker led to low-dispersity (Đ
Author: Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0128136286
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 769
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Book Description
Design and Development of New Nanocarriers focuses on the design and development of new nanocarriers used in pharmaceutical applications that have emerged in recent years. In particular, the pharmaceutical uses of microfluidic techniques, supramolecular design of nanocapsules, smart hydrogels, polymeric micelles, exosomes and metal nanoparticles are discussed in detail. Written by a diverse group of international researchers, this book is a valuable reference resource for those working in both biomaterials science and the pharmaceutical industry. Shows how nanomanufacturing techniques can help to create more effective, cheaper pharmaceutical products Explores how nanofabrication techniques developed in the lab have been translated to commercial applications in recent years Explains safety and regulatory aspects of the use of nanomanufacturing processes in the pharmaceutical industry
Author: Angela Xiaodi Gao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Book Description
Polymeric materials are ubiquitous in numerous facets of everyday life, and their applications will only become increasingly prevalent as the field of polymer science advances. The first chapter of this thesis describes the use of polymeric nanoparticles to overcome challenges in traditional drug delivery. Specifically, a series of novel acid-cleavable bisnorbornene crosslinkers were synthesized and evaluated as building blocks for the formation of acid-degradable brush-arm star polymers (BASPs) via the brush-first ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) method. A bis-norbornene acetal structure was identified that, when employed in conjunction with a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromonomer, provided highly controlled BASP formation reactions. Combination of this new crosslinker with a novel acid-labile doxorubicin (DOX)-branch-PEG macromonomer provided BASPs that simultaneously degrade and release DOX in cell culture. In vitro cell viability studies using HeLa cells confirmed that these constructs are cytotoxic. Even though polymeric materials have found widespread use in current times, polymer science must overcome certain challenges to contend with the needs of next-generation technologies. In particular, newer polymer applications require the use of macromolecules with precisely defined structure and degree of polymerization--challenges that synthetic polymer chemistry has yet to conquer. The second chapter of this thesis describes a novel synthetic methodology (IEG+) that gives polymers with defined molar mass and sequence using synthetic procedures that are precise, scalable, and amenable to diversification. The IEG+ method utilized monomers equipped with orthogonal protecting groups: epoxides and alkynyl silanes. The epoxide functionality served both as a protecting group and as a masked synthon for alcohols, which allowed for side-chain functionalization of the IEG+ scaffold. Combing R- and Smonomers afforded complete stereochemical control of the IEG backbone. Oligomers of unimolecular molar mass and precise chemical structure were successfully prepared.
Author: Christine Vauthier
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319414216
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 649
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Book Description
This volume serves as a valuable handbook for the development of nanomedicines made of polymer nanoparticles because it provides researchers, students, and entrepreneurs with all the material necessary to begin their own projects in this field. Readers will find protocols to prepare polymer nanoparticles using different methods, since these are based on the variety of experiences that experts encounter in the field. In addition, complex topics such as, the optimal characterization of polymer nanoparticles is discussed, as well as practical guidelines on how to formulate polymer nanoparticles into nanomedicines, and how to modify the properties of nanoparticles to give them the different functionalities required to become an efficient nanomedicine for different clinical applications. The book also discusses the translation of technology from research to practice, considering aspects related to industrialization of preparation and aspects of regulatory and clinical development.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
Author: Vikas Mittal
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781439814437
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Polymer latex particles continue to become increasingly important in numerous commercial applications. Advanced synthesis techniques are the key to developing new functionality for nanoparticles. These methods make it possible to tailor the size, chemical composition, or properties of these particles, as well as the molecular weight of the polymer chain as a whole, based on given requirements. Advanced Polymer Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Surface Modifications summarizes important developments in the advanced synthesis and surface modification techniques used to generate and mold polymer particles. This book explores the evolution and enhancement of processes such as emulsion, mini-emulsion, micro-emulsion, dispersion, suspension, inverse emulsion (in organic phase), and polymerization. Understanding these developments will enable the reader to optimize particle system design, giving rise to a greater application spectrum. This book: Focuses on synthesis and characterization of particles with core-shell morphologies Details generation of nonspherical polymer particles using different synthetic routes Explores generation of specific architectures, such as block, star, graft, and gradient copolymer particles The authors describe pH-responsive nanoparticles and smart, thermally responsive particles. They also cover surface tailoring of various organic and inorganic nanoparticles by polymers, as well as theoretical studies on the kinetics of controlled radical polymerization techniques. Condensing and evaluating current knowledge of the development of polymer nanoparticles, this reference will prove a valuable addition to the area of polymer latex technology.
Author: Yuran Huang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
The interfaces with micro/nanostructures in nature play important roles to bring in specific functions, which inspired and drove the development of novel nanostructures, including inorganic nanoparticles and organic nanoparticles. Among them, polymeric nanoparticles have been widely explored to programming interfaces because of the precise controlling in synthesis of polymers. Ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) is a unique polymerization technique, which can incorporate versatile functional groups, tunable composition (hydrophobicity, molecular weight), and stimuli-responsiveness to endow various functionalities for the polymers, which have been explored for different application areas. In our research, we focused on designing and synthesizing multifunctional ROMP-based polymeric materials programming interfaces for different applications. For Chapter 2, we describe amphiphilic tri-block copolymers containing FeIII-catecholate complexes formulated as spherical- or cylindrical-shaped micellar nanoparticles (SMN and CMN respectively) as new T1-weighted agents with high relaxivity, low cytotoxicity, and long-term stability in biological fluids. Relaxivities of both SMN and CMN exceed those of established gadolinium chelates across a wide range of magnetic field strengths. Interestingly, shape-dependent behavior was observed in terms of the particles' interactions with HeLa cells, with CMN exhibiting enhanced uptake and contrast via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with SMN. These results suggest that control over soft nanoparticle shape will provide an avenue for optimization of particle based contrast agents as biodiagnostics. We propose those polycatechol nanoparticles as suitable for pre-clinical investigations into their viability as gadolinium-free, safe and effective imaging agents for MRI contrast enhancement. For Chapter 3, we describe a method for the stabilization of low-boiling point (low-bp) perfluorocarbons (PFCs) at physiological temperatures by an amphiphilic triblock copolymer which can emulsify PFCs and be crosslinked. After UV-induced thiol-ene crosslinking, the core of the PFC emulsion remains in liquid form even at temperatures exceeding their boiling points. Critically, the formulation permits vaporization at rarefactional pressures relevant for clinical ultrasound. For Chapter 4, liquid crystals confined within micrometer-scale domains have been explored as the basis of a wide range of field- and stimuli-responsive materials for use in technologies spanning from biological sensors to electro-optical devices. We aim to build up a versatile stimuli-responsive polymeric surfactant to modulate the orientation of liquid crystal microdroplets. By incorporated different types of cleavable linkers into this system, we are able to endow versatile stimuli-responsiveness (UV, Redox, pH, ROS) in order to adapt to different certain circumstances. We proved that those cleavable linker-contained homopolymers were able to emulsify with liquid crystal droplets and generate radial configuration. Then, by introducing specific stimuli, the linker will be cleaved and the homopolymer will be disassembled from the surface, then the configurations of liquid crystal droplets will change into bipolar. This work will provide fundamental information for designing a stimuli-responsive ROMP-based polymeric system, and it is promising to utilize this system as biosensor to detect some specific behaviors. For Chapter 5, we prepared melanin-like nanoparticles (MelNPs) via spontaneous oxidation of dopamine, as biocompatible, synthetic analogues of naturally occurring melanosomes, and investigated their uptake, transport, distribution, and UV-protective capabilities in human keratinocytes. Critically, we demonstrate that MelNPs are endocytosed, undergo perinuclear aggregation, and form a supranuclear cap, or so-called microparasol in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa), mimicking the behavior of natural melananosomes in terms of cellular distribution and the fact that they serve to protect the cells from UV damage.
Author: Vikas Mittal
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439814449
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Polymer latex particles continue to become increasingly important in numerous commercial applications. Advanced synthesis techniques are the key to developing new functionality for nanoparticles. These methods make it possible to tailor the size, chemical composition, or properties of these particles, as well as the molecular weight of the polymer
Author: Nico Bruns
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1782626662
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 613
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Book Description
Many key aspects of life are based on naturally occurring polymers, such as polysaccharides, proteins and DNA. Unsurprisingly, their molecular functionalities, macromolecular structures and material properties are providing inspiration for designing new polymeric materials with specific functions, for example, responsive, adaptive and self-healing materials. Bio-inspired Polymers covers all aspects of the subject, ranging from the synthesis of novel polymers, to structure-property relationships, materials with advanced properties and applications of bio-inspired polymers in such diverse fields as drug delivery, tissue engineering, optical materials and lightweight structural materials. Written and edited by leading experts on the topic, the book provides a comprehensive review and essential graduate level text on bio-inspired polymers for biochemists, materials scientists and chemists working in both industry and academia.
Author: Kishore Natte
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783981536072
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 99
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Book Description
