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Author: Frank Murphy Melsheimer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Frank Murphy Melsheimer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Marc de Piolenc
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 0359104908
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Author: Robert Schlaifer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 784
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Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309440998
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 123
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Book Description
The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.
Author: Kent McKean Cooper
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Author: Bartomeu Pericás Salom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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In recent years, the interest in developing aircrafts with VTOL characteristics like helicopters has increased. Initially, these aircrafts were thought to provide a service, like rescue missions. However, this idea has evolved to small aircrafts which can replace the use of cars in the future. Moreover, electric motors and batteries have had a fast evolution in the last years and they are called to be the future technology. Combining these two basic ideas, the appearance of light electric aircrafts flying our skies seems only a matter of time. In this situation, the E-Project appeared. The idea is to develop a light electric aircraft with VTOL features with a propulsive system composed by ducted fans or free propellers. Ducted fans might play an important role in the project. The increase in the static thrust generated or in the safety are only a few properties that can make the ducted fans the proper propulsion system to fit the necessities of these new aircrafts. Furthermore, with a system of vanes the flux can be oriented towards the desirable part of the wing. Due to these properties, aircrafts with ducted fans were thought to be a replacement of the helicopters, therefore some projects appeared along the 50s and 60s. However, they never reached the performance of helicopters and they lost performance comparing to contemporary aircrafts, hence some projects were cancelled. Technology has evolved and some projects which study the use of ducted fans in aircrafts have appeared again. And the results are encouraging. Therefore, it is a good idea to study ducted fans as a possible propulsion system for a light aircraft. This study wants to report the performance of ducted fans applied for VTOL aircrafts. Therefore, a research about the background and the state of the art of this technology is an important point to start with. Later, a physics explanation of the problem including a brief description of the basic parameters of a ducted fan will be done. It is important to understand how these parameters explained herein affect to the performance of a ducted fan. In order to make this, different experiments extracted from studies will be exposed. With these information, a study of possible configurations will be done, to choose those that could be interesting for the E-Project.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781721600175
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Tilting ducted fans present a solution for the lifting and forward flight propulsion requirements of VTOL aircraft. However, the geometry of the duct enshrouding the propeller has great a effect on the efficiency of the fan in various flight modes. Shroud geometry controls the velocity and pressure at the face of the fan, while maintaining a finite loading out at the tips of the fan blades. A duct tailored for most efficient generation of static lifting thrust will generally suffer from performance deficiencies in forward flight. The converse is true as well, leaving the designer with a difficult trade affecting the overall performance and sizing of the aircraft. Ideally, the shroud of a vertical lifting fan features a generous bell mouth inlet promoting acceleration of flow into the face of the fan, and terminating in a converging nozzle at the exit. Flow entering the inlet is accelerated into the fan by the circulation about the shroud, resulting in an overall increase in thrust compared to an open propeller operating under the same conditions . The accelerating shroud design is often employed in lifting ducted fans to benefit from the thrust augmentation; however, such shroud designs produce significant drag penalties in axial flight, thus are unsuitable for efficient forward flight applications. Decelerating, or diffusing, duct designs are employed for higher speed forward flight configurations. The lower circulation on the shroud tends to decelerate the flow into the face of the fan, which is detrimental to static thrust development; however, net thrust is developed on the shroud while the benefits of finite blade loading are retained. With judicious shroud design for intended flight speeds, a net increase in efficiency can be obtained over an open propeller. In this experiment, conducted under contract to NASA LaRC (contract NAG-1-02093) circulation control is being applied to a mildly diffusing shroud design, intended for improved forward flight performance,
Author: Dennis J. Eichenberg
Publisher: BiblioGov
ISBN: 9781289234645
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
The NASA John H. Glenn Research Center has developed a revolutionary 32 in. diameter Levitated Ducted Fan (LDF) conceptual design. The objective of this work is to develop a viable non-contact propulsion system utilizing Halbach arrays for all-electric flight, and many other applications. This concept will help to reduce harmful emissions, reduce the Nation s dependence on fossil fuels, and mitigate many of the concerns and limitations encountered in conventional aircraft propulsors. The physical layout consists of a ducted fan drum rotor with blades attached at the outer diameter and supported by a stress tuner ring at the inner diameter. The rotor is contained within a stator. This concept exploits the unique physical dimensions and large available surface area to optimize a custom, integrated, electromagnetic system that provides both the levitation and propulsion functions. The rotor is driven by modulated electromagnetic fields between the rotor and the stator. When set in motion, the time varying magnetic fields interact with passive coils in the stator assembly to produce repulsive forces between the stator and the rotor providing magnetic suspension. LDF can provide significant improvements in aviation efficiency, reliability, and safety, and has potential application in ultra-efficient motors, computers, and space power systems.
Author: Jean L Broge
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN: 0768084172
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Aviation propulsion development continues to rely upon fossil fuels for the vast majority of commercial and military applications. Until these fuels are depleted or abandoned, burning them will continue to jeopardize air quality and provoke increased regulation. With those challenges in mind, research and development of more efficient and electric propulsion systems will expand. Fuel-cell technology is but one example that addresses such emission and resource challenges, and others, including negligible acoustic emissions and the potential to leverage current infrastructure models. For now, these technologies are consigned to smaller aircraft applications, but are expected to mature toward use in larger aircraft. Additionally, measures such as electric/conventional hybrid configurations will ultimately increase efficiencies and knowledge of electric systems while minimizing industrial costs. Requirements for greater flight time, stealth characteristics, and thrust-to-power ratios adds urgency to the development of efficient propulsion methods for applications such as UAVs, which looks to technologies such as asymmetrical capacitors to enhance electric propulsion efficiency. This book will take the reader through various technologies that will enable a more-electric aircraft future, as well as design methods and certification requirements of more-electric engines.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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