Development of an Interactive Model for Studying Aerosol-climate Interactions Using the Canadian Aerosol Module---Canadian Climate Center General Circulation Model Modeling Framework PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Development of an Interactive Model for Studying Aerosol-climate Interactions Using the Canadian Aerosol Module---Canadian Climate Center General Circulation Model Modeling Framework PDF full book. Access full book title Development of an Interactive Model for Studying Aerosol-climate Interactions Using the Canadian Aerosol Module---Canadian Climate Center General Circulation Model Modeling Framework by Tarek Ayash. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Tarek Ayash
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494393840
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 410
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Canadian Aerosol Module (CAM) was developed for simulating the atmospheric cycling of aerosols, with the Third Generation Canadian Climate Center General Circulation Model (CCC GCM III) as its climatological driver. By accounting dynamically for the direct radiative interactions of the CAM-simulated aerosols in the CCC GCM III, a model framework for simulating aerosol-climate interactions is established. This is realized by developing and integrating a more-accurate radiative transfer code for solar radiation computations, and another code for computing the optical parameters of aerosols. Model simulations using the radiative transfer code, which is developed based on the delta-four-stream (DFS) method, reveal significant changes in the GCM solar flux computations compared to the original scheme that uses less-accurate two-stream parameterization methods. Monthly-zonal averages of differences in the modeled fluxes are within 2 W m-2 for clear-sky and 10 W m-2 for whole-sky fluxes, with these differences exceeding 20 and -30 W m-2, respectively. The aerosol climatology and optical properties simulated by the established model framework are validated by comparison to observational data of aerosol surface concentration, sun-photometer, satellite, and lidar measurements. Fairly good agreement is found between modeled and measured aerosol optical properties. However, the validation suggests possible shortcomings in the simulated seasonal peaks and coarse-mode fractions of soil-dust aerosols, carbonaceous aerosol emissions and atmospheric loading of organic-carbon aerosols. The established model framework is applied to study the radiative effects of the two natural aerosol species, soil dust and sea salt. Modeled direct radiative effect of soil dust ( -0.60 to -0.82 W m-2, top-of-atmosphere global-annual mean) suggests a stronger overall cooling than estimates by other models ( -0.40 to 0.36 W m-2). Globally, sea-salt's shortwave indirect effect ( -0.38 W m-2) is found to be less than its direct effect ( -0.65 W m-2), but would exceed it over the remote oceanic regions of the Southern Hemisphere. These results provide the first global model estimates of the indirect radiative effect of sea-salt aerosol. While enabling more realistic climate simulations by the GCM, the established model framework can be applied to study various challenging research problems related to the radiative and climate effects of aerosols.
Author: Tarek Ayash
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494393840
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 410
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Canadian Aerosol Module (CAM) was developed for simulating the atmospheric cycling of aerosols, with the Third Generation Canadian Climate Center General Circulation Model (CCC GCM III) as its climatological driver. By accounting dynamically for the direct radiative interactions of the CAM-simulated aerosols in the CCC GCM III, a model framework for simulating aerosol-climate interactions is established. This is realized by developing and integrating a more-accurate radiative transfer code for solar radiation computations, and another code for computing the optical parameters of aerosols. Model simulations using the radiative transfer code, which is developed based on the delta-four-stream (DFS) method, reveal significant changes in the GCM solar flux computations compared to the original scheme that uses less-accurate two-stream parameterization methods. Monthly-zonal averages of differences in the modeled fluxes are within 2 W m-2 for clear-sky and 10 W m-2 for whole-sky fluxes, with these differences exceeding 20 and -30 W m-2, respectively. The aerosol climatology and optical properties simulated by the established model framework are validated by comparison to observational data of aerosol surface concentration, sun-photometer, satellite, and lidar measurements. Fairly good agreement is found between modeled and measured aerosol optical properties. However, the validation suggests possible shortcomings in the simulated seasonal peaks and coarse-mode fractions of soil-dust aerosols, carbonaceous aerosol emissions and atmospheric loading of organic-carbon aerosols. The established model framework is applied to study the radiative effects of the two natural aerosol species, soil dust and sea salt. Modeled direct radiative effect of soil dust ( -0.60 to -0.82 W m-2, top-of-atmosphere global-annual mean) suggests a stronger overall cooling than estimates by other models ( -0.40 to 0.36 W m-2). Globally, sea-salt's shortwave indirect effect ( -0.38 W m-2) is found to be less than its direct effect ( -0.65 W m-2), but would exceed it over the remote oceanic regions of the Southern Hemisphere. These results provide the first global model estimates of the indirect radiative effect of sea-salt aerosol. While enabling more realistic climate simulations by the GCM, the established model framework can be applied to study various challenging research problems related to the radiative and climate effects of aerosols.
Author: E.C. Monahan
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9789027722515
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
Get Book Here
Book Description
While various volumes havepreviously been de bable, answer to this question lies in the obser vation that while whitecaps are some of the voted to such topics as droplets and bubbles, it is our conceit that this is the first volume dedi most apparent features associated with high sea cated to the description of the phenomenon states, they have also pro\'ed to be someofthe of oceanic whitecapping, and to a considera most difficult objects to measure and describe tion of the role these whitecapsplay in satellite quantitatively, and while scientists as a group marine remote sensing, in sea-salt aerosol gene may like to tackle difficult problems, we ration, and in a broad range ofother sea surface should not be accused ofundue modesty when processes. This observation, reOecting in part we observe that as a group we also have a finite the relatively modest attention paid until re tolerance for frustration and ahuman,perhaps cently by the scientific community to white aesthetic, prejudice in favour ofnatural pheno caps, is noteworthy when one considers that mena that are amcnable to detailed description. collectively whitecaps are to thegeneral public It is appropriate to note that Professor Wood one of the most striking features of the sea cock, to whom this volume is dedicated, ap scape.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309314852
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Get Book Here
Book Description
The growing problem of changing environmental conditions caused by climate destabilization is well recognized as one of the defining issues of our time. The root problem is greenhouse gas emissions, and the fundamental solution is curbing those emissions. Climate geoengineering has often been considered to be a "last-ditch" response to climate change, to be used only if climate change damage should produce extreme hardship. Although the likelihood of eventually needing to resort to these efforts grows with every year of inaction on emissions control, there is a lack of information on these ways of potentially intervening in the climate system. As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses albedo modification - changing the fraction of incoming solar radiation that reaches the surface. This approach would deliberately modify the energy budget of Earth to produce a cooling designed to compensate for some of the effects of warming associated with greenhouse gas increases. The prospect of large-scale albedo modification raises political and governance issues at national and global levels, as well as ethical concerns. Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth discusses some of the social, political, and legal issues surrounding these proposed techniques. It is far easier to modify Earth's albedo than to determine whether it should be done or what the consequences might be of such an action. One serious concern is that such an action could be unilaterally undertaken by a small nation or smaller entity for its own benefit without international sanction and regardless of international consequences. Transparency in discussing this subject is critical. In the spirit of that transparency, Climate Intervention: Reflecting Sunlight to Cool Earth was based on peer-reviewed literature and the judgments of the authoring committee; no new research was done as part of this study and all data and information used are from entirely open sources. By helping to bring light to this topic area, this book will help leaders to be far more knowledgeable about the consequences of albedo modification approaches before they face a decision whether or not to use them.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309388805
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 351
Get Book Here
Book Description
As the nation's economic activities, security concerns, and stewardship of natural resources become increasingly complex and globally interrelated, they become ever more sensitive to adverse impacts from weather, climate, and other natural phenomena. For several decades, forecasts with lead times of a few days for weather and other environmental phenomena have yielded valuable information to improve decision-making across all sectors of society. Developing the capability to forecast environmental conditions and disruptive events several weeks and months in advance could dramatically increase the value and benefit of environmental predictions, saving lives, protecting property, increasing economic vitality, protecting the environment, and informing policy choices. Over the past decade, the ability to forecast weather and climate conditions on subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, i.e., two to fifty-two weeks in advance, has improved substantially. Although significant progress has been made, much work remains to make S2S predictions skillful enough, as well as optimally tailored and communicated, to enable widespread use. Next Generation Earth System Predictions presents a ten-year U.S. research agenda that increases the nation's S2S research and modeling capability, advances S2S forecasting, and aids in decision making at medium and extended lead times.
Author: C. Chuang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 9
Get Book Here
Book Description
While considerable advances in the understanding of atmospheric processes and feedbacks in the climate system have led to a better representation of these mechanisms in general circulation models (GCMs), the greatest uncertainty in predictability of future climate arises from clouds and their interactions with radiation. To explore this uncertainty, cloud resolving model has been evolved as one of the main tools for understanding and testing cloud feedback processes in climate models, whereas the indirect effects of aerosols are closely linked with cloud feedback processes. In this study we incorporated an existing parameterization of cloud drop concentration (Chuang et al., 2002a) together with aerosol prediction from a global chemistry/aerosol model (IMPACT) (Rotman et al., 2004; Chuang et al., 2002b; Chuang et al., 2005) into LLNL cloud resolving model (Chin, 1994; Chin et al., 1995; Chin and Wilhelmson, 1998) to investigate the effects of aerosols on cloud/precipitation properties and the resulting radiation fields over the Southern Great Plains.
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9781009157971
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 755
Get Book Here
Book Description
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Leo Donner
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521190061
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Get Book Here
Book Description
Presents unique perspectives from leading researchers on the development and application of atmospheric general circulation models. It is a core reference for academic researchers and professionals involved in atmospheric physics, meteorology and climate science, and a resource for graduate-level courses in climate modeling and numerical weather prediction.
Author: Constantin Andronache
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012810550X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Get Book Here
Book Description
Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. - Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate - Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry - Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Author: Chao Jih-Ping
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cloud physics
Languages : en
Pages : 152
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030915183X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Get Book Here
Book Description
More accurate forecasts of climate conditions over time periods of weeks to a few years could help people plan agricultural activities, mitigate drought, and manage energy resources, amongst other activities; however, current forecast systems have limited ability on these time- scales. Models for such climate forecasts must take into account complex interactions among the ocean, atmosphere, and land surface. Such processes can be difficult to represent realistically. To improve the quality of forecasts, this book makes recommendations about the development of the tools used in forecasting and about specific research goals for improving understanding of sources of predictability. To improve the accessibility of these forecasts to decision-makers and researchers, this book also suggests best practices to improve how forecasts are made and disseminated.
